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An infrastructure software perspective toward computation offloading between executable specifications and foundation models

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 380-382页

作者： Dezhi RAN Mengzhou WU Yuan CAO Assaf MARRON David HAREL Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU) Ministry of Education School of Computer SciencePeking University School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Foundation models(FMs) [1] have revolutionized software development and become the core components of large software systems. This paradigm shift, however, demands fundamental re-imagining of software engineering theories and methodologies [2]. Instead of replacing existing software modules implemented by symbolic logic, incorporating FMs' capabilities to build software systems requires entirely new modules that leverage the unique capabilities of ***, while FMs excel at handling uncertainty, recognizing patterns, and processing unstructured data, we need new engineering theories that support the paradigm shift from explicitly programming and maintaining user-defined symbolic logic to creating rich, expressive requirements that FMs can accurately perceive and implement.

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DP-ARTS: Dynamic Prioritization for Adaptive Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第3期52卷 793-807页

作者： BEN ALLA, Hicham BEN ALLA, Said EZZATI, Abdellah Computer Science Mathematics and Computer Science Department Science and Technical Faculty Hassan 1 University Settat Morocco Embedded Systems and Computer Science National School of Applied Sciences of Berrechid Hassan 1 University Settat Morocco

Efficient task scheduling and resource allocation are essential for optimizing performance in cloud computing environments. The presence of priority constraints necessitates advanced solutions capable of addressing the increased complexity in the task scheduling process and resource allocation management. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, Dynamic Prioritization and Adaptive Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling (DP-ARTS), to tackle these challenges by integrating dynamic task prioritization with adaptive resource allocation and scheduling strategies. Our approach introduces a scoring mechanism to prioritize tasks based on deadlines, resource requirements, and other critical characteristics. Furthermore, we utilize K-means clustering to group Virtual Machines (VMs) according to their capabilities, facilitating more efficient task-to-VM mapping. Through simulations conducted with real-world workload traces in the CloudSim toolkit, DP-ARTS demonstrates superior performance in reducing makespan and energy consumption, while also improving resource utilization and load balancing compared to existing solutions. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： K-means clustering

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Simpler Optimal Sorting from a Directed Acyclic Graph 8

Simpler Optimal Sorting from a Directed Acyclic Graph

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8th SIAM Symposium on Simplicity of Algorithms, SOSA 2025

作者： van der Hoog, Ivor Rotenberg, Eva Rutschmann, Daniel Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781611978315

Fredman proposed in 1976 the following algorithmic problem: Given are a ground set X, some partial order P over X, and some comparison oracle OL that specifies a linear order L over X that extends P. A query to OL has as input distinct x, x′ ∈ X and outputs whether x ′ or vice versa. If we denote by e(P) the number of linear orders that extend P, then it follows from basic information theory that log e(P) is a worst-case lower bound on the number of queries needed to output the sorted order of X. Fredman did not specify in what form the partial order is given. Haeupler, Hladík, Iacono, Rozhon, Tarjan, and Tětek ('24) propose to assume as input a directed acyclic graph, G, with m edges and n = |X| vertices. Denote by PG the partial order induced by G. Their algorithmic performance is measured in running time and the number of queries used, where they use Θ(m + n + log e(PG)) time and Θ(log e(PG)) queries to output X in its sorted order. Their algorithm is worst-case optimal, both in terms of running time and queries. Their analysis relies upon sophisticated counting arguments using entropy, recursively defined sets defined over the run of their algorithm, and vertices in the graph that they identify as bottlenecks for sorting. We do away with sophistication. We show that when the input is a directed acyclic graph then the problem admits a simple solution using Θ(m + n + log e(PG)) time and Θ(log e(PG)) queries. Especially our proofs are much simpler as we avoid the usage of advanced charging arguments, and instead rely upon two observations. Copyright © 2025 by SIAM.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Enhanced MADM Strategy with Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Distance Metrics

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 78卷 74-96页

作者： Eassa, Mohamed Myvizhi, M. Elkholy, Mohamed Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Elbehiery, Hussam Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Mathematics KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Faculty of Computer Science& Engineering Alamein International University Egypt

In this work, a novel methodological approach to multi-attribute decision-making problems is developed and the notion of Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Set Distance Measures (HNSDM) is introduced. By averaging the Penta-Partitioned Neutrosophic Distance Measures under particular conditional criteria, the suggested technique ranks the options. Additionally, we explore the fundamental characteristics of HNSDM and provide several illustrative theorems. The Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Set Distance Measures are formulated based on the Hepta Neutrosophic Set. Lastly, a practical numerical example is provided to illustrate the efficacy of the suggested methodology. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic set Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic set and MADM strategy Heptapartitioned set Neutrosophic sine distance measure

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Mathematical modelling of the dynamics of typhoid fever and two modes of treatment in a Health District in Cameroon

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Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 2025年第2期22卷 477-510页

作者： Tsafack, Thierry Jimy Kum, Cletus Kwa Tassé, Arsène Jaurès Ouemba Tsanou, Berge Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science University of Dschang P.O. Box 67 Dschang Cameroon Department of Mathematics Higher Teacher Training College - Bambili The University of Bamenda P.O. Box 39 Bambili Cameroon School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Pretoria South Africa IRD Sorbonne University UMMISCO BondyF-93143 France

In this paper, we propose a novel mathematical model for indirectly transmitted typhoid fever disease that incorporates the use of modern and traditional medicines as modes of treatment. Theoretically, we provide two Lyapunov functions to prove the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium (EE) when the basic reproduction number (R0) is less than one and greater than one, respectively. The model is calibrated using the number of cumulative cases reported in the Penka-Michel health district in Cameroon. The parameter estimates thus obtained give a value of R0 = 1.2058 > 1,which indicates that the disease is endemic in the region. The forecast of the outbreak up to November 2026 suggests that the number of cases will be 21,270, which calls for urgent attention on this endemic disease. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the basic reproduction number is conducted, and the main parameters that impact the widespread of the disease are determined. The analysis highlights that the environmental transmission rate β and the decay rate µb of the bacteria in the environment are the most influential parameters for R0. This underscores the urgent need for potable water and adequate sanitation within this area to reduce the spread of the disease. Numerically, we illustrate the usefulness of recourse to any mode of treatment to lessen the number of infected cases and the necessity of switching from modern treatment to the traditional treatment, a useful adjuvant therapy. Conversely, we show that the relapse phenomenon increases the burden of the disease. Hence adopting a synergistic therapy approach will significantly mitigate typhoid disease cases and overcome the cycle of poverty within the afflicted communities. © 2025 the Author(s)

关键词： Medicinal chemistry

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Asymmetry and Condition Number of an Elliptic-Parabolic System for Biological Network Formation

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应用数学与计算数学学报 2025年第1期7卷 78-94页

作者： Clarissa Astuto Daniele Boffi Jan Haskovec Peter Markowich Giovanni Russo Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology4700 ThuwalSaudi Arabia Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology4700 ThuwalSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics"F.Casorati" University of Pavia27100 PaviaItaly Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology4700 ThuwalSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of Vienna1090 ViennaAustria Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Catania95125 CataniaItaly

We present results of numerical simulations of the tensor-valued elliptic-parabolic PDE model for biological network *** numerical method is based on a nonlinear finite difference scheme on a uniform Cartesian grid in a two-dimensional(2D)*** focus is on the impact of different discretization methods and choices of regularization parameters on the symmetry of the numerical *** particular,we show that using the symmetric alternating direction implicit(ADI)method for time discretization helps preserve the symmetry of the solution,compared to the(non-symmetric)ADI ***,we study the effect of the regularization by the isotropic background perme-ability r＞0,showing that the increased condition number of the elliptic problem due to decreasing value of r leads to loss of *** show that in this case,neither the use of the symmetric ADI method preserves the symmetry of the ***,we perform the numerical error analysis of our method making use of the Wasserstein distance.

关键词： Bionetwork formation Cai-Hu model Leaf venation Asymmetry Conditioning number Finite-difference scheme Semi-implicit Symmetric alternating direction implicit(ADI) Wasserstein distance

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Hierarchical GraphCut Phase Unwrapping based on Invariance of Diffeomorphisms Framework

IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing

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IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing 2025年 6卷 546-554页

作者： Gao, Xiang Wang, Xinmu Zhao, Zhou Huang, Junqi Gu, Xianfeng David Department of Computer science Stony Brook University NY USA Deparment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook University NY USA

Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in 3D scanning technologies, with diverse applications spanning VR/AR, digital human creation, and medical imaging. Structured-light scanning with phase-shifting techniques is preferred for its use of non-radiative, low-intensity visible light and high accuracy, making it well suited for human-centric applications such as capturing 4D facial dynamics. A key step in these systems is phase unwrapping, which recovers continuous phase values from measurements that are inherently wrapped modulo 2π. The goal is to estimate the unwrapped phase count k, an integer-valued variable in the equation Φ = ∅ + 2πk, where ∅ is the wrapped phase and Φ is the true phase. However, the presence of noise, occlusions, and piecewise continuous phase functions induced by complex 3D surface geometry makes the inverse reconstruction of the true phase extremely challenging. This is because phase unwrapping is an inherently ill-posed problem: measurements only provide modulo 2π values, and recovering the correct unwrapped phase count requires strong assumptions about the smoothness or continuity of the underlying 3D surface. Existing methods typically involve a trade-off between speed and accuracy: Fast approaches lack precision, while accurate algorithms are too slow for real-time use. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a novel phase unwrapping framework that reformulates GraphCut-based unwrapping as a pixel-labeling problem. This framework helps significantly improve the estimation of the unwrapped phase count k through the invariance property of diffeomorphisms applied in image space via conformal and optimal transport (OT) maps. An odd number of diffeomorphisms are precomputed from the input phase data, and a hierarchical GraphCut algorithm is applied in each corresponding domain. The resulting label maps are fused via majority voting to efficiently and robustly estimate the unwrapped phase count k at each pixel, using an odd nu

关键词： Transillumination

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Relation extraction with enhanced self-attention model for SOV word order languages: Persian case study

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International Journal of Data science and Analytics 2025年 1-16页

作者： Ganjalipour, Ebrahim Refahi Sheikhani, Amir Hossein Kordrostami, Sohrab Hosseinzadeh, Ali Asghar Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University Lahijan Iran

Relation extraction (RE) is a fundamental task in natural language processing, and it is of crucial significance to applications such as structured search, sentiment analysis, question answering, and summarization. RE involves the identification of relations between entities, which is a challenging task for languages with low digital resources. This task becomes intricate in languages with pronoun-dropping and subject–object–verb (SOV) word order specifications, such as Persian, due to their distinctive syntactic structures. In the context of low-resource languages like Persian, this study proposes a customized model based on linguistic properties. Leveraging pronoun-dropping and subject–object–verb (SOV) word order specifications of Persian, we introduce an innovative enhancement: a novel weighted relative positional encoding integrated into the self-attention mechanism. Moreover, we enrich context representations by infusing co-occurrence information through pointwise mutual information factors. The outcomes highlight the potential of our method in relation extraction for SOV languages, shedding light on the role of syntax in enhancing NLP tasks in such linguistic contexts. We have trained and tested our model on Persian and English RE datasets. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms other existing Persian relation extraction (RE) models. Furthermore, our in-depth ablation study and case study show that our system can converge faster and is less prone to overfitting. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Question answering

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New logarithmic step size for stochastic gradient descent

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第1期19卷 109-118页

作者： Mahsa Soheil SHAMAEE Sajad Fathi HAFSHEJANI Zeinab SAEIDIAN Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematical ScienceUniversity of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran Department of Applied Mathematics Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz 13876-71557Iran Department of Mathematical Sciences University of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran

In this paper, we propose a novel warm restart technique using a new logarithmic step size for the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) approach. For smooth and non-convex functions, we establish an O(1/√T) convergence rate for the SGD. We conduct a comprehensive implementation to demonstrate the efficiency of the newly proposed step size on the FashionMinst, CIFAR10, and CIFAR100 datasets. Moreover, we compare our results with nine other existing approaches and demonstrate that the new logarithmic step size improves test accuracy by 0.9% for the CIFAR100 dataset when we utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) model.

关键词： stochastic gradient descent logarithmic step size warm restart technique

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Unsupervised Assessment of Landscape Shifts Based on Persistent Entropy and Topological Preservation 1st

Unsupervised Assessment of Landscape Shifts Based on Persi...

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1st International Workshop on Discovering Drift Phenomena in Evolving Landscapes, DELTA 2024

作者： Basterrech, Sebastián Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9783031823459

Concept drift typically refers to the analysis of changes in data distribution. A drift in the input data can have negative consequences on a learning predictor and the system’s stability. The majority of concept drift methods emphasize the analysis of statistical changes in non-stationary data over time. In this context, we consider a slightly different perspective, where concept drift also integrates significant changes in the topological characteristics of the data *** this article, we introduce a novel framework for monitoring changes in multi-dimensional data streams. We explore variations in the topological structures of the data, presenting another angle on the standard concept *** developed approach is based on persistent entropy and topology-preserving projections in a continual learning scenario. The framework operates in both unsupervised and supervised environments. To show the utility of the proposed framework, we analyze the model across three scenarios using data streams generated with MNIST samples. The obtained results reveal the potential of applying topological data analysis for shift detection and encourage further research in this area. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Concept Drift Dimensionality reduction Distribution shifts Persistent entropy Self-organizing maps

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