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The Human-or-Machine Matter: Turing-Inspired Reflections on an Everyday Issue

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Harel, David Marron, Assaf Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel

In his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Alan Turing introduced the "imitation game" as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate, refinement and extension. Here we sidestep the question of whether a particular machine can be labeled intelligent, or can be said to match human capabilities in a given context. Instead, we first draw attention to the seemingly simpler question a person may ask themselves in an everyday interaction: "Am I interacting with a human or with a machine?". We then shift the focus from seeking a method for eliciting the answer, and, rather, reflect upon the importance and significance of this Human-or-Machine question and the use one may make of a reliable answer thereto. Whereas Turing's original test is widely considered to be more of a thought experiment, the Human-or-Machine matter as discussed here has obvious practical relevance. While it is still unclear if and when machines will be able to mimic human behavior with high fidelity in everyday contexts, we argue that near-term exploration of the issues raised here can contribute to refinement of methods for developing computerized systems, and may also lead to new insights into fundamental characteristics of human behavior. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Behavioral research

Internal-Coordinate Density Modelling of Protein Structure: Covariance Matters

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Arts, Marloes Frellsen, Jes Boomsma, Wouter Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Denmark

After the recent ground-breaking advances in protein structure prediction, one of the remaining challenges in protein machine learning is to reliably predict distributions of structural states. Parametric models of fluctuations are difficult to fit due to complex covariance structures between degrees of freedom in the protein chain, often causing models to either violate local or global structural constraints. In this paper, we present a new strategy for modelling protein densities in internal coordinates, which uses constraints in 3D space to induce covariance structure between the internal degrees of freedom. We illustrate the potential of the procedure by constructing a variational autoencoder with full covariance output induced by the constraints implied by the conditional mean in 3D, and demonstrate that our approach makes it possible to scale density models of internal coordinates to full protein backbones in two settings: 1) a unimodal setting for proteins exhibiting small fluctuations and limited amounts of available data, and 2) a multimodal setting for larger conformational changes in a high data regime. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

Correction to: A New Abadie-Type Constraint Qualification for General Optimization Problems

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Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 2023年第2期199卷 856-861页

作者： Alavi Hejazi, M. Movahedian, N. Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) Tehran Iran Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran

The publication “ J. Optim. Theory Appl. 186, 86–101 (2020). https://***/10.1007/s10957-020-01691-0 ” requires minor modifications which are carried out.

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My part is bigger than yours - assessment within a group of peers

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kulakowski, Konrad Szybowski, Jacek AGH University of Krakow WEAIiIB Applied Computer Science Department Poland AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Applied Mathematics Poland

A project (e.g., writing a collaborative research paper) is often a group effort. At the end, each contributor identifies their contribution, often verbally. The reward, however, is very frequently financial. It leads to the question of what (percentage) share in the creation of the paper is due to individual authors. Different authors may have various opinions on the matter;even worse, their opinions may have different relevance. In this paper, we present simple models that allow aggregation of experts’ views, linking the priority of his preference directly to the assessment made by other experts. In this approach, the more significant the contribution of a given expert, the greater the importance of his opinion. The presented method can be considered an attempt to find consensus among peers involved in the same project. Hence, its applications may go beyond the proposed study example of writing a scientific paper. © 2024, CC BY.

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MSc thesis- A quantum pseudo-integrable Hamiltonian impact system

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yaniv, Omer Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel

A quantization of a toy model of a pseudointegrable Hamiltonian impact system is introduced, including EBK quantization conditions, a verification of Weyl’s law, the study of their wavefunctions and a study of their energy levels properties. It is demonstrated that the energy levels statistics are similar to those of pseudointegrable billiards. Yet, here, the density of wavefunctions which concentrate on projections of classical level sets to the configuration space does not disappear at large energies, suggesting that there is no equidistribution in the configuration space in the large energy limit;this is shown analytically for some limit symmetric cases and is demonstrated numerically for some nonsymmetric cases. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Wave functions

LOCAL FOURIER ANALYSIS OF p-MULTIGRID FOR HIGH-ORDER FINITE ELEMENT OPERATORS

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LOCAL FOURIER ANALYSIS OF p-MULTIGRID FOR HIGH-ORDER FINITE ...

作者： Thompson, Jeremy L. Brown, Jed He, Yunhui Department of Computer Science University of Colorado BoulderCO80309-0430 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Multigrid methods are popular for solving linear systems derived from discretizing PDEs. Local Fourier analysis (LFA) is a technique for investigating and tuning multigrid methods. P-multigrid is popular for high-order or spectral finite element methods, especially on unstructured meshes. In this paper, we introduce ***, a new Julia package for LFA of high-order finite element methods. *** analyzes preconditioning techniques for arbitrary systems of second order PDEs and supports mixed finite element methods. Specifically, we develop LFA of p-multigrid with arbitrary second-order PDEs using high-order finite element discretizations and examine the performance of Jacobi and Chebyshev smoothing for two-grid schemes with aggressive p-coarsening. A natural extension of this LFA framework is the analysis of h-multigrid for finite element discretizations or finite difference discretizations that can be represented in the language of finite elements. With this extension, we can replicate previous work on the LFA of h-multigrid for arbitrary order discretizations using a convenient and extensible abstraction. Examples in one, two, and three dimensions are presented to validate our LFA of p-multigrid for the Laplacian and linear elasticity. © 2023 Society for Industrial and applied mathematics.

关键词： Fourier analysis

三元混合纳米流体(TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-MoS_(2)/煤油)流过旋转圆盘时的二次热辐射和Cattaneo-Christov模型

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Journal of Central South University 2023年第4期30卷 1262-1278页

作者： SINGH Shiv Pratap KUMAR Manoj YASEEN Moh RAWAT Sawan Kumar Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceGovind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar 263145UttarakhandIndia Department of Applied Science Meerut Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMeerut 250005Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Mathematics Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)Dehradun 248002UttarakhandIndia

本文研究了Cattaneo-Christov模型(C-C模型)和对流边界条件下的二次热辐射对三元混合纳米流体(TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-MoS_(2)/煤油)流过旋转圆盘过程的影响,并研究了Darcy-Forchheimer多孔介质和吸入/注射的影响。比较分析了三元混合纳米流体... 详细信息

本文研究了Cattaneo-Christov模型(C-C模型)和对流边界条件下的二次热辐射对三元混合纳米流体(TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-MoS_(2)/煤油)流过旋转圆盘过程的影响,并研究了Darcy-Forchheimer多孔介质和吸入/注射的影响。比较分析了三元混合纳米流体(TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-MoS_(2)/煤油)与混合纳米流体(TiO2-SiO2/煤油)。通过von Karman转换将偏微分方程集合转变为常微分方程,并通过MATLAB中的bvp4c函数对其求解。图表结果反映了径向、切向速度和传热速度的变化。讨论了各种参数的影响,包括磁场、Forchheimer数、孔隙率参数、滑移参数、辐射参数、热弛豫、混合对流、吸入/注射、Biot数、发热/热吸收、体积分数。发现较高的辐射值和热弛豫参数可以提高传热速率。本研究将对使用纳米流体的学科领域具有一定的参考价值,如运输过程、旋转的机械系统、协同旋转的涡轮系统、增强型油回收系统、医疗等。

关键词：三元混合纳米流体 Darcy-Forchheimer 多孔介质混合对流吸入/注射二次热辐射发热/吸收滑移效应

Identifying Competence Gaps and Student Struggle by Monitoring Testing Performance 25

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Identifying Competence Gaps and Student Struggle by Monitori...

Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Software Engineering Education

作者： Axel Böttcher Veronika Thurner Department of Computer Science and Mathematics HM Hochschule München University of Applied Sciences München Germany

On Erlang mixture approximations for differential equations with distributed time delays

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ritschel, Tobias K.S. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark

In this paper, we propose a general approach for approximate simulation and analysis of delay differential equations (DDEs) with distributed time delays based on methods for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The key innovation is that we 1) approximate the kernel by the probability density function of an Erlang mixture and 2) use the linear chain trick to transform the approximate DDEs to ODEs. Furthermore, we prove that an approximation with infinitely many terms converges for continuous and bounded kernels and for specific choices of the coefficients. We compare the steady states of the original DDEs and their stability criteria to those of the approximate system of ODEs, and we propose an approach based on bisection and least-squares estimation for determining optimal parameter values in the approximation. Finally, we present numerical examples that demonstrate the accuracy and convergence rate obtained with the optimal parameters and the efficacy of the proposed approach for bifurcation analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. The numerical examples involve a modified logistic equation and a point reactor kinetics model of a molten salt nuclear fission *** Codes 37M05, 39B99, 41A30, 65D15, 65P99, 65Q20 Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability density function