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Particle swarm optimization with local search for height-map surface reconstruction from point clouds in reverse engineering

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Gálvez, Akemi Fister, iztok Deb, Suash Fister, iztok iglesias, Andrés Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences E.T.S.I. Caminos Canales y Puertos University of Cantabria Avda. de los Castros s/n Santander39005 Spain Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Toho University 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi274-8510 Japan Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Koroska cesta 34 Maribor2000 Slovenia IT & Educational Consultant Ranchi India Distinguished Professorial Associate Decision Sciences and Modeling Program Victoria University Melbourne Australia

Surface reconstruction is a classical process in industrial engineering and manufacturing, particularly in reverse engineering, where the goal is to obtain a digital model from a physical object. For that purpose, the real object is typically scanned or digitized and the resulting point cloud is then fitted to mathematical surfaces through numerical optimization. The choice of the approximating functions is crucial for the accuracy of the process. Real-world objects such as manufactured workpieces often require complex nonlinear approximating functions, which are not well suited for standard numerical methods. in a previous paper presented at the iSMSi 2023 conference, we addressed this issue by using manually selected approximation functions via optimization through the cuckoo search algorithm with Lévy flights. Building upon that work, this paper presents an enhanced and extended method for surface reconstruction by using height-map surfaces obtained through a combination of exponential, polynomial and logarithmic functions. A feasible approach for this goal is to consider continuous bivariate distribution functions, which ensures consistent models along with good mathematical properties for the output shapes, such as smoothness and integrability. However, this approach leads to a difficult multivariate, constrained, multimodal continuous nonlinear optimization problem. To tackle this issue, we apply particle swarm optimization, a popular swarm intelligence technique for continuous optimization. The method is hybridized with a local search procedure for further improvement of the solutions and applied to a benchmark of 15 illustrative examples of point clouds fitted to different surface models. The performance of the method is analyzed through several computational experiments. The numerical and graphical results show that the method is able to recover the shape of the point clouds accurately and automatically. Furthermore, our approach outperforms other alternati

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Classification of Real and Deepfakes Visual Samples with Pre-trained Deep Learning Models 7th

Classification of Real and Deepfakes Visual Samples with Pre...

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Proceedings of the 7th international Conference on Advances in Computing and Data sciences, iCACDS 2023

作者： Nawaz, Marriam Javed, Ali Nazir, Tahira Khan, Muhammad Attique Rajinikanth, Venkatesan Kadry, Seifedine Department of Software Engineering UET Taxila Taxila47050 Pakistan Department of Computing Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Division of Research and Innovation Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai602105 India Department of Applied Data Science Noroff University College Kristiansand4612 Norway Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9783031379390

Serious security and privacy problems have arisen as a result of significant advancements in the creation of deepfakes. Attackers can easily replace a person’s face with the target person’s face in an image using sophisticated Deep learning (DL) algorithms to spoof their identity. Deepfakes detection algorithms have been proposed in response to the growing concerns about the potential harm caused by deepfakes. However, a reliable deepfakes detector that can keep up with contemporary deepfakes creation techniques is required. in this work, we have proposed an end-to-end methodology for detecting manipulated visual content. We used multiple CNN models i.e., ResNet18, ResNet50, DenseNet65, DenseNet77, and DenseNet100 along with the SVM classifier to compute effective cues from the input facial faces to distinguish between actual and altered content. We have also applied the concept of transfer learning to solve the issue of model over-fitting and improve generalizability against different manipulation algorithms. A comparison study is carried out to evaluate the performance of several feature extractors. Through thorough experiments performed using the Deepfakes Detection Challenge dataset, our results demonstrated that DenseNet100 surpasses the other CNN models by better recognizing deepfakes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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RELiABiLiTY ANALYSiS OF MONiTORiNG SYSTEM FOR EXTRATERRESTRiAL HABiTAT USiNG CTMC AND EMPiRiCAL EVALUATiON

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Band, Saurabh Stechmann, Florian Unnikrishnan, Malavika Attarha, Shadi Heinicke, Christiane Willig, Andreas Förster, Anna Dept. Sustainable Communication Networks University of Bremen Germany Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity University of Bremen Germany Dept. Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Canterbury New Zealand

Much research has been done to settle a civilization on Mars in recent years. Among the various required resources for this civilization, the habitat is one of the crucial resources to live on Mars. Such an extraterrestrial habitat is designed to provide a safe place to live during the initial missions. it is equipped with monitoring and life support systems to ensure the astronauts’ safety. in this work, we present a robust monitoring system with a use case for extraterrestrial habitats. Similar to a typical monitoring system, it consists of sensor nodes and a gateway connected through a wireless communication channel. in our system, we introduce robustness to various failures that can occur after deployment, namely, board, sensor and gateway failure, in the form of redundancy. For each failure, the problem is tackled differently. For the first two types, we use additional hardware as backup, while for the last type, we use neighbouring devices as backups. The backup devices function as replacements for the failed component, which helps the system to collect the data which would otherwise be lost. We evaluate how much the performance of the system improves by using backup devices. We use a Continuous-Time Markov chain for the theoretical evaluation and an experimental setup that includes the hardware prototype for the empirical evaluation. We also analyze the effect of a simple medium access mechanism on the system’s performance in the presence of heavy noise on the channel. Based on our requirements, we use a simple custom medium access control (MAC) algorithm called Slotted-ALOHA with Random Back-off (SARB) to make communication reliable. We demonstrate that around 30 - 34% of the packets are recovered, with the use of backup devices (redundancy), which would otherwise be lost in case of failures. We also demonstrate that the system’s performance improves by 3.8 - 13.2% with the use of a simple medium access technique (SARB). © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Can persistent homology whiten Transformer-based black-box models? A case study on BERT compression

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Balderas, Luis Lastra, Miguel Benítez, Jose M. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DiCITS iMUDS DaSCI E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada Spain Department of Software Engineering DiCITS iMUDS DaSCI E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada Spain

Large Language Models (LLMs) like BERT have gained significant prominence due to their remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, they come with substantial computational and memory costs. Additionally, they are essentially black-box models, challenging to explain and interpret. in this article, we propose Optimus BERT Compression and Explainability (OBCE), a methodology to bring explainability to BERT models using persistent homology, aiming to measure the importance of each neuron by studying the topological characteristics of their outputs. As a result, we can compress BERT significantly by reducing the number of parameters (58.47% of the original parameters for BERT Base, 52.3% for BERT Large). We evaluated our methodology on the standard GLUE Benchmark, comparing the results with state-of-the-art techniques and achieving outstanding results. Consequently, our methodology can "whiten" BERT models by providing explainability to its neurons and reducing the model’s size, making it more suitable for deployment on resource-constrained devices. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Optimizing Dense Feed-Forward Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

Deep learning models have been widely used during the last decade due to their outstanding learning and abstraction capacities. However, one of the main challenges any scientist has to face using deep learning models is to establish the network’s architecture. Due to this difficulty, data scientists usually build over complex models and, as a result, most of them result computationally intensive and impose a large memory footprint, generating huge costs, contributing to climate change and hindering their use in computational-limited devices. in this paper, we propose a novel feed-forward neural network constructing method based on pruning and transfer learning. its performance has been thoroughly assessed in classification and regression problems. Without any accuracy loss, our approach can compress the number of parameters by more than 70%. Even further, choosing the pruning parameter carefully, most of the refined models outperform original ones. We also evaluate the transfer learning level comparing the refined model and the original one training from scratch a neural network with the same hyper parameters as the optimized model. The results obtained show that our constructing method not only helps in the design of more efficient models but also more effective ones. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Climate change

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Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Architecture

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are widely used to face challenging tasks like speech recognition, natural language processing or computer vision. As CNN architectures get larger and more complex, their computational requirements increase, incurring significant energetic costs and challenging their deployment on resource-restricted devices. in this paper, we propose Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Architecture (OCNNA), a novel CNN optimization and construction method based on pruning and knowledge distillation designed to establish the importance of convolutional layers. The proposal has been evaluated though a thorough empirical study including the best known datasets (CiFAR-10, CiFAR-100 and imagenet) and CNN architectures (VGG-16, ResNet-50, DenseNet-40 and MobileNet), setting Accuracy Drop and Remaining Parameters Ratio as objective metrics to compare the performance of OCNNA against the other state-of-art approaches. Our method has been compared with more than 20 convolutional neural network simplification algorithms obtaining outstanding results. As a result, OCNNA is a competitive CNN constructing method which could ease the deployment of neural networks into ioT or resource-limited devices. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Convolution

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Cybersecurity Threats in the Era of Ai: Detection of Phishing Domains Through Classification Rules 2

Cybersecurity Threats in the Era of AI: Detection of Phishin...

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2nd international engineering Conference on Electrical, Energy, and Artificial intelligence, EiCEEAi 2023

作者： Aljaidi, Mohammad Alsarhan, Ayoub Al-Fraihat, Dimah Al-Arjan, Ahmed igried, Bashar El-Salhi, Subhieh M. Khalid, Muhammad Al-Na'amneh, Qais Zarqa University Faculty of Information Technology Department of Computer Science Zarqa13110 Jordan The Hashemite University Department of Information Technology Jordan Isra University Faculty of Information Technology Department of Software Engineering Amman11622 Jordan The Hashemite University Faculty of Prince AL-Hussein Bin Abdullah Ii of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Jordan The Hashemite University Department of Computer Science and Applications Zarqa Jordan The Hashemite University P. O Box 330127 Zarqa13133 Jordan University of Hull Department of Computer Sciences and Technology Kingston upon Hull United Kingdom Applied Science Private University Dep. of Cyber Security Amman Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373363

Phishing is a cyber threat where attackers create deceptive websites or emails to exploit individuals for fraudulent purposes such as providing sensitive information like usernames, passwords, or financial details. Hence, detecting phishing emails is of paramount importance to protect sensitive information, preventing financial losses, protecting against identity theft, and maintaining trust. This study employs machine learning techniques to classify and categorize websites that are used for phishing attacks. To achieve this, we proposed a classification model for the detection of phishing domains based on classification rules. These rules were formulated based on analyzing and distributing them into three classifiers: domain name features, search engine opinion (SEO) information of the domain, and security scans by security vendors. A total of eleven classification rules were formulated which were distributed as follows: six rules for the first classifier, four rules for the second classifier, and one rule for the third classifier. Each classifier feeds its results to the main classifier, which then evaluates the received results based on its rules. Domain names from 222 confirmed phishing URLs were used to test the suggested model. The model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 99.1% during testing. © 2023 iEEE.

关键词： Websites

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An explainable deep learning approach for stock market trend prediction

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e40095页

作者： Muhammad, Dost Ahmed, iftikhar Naveed, Khwaja Bendechache, Malika CRT-AI and ADAPT Research Centres School of Computer Science University of Galway Ireland Department of Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied Sciences Potsdam Germany Swedish Center for Digital Innovation University of Gothenburg Sweden ADAPT Research Centre School of Computer Science University of Galway Ireland

Given the intricate nature of stock forecasting as well as the inherent risks and uncertainties, analysis of market trends is necessary to capitalize on optimal investment opportunities for profit maximization and timely disinvestment for loss minimization. in this work, we propose a deep learning model for predicting five distinct stock market trends: upward, downward, double top, rounded bottom, and rounded top. The proposed model surpasses common benchmarks, including support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression, achieving an average accuracy of 94.9%, compared to 85.7% for random forest, 60.07% for support vector machine, and 52.45% for logistic regression. Furthermore the proposed model excels in F1-score, with a 94.85% performance, compared to 77.95% for random forest, 21.02% for support vector machine and 46.23% for logistic regression, across four real world diverse datasets. Additionally, we employ explainable Ai (XAi) techniques, SHAP and LiME, to enhance interpretability, enabling stakeholders to understand the key factors driving predictions. The SHAP analysis reveals the top 10 most important/influential features, enabling feature reduction while maintaining performance. interestingly, while accuracy slightly decreases with top 10 features, precision, recall, and F1-score improve, suggesting a trade-off between comprehensiveness and performance. These results demonstrate the potential for practical application in financial decision-making, providing a balance between interpretability and predictive power that can support investors in risk management and strategic planning. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Deep neural network Explainable Ai Machine learning Stock market trend prediction Time series prediction

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Robust and Reliable Liveness Detection Models for Facial Recognition Systems

Robust and Reliable Liveness Detection Models for Facial Rec...

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Frontiers of information Technology (FiT)

作者： Haris Anjum Usama Arshad Raja Hashim Ali Zain Ul Abideen Muhammad Huzaifa Shah Talha Ali Khan Ali Zeeshan ijaz Abu Bakar Siddique Muhammad imad Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering GIK Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Topi Pakistan Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied Sciences Berlin Germany BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications & Nanostructure Spain

Facial Liveness Detection is instrumental in combating fraudulent practices and identity theft by differentiating genuine faces from forgeries. Given that facial recognition is now an integral part of many sectors like banking and law enforcement, liveness detection has become a vital aspect for maintaining the trustworthiness of these applications. Unfortunately, the utility of prevalent facial liveness detection models is constrained by their lack of generalizability to novel, unseen data, which presents a substantial impediment to practical applications. To mitigate this issue, our research endeavored to construct a reliable and precise facial liveness detection model that can effectively navigate this challenge and ensure consistent performance across diverse datasets. The devised model exhibited excellent accuracy, which attests to its robustness. This research underscores the advantages of employing deep learning methods such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as they significantly enhance the model’s accuracy. We intend for our findings to drive further research and progress in this critical field, by laying the groundwork for future work that integrates multiple liveness detection methods and collects more varied training data to develop an even more resilient and efficient system.

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Enhancing Password Security: Analyzing Password Management Practices Among iT Students

Enhancing Password Security: Analyzing Password Management P...

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international iEEE Conference and Workshop: Óbuda on Electrical and Power engineering (CANDO-EPE)

作者： Anita Mihalovicsne Kollar Jozsef Katona Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemet Hungary Department of Applied Quantitative Methods Faculty of Finance and Accountancy Budapest Business University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798331531119

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531126

Today, with the digital world in its full swing, strong password management is key to protecting sensitive information from both internal and external threats. The current research explores the passwords managing behavior of the iT students at the University of Dunaujvaros. A survey made in May 2024 questioned 68 students, 59 males and 9 females, about behaviors such as using passwords with complexity, not repeating them for multiple accounts or machines, changing them regularly, and which applications they use for password management. The findings have depicted that, as a whole, students appear to be moderately sensitive about the password security instructions. Nonetheless, most continue to indulge in unsafe practices, including easily remembered or weak passwords and infrequent password changes. Furthermore, approximately half of the responders use password management applications, indicating room for significant improvement in the future. The results suggest that intervention and special education measures should be taken to enhance the practice of password security among future iT experts. This research has good potential to contribute toward strategies designed for people behaving safely in password management, and hence promote a secure digital environment.

关键词： Surveys Continuing education Power engineering Correlation engineering profession Education Passwords Complexity theory Security Protection

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