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1st Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, LoResLM 2025 - co-located at the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Lasheras, Uriel Pinheiro, Vládia Postgraduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Ceará Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762152

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly central to the development of generative AI across diverse fields. While some anticipate these models may mark a step toward artificial general intelligence, their ability to handle complex causal reasoning remains unproven. Causal reasoning is essential for true general intelligence, particularly at Pearl’s interventional and counterfactual levels. In this work, we introduce ***, a dataset of over 8,000 natural causal questions in Portuguese, collected from real human interactions. Built upon a novel three-axis taxonomy, *** categorizes questions by causal intent, action requirements, and the level of causal reasoning needed (associational, interventional, or counterfactual). Our findings from evaluating ***’s seed questions with GPT-4o reveal that this LLM faces challenges in handling interventional and relation-seeking causal queries. These results suggest limitations in using GPT-4o for extending causal question annotations and highlight the need for improved LLM strategies in causal reasoning. *** provides a foundation for advancing LLM capabilities in causal understanding, particularly for the Portuguese-speaking world. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single Cell Data

Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Yanlei Mezrag, Lydia Sun, Xingzhi Xu, Charles Macdonald, Kincaid Bhaskar, Dhananjay Krishnaswamy, Smita Wolf, Guy Rieck, Bastian Université de Montréal Dept. of Math. & Stat Canada Mila - Quebec AI Institute MontréalQC Canada Yale University Dept. of Comp. Sci. United States Dept. of Genetics United States Applied Mathematics Program New HavenCT United States Université de Fribourg Department of Informatics FR Fribourg Switzerland Helmholtz Zentrum München Institute of AI for Health BY Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The rapidly growing field of single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNAseq) presents challenges for data analysis due to its massive datasets. A common method in manifold learning consists in hypothesizing that datasets lie on a lower dimensional manifold. This allows to study the geometry of point clouds by extracting meaningful descriptors like curvature. In this work, we will present Adaptive Local PCA (AdaL-PCA), a data-driven method for accurately estimating various notions of intrinsic curvature on data manifolds, in particular principal curvatures for surfaces. The model relies on local PCA to estimate the tangent spaces. The evaluation of AdaL-PCA on sampled surfaces shows state-of-the-art results. Combined with a PHATE embedding, the model applied to single-cell RNA sequencing data allows us to identify key variations in the cellular differentiation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gaussian curvature Principal curvature principal directions single-cell

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Characterization and comparative profiling of piRNAs in serum biopsies of pediatric Wilms tumor patients

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Cancer Cell International 2025年第1期25卷 1-15页

作者： Mohamed, Fatma S. Jalal, Deena Fadel, Youssef M. El-Mashtoly, Samir F. Khaled, Wael Z. Sayed, Ahmed A. Ghazy, Mohamed A. Biotechnology Program Institute of Basic and Applied Science Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria New Borg El-Arab City Egypt Biochemistry ProgramFaculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt Genomics and Metagenomics Program Department of Basic Research Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Bioinformatics Group Center for Informatics Science School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert Einstein-Straße 9 Jena 07745 Germany Department of Pediatric Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo Egypt Department of Pediatric Oncology Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Consultant Pediatric Oncology Mouwasat Hospital Dammam Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in transposon silencing and linked to cancer progression. However, their role in Wilms tumors (WT) remains unexplored. We conducted a thorough analysis and characterization of piRNAs in serum liquid biopsies of WT patients. Our study examined their expression patterns and functional annotations related to WT pathogenesis, as well as their clinical potential for diagnosis and monitoring. We identified 307 piRNAs expressed in WT serum samples, with 4% classified as repeat-related and 96% as non-repeat-related. The most abundant repeat-related piRNAs originated from LINEs retrotransposon, while tRNA-derived piRNAs were the most prevalent among non-repeat-related piRNAs. Furthermore, a distinct profile of 34 piRNAs showed significant differential expression in WT patients compared to healthy controls—22 downregulated and 12 upregulated. The target genes of differentially expressed piRNAs exhibited significant enrichment in biological pathways related to cytokine activity, inflammatory responses, TGF-beta signaling, p38 MAPK, and ErbB signaling. These genes are also involved in DNA damage response, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation, as well as kidney development and function. Low expression levels of several piRNAs, especially piR-hsa-1,913,711, piR-hsa-28,190, piR-hsa-28,849, piR-hsa-28,848, and piR-hsa-28,318, showed significant diagnostic potential as non-invasive biomarkers for WT (AUC > 0.8, p < 0.05). Their expression levels also significantly correlated with adverse pathological features, including metastasis, anaplasia, and bilateral WT development. In conclusion, non-transposon-related piRNAs may serve as reliable biomarkers for WT and possess potential non-germline functions, particularly in regulating DNA methylation, cell growth, immune responses, and immune responses. Further studies are warranted to elucidate their functional significance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Blood-based biomarkers Diagnostic potential Non-germline functions Non-transposon-related PiRNAs PiRNAome profiling Wilms tumor

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Drought propagation in an Andean basin in South America: a spatio-temporal analysis approach with monitoring indices

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Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2025年第3期18卷 1-21页

作者： Ocampo-Marulanda, Camilo Mera-Franco, Julián David Lizcano, Víctor Augusto Carvajal-Escobar, Yesid Canchala, Teresita Zorrilla-Millan, Daniel Felipe Caicedo-Bravo, Eduardo Water Resources Engineering and Soil Research Group (IREHISA) School of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia Graduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics Department of Statistics and Informatics Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil School of Exact Sciences and Engineering Universidad Sergio Arboleda Bogotá Colombia Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Mariana Pasto Colombia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia

Drought is a climatic phenomenon that has increased in severity over time. This study analyzed drought spread in the Alto Patía basin (13,047 km2) in South America, applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) to assess meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought, respectively. Synchronous and asynchronous correlations were estimated, and Wavelet analysis was conducted to verify relationships among drought types. Results show that the lag between drought types varies based on the intensity, temporal continuity, and spatial extent of meteorological drought. A lag of zero months (1–2 months) was observed between meteorological and hydrological drought when moderate (severe) meteorological drought partially (fully) covers the basin. Agricultural drought, however, does not always correspond to meteorological drought during isolated rainfall events. As the first study in Colombia to systematically connect these drought types, this research addresses a gap in understanding how drought impacts progress across systems in regions with complex rainfall patterns. These findings offer critical insights into the interdependencies among drought types, supporting enhanced drought monitoring and early warning systems in similar climatic regions. By identifying specific lags between meteorological and hydrological droughts, this study provides practical guidance for land management, water conservation, and crop planning, offering a foundation for future research on drought resilience strategies.

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Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single Cell Data

Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yanlei Zhang Lydia Mezrag Xingzhi Sun Charles Xu Kincaid Macdonald Dhananjay Bhaskar Smita Krishnaswamy Guy Wolf Bastian Rieck Dept. of Math. & Stat. Université de Montréal Mila – Quebec AI Institute Montréal CA Dept. of Comp. Sci. Yale University Dept. of Genetics Applied Mathematics Program New Haven CT USA Helmholtz Zentrum München Institute of AI for Health Munich BY DE Department of Informatics Université de Fribourg Fribourg CH

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

关键词： Manifolds Sequential analysis Adaptation models Data analysis RNA Transcriptomics Curve fitting Speech processing Tuning Principal component analysis

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Telling stories about system use: Capturing collective tacit knowledge for system maintenance

Telling stories about system use: Capturing collective tacit...

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19th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2007

作者： De Oliveira, Adriana Cristina De Araujo, Renata Mendes Borges, Marcos R.S. Program in Informatics IM and NCE UFRJ Brazil Department of Applied Informatics UNIRIO Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781627486613

One of the great system engineering challenges has been how to understand user needs. The evolution of software requirements methodologies and techniques has been motivated by the belief that understanding business, client and user needs is a key activity for successfull system deployment and use. During maintenance, system users are again the most suitable actors able to recognize special kind of information about system use, usually hidden from the system maintenance team. Benefits and problems of using the system in ther daily activities, opinions, suggestions of improvement, beliefs, 'shortcuts' for greater productivity while using the system etc, usually remain as user tacit knowledge. This article presents the use of Group Storytelling as a knowledge capture and sharing technique, intending to use the colaborative creation of stories about the use of information systems as a way to assist software maintenance team activities. Copyright © (2007) by Knowledge Systems Institute (KSI).

关键词： Computer software maintenance

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μ-brkga: A parallel biased random-key genetic algorithm applied to nesting problems 47

μ-brkga: A parallel biased random-key genetic algorithm app...

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47th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering: How Digital Platforms and Industrial Engineering are Transforming Industry and Services, CIE 2017

作者： Amaro, Bonfim Pinheiro, Plácido Rogério Graduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Fortaleza Brazil

The Nesting Problems are a special class of cutting and packing (C&P) problems in which a set of items with arbitrary geometry must be positioned in a surface with a non-fixed length, aiming a minimization of the require area for allocation of all given demand. It is commonly applied in industries that operate in various types of manufacturers and exporters activities (e.g., shipbuilding, clothes, and glass). In this work, we propose a parallel biased random-key genetic algorithm with multiple populations (μ-BRKGA) to the Nesting Problems using a collision-free region (CFR) concept as position method, intending at a more efficient and fastest layout compaction to get "good" solutions. The problem layout of the proposed algorithm, a solution, is represented for placement order in the surface and the corresponding orientation. As the way of to evaluate our (μ-BRKGA) algorithm, computational tests using benchmark instances were applied, discussed and compared with different existing literature methods.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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A Methodology for Risk Management of Generative AI based Systems 32

A Methodology for Risk Management of Generative AI based Sys...

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32nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, SoftCOM 2024

作者： Filho, Raimir Holanda Colares, Daniel University of Fortaleza Postgraduate Program in Applied Informatics Fortaleza Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901382

This paper addresses cybersecurity challenges in integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into applications. It proposes a risk analysis approach that focuses on identifying threats and vulnerabilities exploited by malicious actors, which is validated through a case study on prompt injection attacks. The results demonstrated the efficacy of our approach in identifying and quantifying vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). © 2024 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Cyber Security Generative AI Large Language Models Risk Management

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Task assignment to distributed teams based on a qualitative multi-criteria approach 12

Task assignment to distributed teams based on a qualitative ...

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12th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI 2017

作者： Filho, Marum Simao Pinheiro, Placido Rogerio Albuquerque, Adriano Bessa Graduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza / 7 de Setembro University Center Fortaleza Brazil Graduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Fortaleza Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789899843479

The high growth of companies in recent years has caused the transformation of local markets into global ones. The software industry is not stranger to this transformation and has been looking for effective ways to work in a distributed scenario. A critical activity in distributed projects concerns the assignment of tasks to remote teams. This is a multicriteria decision-making problem and can be supported by Verbal Decision Analysis approaches. This paper describes an approach based on Verbal Decision Analysis methods to aid decision on factors that influence the assignment of tasks to distrubuted teams. The approach is based on the ORCLASS and ZAPROS III-i methods. The first results showed that factors such as 'low turnover rate' and 'team maturity' are among those considered more important, and the factors 'personal trust', 'low labor cost', 'cultural similarities' and 'time zone' were considered less relevant in DSD context. © 2017 AISTI.

关键词： Decision making

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Requirements prioritization in market-driven software: A survey based on large numbers of stakeholders and requirements 10

Requirements prioritization in market-driven software: A sur...

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10th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, QUATIC 2016

作者： Dos Santos, Jorge Romulo Frota Albuquerque, Adriano Bessa Pinheiro, Placido Rogerio University of Fortaleza Graduate Program in Applied Informatics Fortaleza Ceará Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509035816

The launch of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software on the market requires careful planning, which incorporates a requirements prioritization process. Although there are numerous prioritization techniques, few satisfy quality criteria such as scalability, efficiency and ease of use. This research presents a survey of COTS software requirements prioritization to be potentially used by thousands of users. The HCV (Hierarchical Cumulative Voting) requirements prioritization technique was addressed and applied through a web questionnaire directly to potential users. At the end, 80 respondents sent the questionnaire and a score of requirements in ratio scale of measurement was obtained. It was found that the technique applied can respond positively to the needs and characteristics of Market-Driven Software Development, in similar situations to those described. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

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