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Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Low-resource Languages: A Study on Named-Entity Recognition (NER) and Part-Of-Speech (POS) Tagging for Nepali Language 30

Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for ...

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Joint 30th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 14th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024

作者： Subedi, Bipesh Regmi, Sunil Bal, Bal Krishna Acharya, Praveen Information and Language Processing Research Lab Department of Computer Science & Engineering Kathmandu University Nepal School of Computing Dublin City University Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9782493814104

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) by excelling in various NLP tasks. This study specifically focuses on evaluating the performance of LLMs for Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging for a low-resource language, Nepali. The aim is to study the effectiveness of these models for languages with limited resources by conducting experiments involving various parameters and fine-tuning and evaluating two datasets namely, ILPRL and EBIQUITY. In this work, we have experimented with eight LLMs for Nepali NER and POS tagging. While some prior works utilized larger datasets than ours, our contribution lies in presenting a comprehensive analysis of multiple LLMs in a unified setting. The findings indicate that NepBERTa, trained solely in the Nepali language, demonstrated the highest performance with F1-scores of 0.76 and 0.90 in ILPRL dataset. Similarly, it achieved 0.79 and 0.97 in EBIQUITY dataset for NER and POS respectively. This study not only highlights the potential of LLMs in performing classification tasks for low-resource languages but also compares their performance with that of alternative approaches deployed for the tasks. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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ALF - Ambient Assisted Living for Healthcare Framework Based on IoMT and Big Data 7th

ALF - Ambient Assisted Living for Healthcare Framework Based...

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7th International Conference on Smart City Applications, SCA 2022

作者： Zahoor, Kanwal Bawany, Narmeen Zakaria Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah University for Women Karachi74600 Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031268519

A rapid technology change has significant opportunities for almost every industry, especially for healthcare. By using advanced network technologies and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, health professionals can monitor remotely and respond to emergency cases efficiently. Ambient Assistive living (AAL) aims to improve living conditions for the elderly and disabled people. Data from heterogeneous sensors allow AAL systems to continuously monitor the health status of the elderly. The main contribution of this paper is to propose an Ambient Assisted Living Framework (ALF) for health care. The framework - ALF for health care comprises four layers namely, data sources, data integration, data analytics and ambient assisted living applications for healthcare. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Big data

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Multiple moving object classification and tracking using DenCNN classifier

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第5-6期46卷 11311-11329页

作者： Premanand, V. Arulalan, V. Kumar, Dhananjay School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Tamil Nadu India Department of Computing Technologies SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur India Department of Information Technology Anna University Madras Institute of Technology Campus Tamil Nadu Chennai India

A Multiple moving object detection, tracking, and counting algorithm is mainly designed exclusively suitable for congested areas. The counting system can alleviate the betrayal performance in the crowded areas. Most of the existing methods developed for tracking and counting face serious challenges in detection due to high densities of the target. This condition urged the researchers to update the existing systems. The present methodology was designed to address such issues. In the present methodology, the contrast was initially enhanced between the objects and their backgrounds using a Double Plateau Histogram Equalization (DPHE). Then, the motion was estimated for the contrast-enhanced image to identify the moment of the object using the modified Adaptive Distance Covariance Rood Pattern Search (ADCRPS) algorithm. After that, the morphological operation was deployed to sharpen the images by removing all the unwanted things. Then, the features were extracted and important features were selected using the modified Chaotic Tent Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (CTSSO) Algorithm. With the selected features object, detection was done using the proposed Scaled Non-Monotonic Cauchy Dense Convolutional Neural Network (SNMC-DenCNN). The detected object was then tracked with the aid of Channel and Spatial Reliability Tracker (CSRT). Finally, the objects were counted by intersection over union (IOU) by explicitly computing the association between detected and tracked objects. Also, the experimental results showed the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system with enhanced accuracy. © 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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Mining User Behavior in Decentralized Applications for Blockchain Trust and Security Analytics 5

Mining User Behavior in Decentralized Applications for Block...

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5th International Conference on Blockchain computing and Applications, BCCA 2023

作者： You, Shengwei Joshi, Aditya Kuehlkamp, Andrey Nabrzyski, Jarek University of Notre Dame Center for Research Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Notre Dame United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339239

This paper presents a cutting-edge data mining approach to investigate user trust in decentralized applications (dApps) on public blockchains. Our innovative data analysis methodology enables a comprehensive exploration of dApp user behaviors, uncovering crucial insights. Contrary to popular belief, large-scale hacking incidents on centralized exchanges (CEX) have a limited impact on decentralized exchange (DEX) migration and inactive user rates. Additionally, our results reveal a notable trend of increased user outflow in older dApp protocols compared to their newer counterparts and emphasize the significant role of government regulations on DEX user inactivity. This research advances the understanding of dApp scalability and user trust, laying the groundwork for future inquiries in this rapidly evolving field. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Data mining

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Empowering Donors: How Blockchain Technology Can Help Ensure Their Contributions Reach the Right Recipients 2

Empowering Donors: How Blockchain Technology Can Help Ensure...

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2nd International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security, ICBATS 2023

作者： Ajmal, Sahar Muzammil, Muteeb Bin Shoaib, Muhammad Mehmood, Muhammad Hassaan National University of Computer and Emmerging Sciences Department of Software Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan Riphah International University College of Computing Faisalabad Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Lahore Pakistan School of Computer Science NCBA&E Lahore Pakistan Applied School Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman11937 Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335644

Charity giving is a fundamental aspect of society, but there are concerns about the accountability and transparency of the donation process. Blockchain technology has emerged as a potential solution, offering a secure and auditable platform for managing charitable contributions. In this paper, we explore the concept of empowering donors through blockchain technology and examine how it can help ensure that contributions reach the right recipients. We review existing literature on the topic and identify key areas for future research, including the development of hybrid blockchain solutions along with the implementation of novel consensus mechanisms. Moreover, providing the idea of decentralized autonomous organizations, self-executing smart contracts, and integration of blockchain with artificial intelligence and Internet of things. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field and outlining a roadmap for future research, we hope to stimulate further exploration of the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize charity giving, and create a more accountable and transparent system for managing charitable funds. Some research questions are designed for each novel idea. Our analysis suggests that blockchain has the potential to empower donors and ensure that their contributions make a positive impact in the world, but further research is needed to fully realize its potential. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Transparency

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Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Morse Code Based Communication Recognition with Eye Tracking

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Journal of Mobile Multimedia 2023年第6期19卷 1439-1461页

作者： Medichalam, Krishnakanth Vijayarajan, V. Kumar, V. Vinoth Iyer, I. Manimozhi Vanukuri, Yaswanth Kumar Prasath, V.B. Surya Swapna, B. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering East Point College of Engineering and Technology India Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati 45221 OH United States Department of ECE Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute Chennai 95 India

Morse code is one of the oldest communication techniques and used in telecommunication systems. Morse code can be transmitted as a visual signal by using reflections or with the help of flashlights, but it can also be used as a non-detectable form of communication by using the tapping of fingers or even blinking of eyes. In this paper, we develop a computer vision based approach that automatically characterizes the characters conveyed wherein a person can communicate to system or another person through Morse code with eye gestures. We can decode this visual eye tracking based language with the help of our automatic computer vision driven method. Our approach uses a normal webcam to detect the gestures made by the eyes and are interpreted as dots and dashes. These dots and dashes are used to represent the Morse code-based words. Image processing techniques-based blink and pupil detectors are employed. Blink detector helps us to detect a blink and the time that took for each blink. A blink that takes 2 to 4 seconds is acknowledged as a dot whereas a blink that takes more than 4 seconds is represented as a dash. The pupil detector helps us to detect the movement of the pupils, and if pupils move towards right with respect to a person then it is acknowledged as next letter and if the pupils are moved towards left with respect to a person then it is acknowledged as next word. In this way, we decode the Morse code which will be communicated using eyes and establish a non-detectable communication between a person and an automatic system. Our experimental results on an unconstrained visual scene with preliminary greeting words indicate the promise of an automatic eye tracking based system with success rate of 98.25% that can be of use in non-verbal communications. © 2023 River Publishers.

关键词： blinks communication eye detection face detection gestures image processing Morse code

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Flexiswap: A Cross-Chain Decentralized Exchange Protocol 17

Flexiswap: A Cross-Chain Decentralized Exchange Protocol

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Singh, Kirti Ribeiro, Vinay J. Mandal, Susmita Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mumbai India Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Decentralized exchanges (DEXs) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance trustlessness in blockchain ecosystems and mitigate security threats associated with centralized exchanges. While platforms like Uniswap offer certain advantages, their limitation to exchanging tokens within a single blockchain restricts their utility. Moreover, exchanges relying on atomic swaps, such as AtomicDEX, are susceptible to grief attacks and exhibit low success ratios. In response to these challenges, we introduce FlexiSwap, an auction-based decentralized exchange protocol that leverages atomic swaps for exchanging native tokens between smart contract-compatible blockchains. FlexiSwap stands out by combining multiple bids to facilitate one-to-many exchanges, resulting in improved exchange values, successful execution of large-volume exchanges, and an improved success ratio. The protocol incorporates a penalization mechanism to deter grief attacks, ensuring that participants cannot withdraw from an exchange without incurring a loss once the counterparty has committed its assets. We also prove the protocol's safety, liveness, and grief prevention. Our simulation results demonstrate that combining multiple bids helps achieve better exchange values and order-matching success rates. Additionally, we implemented our protocol on Ethereum-based blockchains. The experimental results show that combining bids increases overall gas usage, but the increase in the average gas user per bid is marginal. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Kyoto Protocol

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HS–WOA–MANET: a hybrid meta-heuristic approach-based multi-objective constraints for energy efficient routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks

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Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments 2024年第2期10卷 151-176页

作者： Goswami, Subhrananda Mondal, Sukumar Johardar, Subhankar Das, Chandan Bikash Research Centre of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Computer Science Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University Midnapore India Department of Mathematics Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College Midnapore India Department of Computer Science Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia India Department of Mathematics Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya Tamluk India

A self-organizing, reconfigurable, and structure-less wireless network that provides intended communications without any radio infrastructure is called the mobile ad hoc network (MANETs). It is generally utilized in special outside occasions, locations, military surgeries, and natural disasters. In MANET, providing security is the primary issue because of the adoption of network structures. Moreover, the modifications in dynamic topologies expose the strike selection, such as routing, eavesdropping, and alteration of several programs. If MANET has several privacy and security issues, then it may surpass the quality of services (QoS). Hence, the security in MANET is guaranteed by using intrusion tracking approaches. This intrusion tracking system regulates the MANET in recognizing some other violation weaknesses. High protections are provided by detecting intrusions from the entire network, which includes attacks that are beyond the network layer. The nodes are not merely altered by the power collapse in the system, but it is also capable of transferring the packets in the network, which depends on the total system life. An effective routing protocol is designed to select the optimal paths for enhancing navigation in MANETs. Moreover, the terms secure routing and energy efficiency are critical problems when changing the network topology and limiting resources with this kind of network. A hybridized optimization-aided routing strategy is offered in this research work to provide an energy-efficient routing protocol. At the initial stage, the experimentation is conducted based on the sensor nodes in MANET. Since the existing models are ineffective in achieving high energy efficiency, the new routing protocol is developed by proposing the hybrid optimization algorithm. Accordingly, the suggested work is regarded for optimizing the shortest path in the routing model by using the Hybrid Sailfish Optimizer and Whale Optimization Algorithm (HS-WOA). To validate the network e

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis Using Spotted Hyena Optimizer Combined with Transfer Learning Approaches 15th

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis Using Spotted Hyena O...

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15th International Conference on Soft computing and Pattern Recognition, SoCPaR 2023 and 14th World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired computing, NaBIC 2023

作者： Balakrishnan, Roshni M. Bharanidharan, N. Chakravarthy, S. R. Sannasi Kumar, V. Vinoth Patil, Swetha Rajaguru, Harikumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham Bengaluru India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PES University EC Campus Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810794

Histopathological oral images are one of the popular methodologies to diagnose oral squamous cell carcinoma. computerized diagnostic systems need to be developed in order to process huge number of histopathological oral images for each subject and helping the clinician in classifying the oral images as either normal class or oral squamous cell carcinoma class. This research work uses deep transfer learning approaches namely MobileNetV3, InceptionV2, and EfficientNetB3 for extracting the features from histopathological oral images. Spotted Hyena Optimizer is used as feature transform for improving classification accuracy. Two dense layers are used for classifying the transformed features. 2784 & 3632 number of histopathological oral images are considered in this study under the two classes as normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma respectively. With the proposed spotted Hyena Optimizer, the maximum accuracy attained is 93% for the features extracted through InceptionV2 model. Relatively, the highest accuracy attained is 89% if the optimizer is not used for the features extracted through MobileNetV3 model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Crowdfunding System based on Blockchain 15

Crowdfunding System based on Blockchain

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15th International Conference on Advances in computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, ACT 2024

作者： Jain, Rashmi Panchabuddhe, Hrushikesh Ranapurwala, Amaan Kate, Aniruddha Gaikwad, Atharva Maroo, Harsh Mishra, Yash Department of Computer Science and Engineering S.B. Jain Institute of Technology Management and Research Nagpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331300579

Blockchain was first only utilized to support cryptocurrencies, but as time passes, more and more industries are embracing this new technology. Several other crypto currencies started to emerge piecemeal from bitcoin. With the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts, Defy Systems increases the power of websites. Blockchain is expected to be used as an efficient method of conducting online transactions as technology matures. One of the diligences to which blockchain technology may be applied is crowdfunding sites. A brand-new and cutting-edge method for funding many kinds of bets is crowdfunding, in which the bets' individual writers can ask for money. With the advent of the internet and social media, new platforms emerged. For charitable organizations and business owners looking to grow their wealth, the internet and social media are crucial. In this study, it is proposed as a cutting-edge hybrid blockchain crowdsourcing platform called CrypFunds to further explore the benefits of merging blockchain and crowdsourcing. Cryptocurrency donations, whether they are made to a political party or an association, are frequently accepted in the Contributions in cryptocurrencies can give organizations access to a new group of implicit philanthropists who would rather give via blockchain than some of the more conventional methods that might enable them to avoid capital gains taxes. © Grenze Scientific Society, 2024.

关键词： Blockchain

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