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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Chen-Te Zhang, Hui Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Physics Department Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States

Our review of the lattice chiral fermion delves into some critical areas of lattice field theory. By abandoning Hermiticity, the non-Hermitian formulation circumvents the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem while maintaining chiral symmetry, a novel approach. Comparing the Wilson and overlap fermions gives insight into how lattice formulations handle chiral symmetry. The Wilson fermion explicitly breaks chiral symmetry to eliminate doublers. In contrast, the overlap fermion restores a modified form of chiral symmetry using the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. We investigate how the (1+1)D Wilson fermion relates to the (1+1)D overlap fermion in the Hamiltonian formulation. This connection could provide a clearer physical understanding of how chiral symmetry manifests at the lattice level. Depending on Hermiticity for efficiency, Monte Carlo methods face unique challenges in a non-Hermitian setting. We investigate how to correctly apply this method to non-Hermitian lattice fermions, which is essential for practical simulations. Finally, the review of topological charge is crucial, as topological features in lattice formulations are strongly connected to chiral symmetry, anomalies, and the index theorem. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Negative information filtering algorithm based on text content in multimedia networks

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International Journal of Performability Engineering 2019年第11期15卷 3061-3071页

作者： Chen, Wenqing Fu, Weina College of Applied Technology China University of Labor Relations Beijing100000 China College of Computer and Information Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot010012 China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China

In the multimedia network environment, it is necessary to effectively filter negative information in the multimedia network and enhance the ability to mine and identify valid data. This paper presents a new algorithm of negative information filtering based on text content in multimedia networks. The principal component features of negative information in multimedia networks are extracted, and matched filters are designed to filter the negative information reasonably. All text contents and negative information are normalized and sorted. They are transformed into the same text format for classification and processing, and the filtering and detection of negative information are realized. Finally, based on the semantic features of text content, the support vector machine algorithm is used to extract negative information features from data. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the filtering accuracy and performance for negative information in multimedia networks, and it has good application value. © 2019 Totem Publisher, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information filtering

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DEFCON: Generating and Detecting Failure-prone Instruction Sequences via Stochastic Search

DEFCON: Generating and Detecting Failure-prone Instruction S...

引用

Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Ioannis Tsiokanos Lev Mukhanov Giorgis Georgakoudis Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos Georgios Karakonstantis Institute of Electronics Communications and Information Technology Queen’s University Belfast UK Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory USA Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech USA

ISBN: (数字)9783981926347

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144689

The increased variability and adopted low supply voltages render nanometer devices prone to timing failures, which threaten the functionality of digital circuits. Recent schemes focused on developing instruction-aware failure prediction models and adapting voltage/frequency to avoid errors while saving energy. However, such schemes may be inaccurate when applied to pipelined cores since they consider only the currently executed instruction and the preceding one, thereby neglecting the impact of all the concurrently executing instructions on failure occurrence. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the order and type of instructions in sequences with a length equal to the pipeline depth affect significantly the failure rate. To overcome the practically impossible evaluation of the impact of all possible sequences on failures, we present DEFCON, a fully automated framework that stochastically searches for the most failure-prone instruction sequences (ISQs). DEFCON generates such sequences by integrating a properly formulated genetic algorithm with accurate post-layout dynamic timing analysis, considering the data-dependent path sensitization and instruction execution history. The generated micro-architecture aware ISQs are then used by DEFCON to estimate the failure vulnerability of any application. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed framework, we implement a pipelined floating-point unit and perform dynamic timing analysis based on input data that we extract from a variety of applications consisting of up-to 43.5M ISQs. Our results show that DEFCON reveals quickly ISQs that maximize the output quality loss and correctly detects 99.7% of the actual faulty ISQs in different applications under various levels of variation-induced delay increase. Finally, DEFCON enable us to identify failure-prone ISQs early at the design cycle, and save 26.8% of energy on average when combined with a clock stretching mechanism.

关键词： History Pipelines Biological cells Delays Genetic algorithms Erbium

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Global-aware beam search for neural abstractive summarization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Ma, Ye Lan, Zixun Zong, Lu Huang, Kaizhu Department of Financial and Actuarial Mathematics School of Science Department of Applied Mathematics School of Science Department of Intelligent Science School of Advanced Technology Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Financial Technology Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University SIP Suzhou215123 China

This study develops a calibrated beam-based algorithm with awareness of the global attention distribution for neural abstractive summarization, aiming to improve the local optimality problem of the original beam search in a rigorous way. Specifically, a novel global protocol is proposed based on the attention distribution to stipulate how a global optimal hypothesis should attend to the source. A global scoring mechanism is then developed to regulate beam search to generate summaries in a near-global optimal fashion. This novel design enjoys a distinctive property, i.e., the global attention distribution could be predicted before inference, enabling step-wise improvements on the beam search through the global scoring mechanism. Extensive experiments on nine datasets show that the global (attention)-aware inference significantly improves state-of-the-art summarization models even using empirical hyper-parameters. The algorithm is also proven robust as it remains to generate meaningful texts with corrupted attention distributions. The codes and a comprehensive set of examples are available. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Study of Asymptotic Free Scalar Field Theories from Adaptive Perturbation Method

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Chen-Te Zhang, Hui Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50010 United States Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Physics Department Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States

We focus on the behavior of (2+1)d λ4 and (5+1)d λ3 or λ||3 theories in different regimes and compare the results obtained from the adaptive perturbation method with those obtained from lattice simulation. These theories are simple models that exhibit asymptotic freedom, which is a property that is also observed in more complex theories such as QCD, which describes the strong interaction between quarks and gluons. Asymptotic freedom is an important feature of these theories because it allows for a perturbative treatment of interactions at high energies. However, the standard perturbation scheme breaks down in the presence of strong interactions, and the adaptive perturbation method, which involves resuming the Feynman diagrams, is more suitable for studying these interactions. Our research involves comparing the perturbation result to lattice simulation. In the case of the 3 theory, there is no stable vacuum, so we explore evidence from the ||3 theory instead. Our results appear to show that resummation improves the strong coupling result for both the λ4 and λ||3 theories. Additionally, we improve the resummation method for the three-point coupling vertex and study the RG flow to analyze the resummation contribution and theoretical properties. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lattice theory

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Integrated lithium niobate photonic computing circuit based on efficient and high-speed electro-optic conversion

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Yaowen Song, Yunxiang Zhu, Xinrui Guo, Xiangwen Lu, Shengyuan Zhang, Qihang He, Lingyan Franken, C.A.A. Powell, Keith Warner, Hana Assumpcao, Daniel Renaud, Dylan Wang, Ying Magalhães, Letícia Rosborough, Victoria Shams-Ansari, Amirhassan Li, Xudong Cheng, Rebecca Luke, Kevin Yang, Kiyoul Barbastathis, George Zhang, Mian Zhu, Di Johansson, Leif Beling, Andreas Sinclair, Neil Loncar, Marko John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Quantum Science and Engineering Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States HyperLight Corporation 501 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139 United States Laser Physics and Nonlinear Optics Group Department of Science and Technology MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Freedom Photonics 41 Aero Camino GoletaCA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117575 Singapore Singapore138634 Singapore

The surge in artificial intelligence applications, encompassing machine vision, autonomous driving, remote sensing, and process simulation, relies on efficient and large-scale data processing. This requires highly scalable computation with high speed and low energy consumption, calling for innovative solutions to overcome the limitations of electronic systems1–9. Integrated photonics may play a pivotal role in addressing this challenge, leveraging the intrinsic properties of photons, such as natural parallelism, high bandwidth, and low latency10–15. While current photonic computing approaches show promise, they are critically limited by the speed and energy consumption of mapping information from the electronic to optical domain (i.e., electro-optic conversion)1–3,6–8,16 . Here we show a photonic computing accelerator utilizing a system-level thin-film lithium niobate circuit which overcomes this limitation. Leveraging the strong electro-optic (Pockels) effect and the scalability of this platform, we demonstrate photonic computation at speeds up to 1.36 TOPS while consuming 0.057 pJ/OP. Our system features more than 100 thin-film lithium niobate high-performance components working synergistically, surpassing state-of-the-art systems on this platform. We further demonstrate binary-classification, handwritten-digit classification, and image classification with remarkable accuracy, showcasing our system’s capability of executing real algorithms. Finally, we investigate the opportunities offered by combining our system with a hybrid-integrated distributed feedback laser source and a heterogeneous-integrated modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode. Our results illustrate the promise of thin-film lithium niobate as a computational platform, addressing current bottlenecks in both electronic and photonic computation. Its unique properties of high-performance electro-optic weight encoding and conversion, wafer-scale scalability, and compatibility with integrated lasers and

关键词： Distributed feedback lasers

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Topological phonon transport in an optomechanical system

Topological phonon transport in an optomechanical system

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Hengjiang Ren Tirth Shah Hannes Pfeifer Christian Brendel Vittorio Peano Florian Marquardt Oskar Painter Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Thomas J. Watson Sr. Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Erlangen Germany Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany AWS Center for Quantum Computing Pasadena California USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580910

We report the observation of topological phonon transport within a multiscale optome-chanical crystal structure consisting of an array of over 800 cavity-optomechanical ele- ments. Using sensitive, spatially resolved optical read-out we detect thermal phonons in a 0.325 − 0.34 GHz band traveling along a topological edge channel, with substantial reduc- tion in backscattering. This represents an important step from the pioneering macroscopic mechanical systems work towards topological phononic systems at the nanoscale.

关键词： Image edge detection Phonons Crystals Lasers and electrooptics Nanoscale devices Optical sensors Mechanical systems

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A Comprehensive Survey in LLM(-Agent) Full Stack Safety: Data, Training and Deployment

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Kun Zhang, Guibin Zhou, Zhenhong Wu, Jiahao Yu, Miao Zhao, Shiqian Yin, Chenlong Fu, Jinhu Yan, Yibo Luo, Hanjun Lin, Liang Xu, Zhihao Lu, Haolang Cao, Xinye Zhou, Xinyun Jin, Weifei Meng, Fanci Mao, Junyuan Wu, Hao Wang, Minghe Zhang, Fan Fang, Junfeng Liu, Chengwei Zhang, Yifan Li, Qiankun Guo, Chongye Qin, Yalan Ding, Yi Hong, Donghai Ji, Jiaming Li, Xinfeng Jiang, Yifan Wang, Dongxia Huang, Yihao Guo, Yufei Huang, Jen-Tse Yue, Yanwei Huang, Wenke Wan, Guancheng Li, Tianlin Bai, Lei Zhang, Jie Guo, Qing Wang, Jingyi Chen, Tianlong Zhou, Joey Tianyi Jia, Xiaojun Sun, Weisong Wu, Cong Chen, Jing Hu, Xuming Li, Yiming Wang, Xiao Zhang, Ningyu Tuan, Luu Anh Xu, Guowen Zhang, Tianwei Ma, Xingjun Wang, Xiang An, Bo Sun, Jun Bansal, Mohit Pan, Shirui Elovici, Yuval Kailkhura, Bhavya Li, Bo Yang, Yaodong Li, Hongwei Xu, Wenyuan Sun, Yizhou Wang, Wei Li, Qing Tang, Ke Jiang, Yu-Gang Juefei-Xu, Felix Xiong, Hui Wang, Xiaofeng Yan, Shuicheng Tao, Dacheng Yu, Philip S. Wen, Qingsong Liu, Yang Nanyang Technological University Singapore Squirrel AI Learning National University of Singapore Singapore A*STAR Singapore The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Southern University of Science and Technology China University of Science and Technology of China China The Pennsylvania State University United States TeleAI China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Zhejiang University China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences China Renmin University of China China Tencent Georgia Institute of Technology United States Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China Shanghai University China Shanghai AI Laboratory China Peking University China University of Southern California United States Johns Hopkins University United States Wuhan University China University of California Los Angeles United States The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Washington United States University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Fudan University China Singapore Management University Singapore Griffith University Australia Ben Gurion University Center for Applied Scientific Computing University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States New York University United States University of Illinois Chicago United States

The remarkable success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated a promising pathway toward achieving Artificial General Intelligence for both academic and industrial communities, owing to their unprecedented performance across various applications. As LLMs continue to gain prominence in both research and commercial domains, their security and safety implications have become a growing concern, not only for researchers and corporations but also for every nations. Currently, existing surveys on LLM safety primarily focus on specific stages of the LLM lifecycle, e.g., deployment phase or fine-tuning phase, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the entire "lifechain" of LLMs. To address this gap, this paper introduces, for the first time, the concept of "full-stack" safety to systematically consider safety issues throughout the entire process of LLM training, deployment, and eventual commercialization. Compared to the off-the-shelf LLM safety surveys, our work demonstrates several distinctive advantages: (I) Comprehensive Perspective. We define the complete LLM lifecycle as encompassing data preparation, pre-training, post-training (including alignment and fine-tuning, model editing, etc.), deployment and final commercialization. To our knowledge, this represents the first safety survey to encompass the entire lifecycle of LLMs. (II) Extensive Literature Support. Our research is grounded in an exhaustive review of over 800+ papers, ensuring comprehensive coverage and systematic organization of security issues within a more holistic understanding. (III) Unique Insights. Through systematic literature analysis, we have developed reliable roadmaps and perspectives for each chapter. Our work identifies promising research directions, including safety in data generation, alignment techniques, model editing, and LLM-based agent systems. These insights provide valuable guidance for researchers pursuing future work in this field. We provide an up-to-date review of the li

关键词： Stockpile surveys

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Recent progress of integrated circuits and optoelectronic chips

引用

Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第10期64卷 103-135页

作者： Yue HAO Shuiying XIANG Genquan HAN Jincheng ZHANG Xiaohua MA Zhangming ZHU Xingxing GUO Yahui ZHANG Yanan HAN Ziwei SONG Yan LIU Ling YANG Hong ZHOU Jiangyi SHI Wei ZHANG Min XU Weisheng ZHAO Biao PAN Yangqi HUANG Qi LIU Yimao CAI Jian ZHU Xin OU Tiangui YOU Huaqiang WU Bin GAO Zhiyong ZHANG Guoping GUO Yonghua CHEN Yong LIU Xiangfei CHEN Chunlai XUE Xingjun WANG Lixia ZHAO Xihua ZOU Lianshan YAN Ming LI School of Microelectronics Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University National Integrated Circuit Innovation Center School of Microelectronics Fudan University School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University China Center for Information Industry Development Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Institute of Microelectronics Peking University Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Center for Carbon-based Electronics Department of Electronics Peking University CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tiangong University Center for Information Photonics and Communications School of Information Science and TechnologySouthwest Jiaotong University School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering

Integrated circuits(ICs) and optoelectronic chips are the foundation stones of the modern information society. The IC industry has been driven by the so-called "Moore's law" in the past 60 years, and now has entered the post Moore's law era. In this paper, we review the recent progress of ICs and optoelectronic chips. The research status, technical challenges and development trend of devices, chips and integrated technologies of typical IC and optoelectronic chips are focused on. The main contents include the development law of IC and optoelectronic chip technology, the IC design and processing technology, emerging memory and chip architecture, brain-like chip structure and its mechanism, heterogeneous integration, quantum chip technology, silicon photonics chip technology, integrated microwave photonic chip, and optoelectronic hybrid integrated chip.

关键词： integrated circuit semiconductor science and technology optoelectronic device and chip photonic integrated circuit wide bandgap semiconductors silicon photonics hybrid integration quantum chip integrated microwave photonic photonic neural computing

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The role of slow manifolds in parameter estimation for a multiscale stochastic system with α-stable Lévy noise

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chao, Ying Wei, Pingyuan Duan, Jinqiao School of Mathematics and Statistics Center for Mathematical Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory for Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Applied Mathematics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL60616 United States

This work is about parameter estimation for a fast-slow stochastic system with non-Gaussian α-stable Lévy noise. When the observations are only available for slow components, a system parameter is estimated and the accuracy for this estimation is quantified by p-moment with p ∈ (1, α), with the help of a reduced system through random slow manifold approximation. This method provides an advantage in computational complexity and cost, due to the dimension reduction in stochastic systems. To numerically illustrate this method, and to corroborate that the parameter estimator based on the reduced slow system is a good approximation for the true parameter value of the original system, a prototypical example is present. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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