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Synergizing vision transformer with ensemble of deep learning model for accurate kidney stone detection using CT imaging

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 127卷 357-373页

作者： Alzughaibi, Arwa Alanazi, Adwan A. Alshahrani, Mohammed Hilali Jaghdam, Ines Hassaballa, Abaker A. Applied college Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hail Hail Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Applied College Najran University Najran66462 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Applied College Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar73213 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Northern Border University Arar73213 Saudi Arabia

The disease of Kidney stones is a risky disease for individuals all over the world. Many people with kidney stones in the early phase do not detect it as an illness, and it harms the organ gradually. Precise analysis of kidney illness is vital, as it is a major health concern that needs accurate detection for appropriate and effective treatment. CT scans are one of the most extensively accessible imaging models, and they are employed for effective diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) techniques are gradually identified as beneficial tools for analyzing illness in the medical field. However, present techniques employing deep networks often meet low accuracy and overfitting challenges, demanding further alteration for optimum performance. This study presents a Leveraging Flying Foxes Optimization with an Ensemble of Deep Learning for Accurate Kidney Stone Detection (LFFOEDL-AKSD) technique in CT scans. The presented LFFOEDL-AKSD technique mainly focuses on detecting kidney stones using CI imaging. At first, the presented LFFOEDL-AKSD technique applies the pre-processing phase, which involves image resizing for uniform CT scan dimensions and data augmentation through transformations like rotation and flipping to reduce overfitting, sobel filtering (SF) sharpens edges, and the data is separated into training, validation, and testing sets for model development. The presented LFFOEDL-AKSD technique employs the swin transformer (ST) model for the feature extraction method. Furthermore, the majority voting ensemble of three DL approaches, such as the graph convolutional network (GCN), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and three-dimensional convolutional autoencoder (3D-CAE) approaches, are employed to increase the precision and reliability of the kidney stone recognition. Finally, the presented LFFOEDL-AKSD technique implements the flying foxes optimization (FFO) approach for the hyperparameter tuning involved in the ensemble learning models. An extensive experiment is conduct

关键词： Flying foxes optimization Ensemble deep learning Kidney stone detection CI imaging Swin transformer

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Explain the Explainer: Interpreting Model-Agnostic Counterfactual Explanations of a Deep Reinforcement Learning Agent

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第4期5卷 1443-1457页

作者： Chen, Ziheng Silvestri, Fabrizio Tolomei, Gabriele Wang, Jia Zhu, He Ahn, Hongshik Stony Brook University Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony BrookNY11794 United States Sapienza University of Rome Department of Computer Engineering The Department of Computer Science Rome00185 Italy Xi'An Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Intelligent Science Suzhou215000 China Rutgers University-New Brunswick Department of Computer Science PiscatawayNJ08854 United States

Counterfactual examples (CFs) are one of the most popular methods for attaching post hoc explanations to machine learning models. However, existing CF generation methods either exploit the internals of specific models or depend on each sample's neighborhood;thus, they are hard to generalize for complex models and inefficient for large datasets. This article aims to overcome these limitations and introduces ReLAX, a model-agnostic algorithm to generate optimal counterfactual explanations. Specifically, we formulate the problem of crafting CFs as a sequential decision-making task. We then find the optimal CFs via deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with discrete-continuous hybrid action space. In addition, we develop a distillation algorithm to extract decision rules from the DRL agent's policy in the form of a decision tree to make the process of generating CFs itself interpretable. Extensive experiments conducted on six tabular datasets have shown that ReLAX outperforms existing CF generation baselines, as it produces sparser counterfactuals, is more scalable to complex target models to explain, and generalizes to both the classification and regression tasks. Finally, we show the ability of our method to provide actionable recommendations and distill interpretable policy explanations in two practical real-world use cases. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Availability assessment of repairable linear consecutive k-out-of-n: F systems incorporating uncertainty and multiple failure modes

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Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering 2025年 1-10页

作者： Khati, Amisha Singh, S.B. Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India Department of Applied Science and Humanities RIT Roorkee India

This study evaluates the interval-valued availability of a linear consecutive k-out-of-n: F system while considering uncertainty, where the probability that the system will perform as intended is not known with precision. The proposed system is susceptible to µ number of different failure modes and undergoes periodic inspections. Each failure mode has a randomly assigned failure time, and upon failure due to the mth failure mode, an immediate corrective repair is carried out, taking an arbitrary length of time ψm (m = 1, 2,…, µ). By integrating these factors, this research establishes theorems describing point and steady-state availability bounds. Subsequently, it conducts a sensitivity assessment to evaluate how variations in the inspection period affect the system’s availability. The findings are demonstrated with an instance of an oil pipeline system. This study offers valuable insights into the reliability and availability modelling of complex systems under uncertainty, with applications across diverse engineering domains. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reliability and Safety (SRESA) 2025.

关键词： Interval valued point availability Interval valued steady state availability Linear consecutive k-out-of n: F system Multiple failure modes Sensitivity analysis Uncertainty

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The inverse nullity pair problem and the strong nullity interlacing property

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Linear Algebra and Its Applications 2024年 699卷 539-568页

作者： Abiad, Aida Curtis, Bryan A. Flagg, Mary Hall, H. Tracy Lin, Jephian C.-H. Shader, Bryan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Mathematics: Analysis Logic and Discrete Mathematics Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department of Mathematics Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science University of St. Thomas HoustonTX United States Hall Labs LLC ProvoUT United States Department of Applied Mathematics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan University of Wyoming Colorado United States

The inverse eigenvalue problem studies the possible spectra among matrices whose off-diagonal entries have their zero-nonzero patterns described by the adjacency of a graph G. In this paper, we refer to the i-nullity pair of a matrix A as (null(A),null(A(i)), where A(i) is the matrix obtained from A by removing the i-th row and column. The inverse i-nullity pair problem is considered for complete graphs, cycles, and trees. The strong nullity interlacing property is introduced, and the corresponding supergraph lemma and decontraction lemma are developed as new tools for constructing matrices with a given nullity pair. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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HS–WOA–MANET: a hybrid meta-heuristic approach-based multi-objective constraints for energy efficient routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks

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Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments 2024年第2期10卷 151-176页

作者： Goswami, Subhrananda Mondal, Sukumar Johardar, Subhankar Das, Chandan Bikash Research Centre of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Computer Science Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University Midnapore India Department of Mathematics Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College Midnapore India Department of Computer Science Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia India Department of Mathematics Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya Tamluk India

A self-organizing, reconfigurable, and structure-less wireless network that provides intended communications without any radio infrastructure is called the mobile ad hoc network (MANETs). It is generally utilized in special outside occasions, locations, military surgeries, and natural disasters. In MANET, providing security is the primary issue because of the adoption of network structures. Moreover, the modifications in dynamic topologies expose the strike selection, such as routing, eavesdropping, and alteration of several programs. If MANET has several privacy and security issues, then it may surpass the quality of services (QoS). Hence, the security in MANET is guaranteed by using intrusion tracking approaches. This intrusion tracking system regulates the MANET in recognizing some other violation weaknesses. High protections are provided by detecting intrusions from the entire network, which includes attacks that are beyond the network layer. The nodes are not merely altered by the power collapse in the system, but it is also capable of transferring the packets in the network, which depends on the total system life. An effective routing protocol is designed to select the optimal paths for enhancing navigation in MANETs. Moreover, the terms secure routing and energy efficiency are critical problems when changing the network topology and limiting resources with this kind of network. A hybridized optimization-aided routing strategy is offered in this research work to provide an energy-efficient routing protocol. At the initial stage, the experimentation is conducted based on the sensor nodes in MANET. Since the existing models are ineffective in achieving high energy efficiency, the new routing protocol is developed by proposing the hybrid optimization algorithm. Accordingly, the suggested work is regarded for optimizing the shortest path in the routing model by using the Hybrid Sailfish Optimizer and Whale Optimization Algorithm (HS-WOA). To validate the network e

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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Inductive Inference and Epistemic Modal Logic 31

Inductive Inference and Epistemic Modal Logic

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31st EACSL Annual Conference on computer science Logic, CSL 2023

作者： Gierasimczuk, Nina Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772648

This paper is concerned with a link between inductive inference and dynamic epistemic logic. The bridge was first introduced in [20, 21, 22]. We present a synthetic view on subsequent contributions: inductive truth-tracking properties of belief revision policies seen as belief upgrade methods;topological interpretation and characterisation of inductive inference;discussion of the adequacy of the topological semantics of modal logic for characterising inductive inference. We briefly present the topological Dynamic Logic for Learning Theory. Finally, we discuss several surprising results obtained in computational inductive inference that challenge the usual understanding of certainty, and of rational inquiry as consistent and conservative learning. © Nina Gierasimczuk.

关键词： computer circuits

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The Formulation of Finite Difference RBFWENO Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws:An Alternative Technique

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Advances in applied mathematics and Mechanics 2023年第4期15卷 1023-1055页

作者： Rooholah Abedian Mehdi Dehghan School of Engineering Science College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranIran Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Computer ScienceAmirkabir University of TechnologyNo.424Hafez Ave.TehranIran

To solve conservation laws,efficient schemes such as essentially nonoscillatory(ENO)and weighted ENO(WENO)have been introduced to control the Gibbs *** on radial basis functions(RBFs)with the classical WENO-JS weights,a new type of WENO schemes has been proposed to solve conservation laws[*** et al.,***.,70(2017),pp.551–575].The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new formulation of conservative finite difference RBFWENO schemes to solve conservation *** the usual method for reconstructing the flux functions,the flux function is generated directly with the conservative *** with Guo and Jung(2017),the main advantage of this framework is that arbitrary monotone fluxes can be employed,while in Guo and Jung(2017)only smooth flux splitting can be used to reconstruct flux *** 1D and 2D benchmark problems are prepared to demonstrate the good performance of the new scheme.

关键词： Weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme radial basis functions interpolation ﬁnite difference method hyperbolic conservation laws

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Multilevel Skeletonization Using Local Separators 39

Multilevel Skeletonization Using Local Separators

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39th International Symposium on Computational Geometry, SoCG 2023

作者： Bærentzen, J. Andreas Christensen, Rasmus Emil Gæde, Emil Toftegaard Rotenberg, Eva Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772730

In this paper we give a new, efficient algorithm for computing curve skeletons, based on local separators. Our efficiency stems from a multilevel approach, where we solve small problems across levels of detail and combine these in order to quickly obtain a skeleton. We do this in a highly modular fashion, ensuring complete flexibility in adapting the algorithm for specific types of input or for otherwise targeting specific applications. Separator based skeletonization was first proposed by Bærentzen and Rotenberg in [ACM Tran. Graphics'21], showing high quality output at the cost of running times which become prohibitive for large inputs. Our new approach retains the high quality output, and applicability to any spatially embedded graph, while being orders of magnitude faster for all practical purposes. We test our skeletonization algorithm for efficiency and quality in practice, comparing it to local separator skeletonization on the University of Groningen Skeletonization Benchmark [Telea'16]. © J. Andreas Bærentzen, Rasmus Emil Christensen, Emil Toftegaard Gæde, and Eva Rotenberg;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0.

关键词： Separators

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Two-Stage Secure Bottom-Up Load Coordination Mechanism in Distribution Grids 11

Two-Stage Secure Bottom-Up Load Coordination Mechanism in Di...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2023

作者： Banaei, Mohsen Ebrahimy, Razgar Madsen, Henrik Technical University of Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340716

Demand-side flexibility as a new source of ancillary services is attracting growing attention. Aggregation and coordination mechanisms are needed to efficiently use the demand side flexibility. This paper proposes a new secure two-stage bottom-up coordination mechanism that ensures the quality of service (QoS) for customers and facilitates improved services for both distribution and transmission system operators. In the first stage of the proposed method, the interaction between aggregators and controllable loads is addressed. In the second stage, the interactions between the DSO and aggregators are addressed. Commitments of the aggregators to follow their scheduled power in the electricity market are also taken into account in the proposed framework. The proposed method is applied to a test system with two areas supplied by two transformers with some uncontrollable loads, 70 PV/battery setups, and 80 heating systems supplied by heat pumps (HP) that are in contract with two aggregators. Simulation results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method in preventing transformers' overload and reducing their loading by up to 27% while increasing the total electricity cost of customers with controllable devices by about 4.6%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Optimization Analysis of Bus Operation Scheduling Considering Passenger and Cargo Sharing under Uncertain Demand

Optimization Analysis of Bus Operation Scheduling Considerin...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Li, Jiacheng Noto, Masato Zhang, Yang Kanagawa University Department of Applied Systems and Mathematics Yokohama Japan Kanagawa University Department of Computer Science Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

In view of the problems faced during the ongoing development of public transport, such as departure intervals that are too long, low occupancy rates, difficulties making a profit, and high express delivery costs, bus operation and scheduling models that consider passenger and cargo sharing have been attracting attention. In this work, considering the interests of both bus companies and passengers, we propose a bus operation scheduling optimization model that ensures the largest revenue for urban and rural bus companies and the shortest travel time for passengers under uncertain demand. We also design a particle group genetic algorithm for use with this model. The results of a case study set in China demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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