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COVID-19 Infected Lung Computed Tomography Segmentation and Supervised Classification Approach

computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 391-407页

作者： Aqib Ali Wali Khan Mashwani Samreen Naeem Muhammad Irfan Uddin Wiyada Kumam Poom Kumam Hussam Alrabaiah Farrukh Jamal Christophe Chesneau Department of Computer Science Concordia College BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science&IT Glim Institute of Modern StudiesBahawalpur63100Pakistan Institute of Numerical Sciences Kohat University of Science&TechnologyKohat26000Pakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat26000Pakistan Program in Applied Statistics Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceFaculty of Science and TechnologyRajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiThanyaburi12110Thailand Departments of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceCenter of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science(TaCS-CoE)&KMUTT Fixed Point Research LaboratoryRoom SCL 802 Fixed Point LaboratoryScience Laboratory BuildingKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)Bangkok10140Thailand Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalTaichung40402Taiwan College of Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain64141United Arab Emirates Department of Mathematics Tafila Technical UniversityTafila66110Jordan Department of Statistics The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan 11Department of MathematicsUniversitéde CaenLMNOCaen14032France

The purpose of this research is the segmentation of lungs computed tomography(CT)scan for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by using machine learning *** dataset contains data from patients who are prone to the *** contains three types of lungs CT images(Normal,Pneumonia,and COVID-19)collected from two different sources;the first one is the Radiology Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur,Pakistan,and the second one is a publicly free available medical imaging database known as *** the preprocessing,a novel fuzzy c-mean automated region-growing segmentation approach is deployed to take an automated region of interest(ROIs)and acquire 52 hybrid statistical features for each ***,12 optimized statistical features are selected via the chi-square feature reduction *** the classification,five machine learning classifiers named as deep learning J4,multilayer perceptron,support vector machine,random forest,and naive Bayes are deployed to optimize the hybrid statistical features *** is observed that the deep learning J4 has promising results(sensitivity and specificity:0.987;accuracy:98.67%)among all the deployed *** a complementary study,a statistical work is devoted to the use of a new statistical model to fit the main datasets of COVID-19 collected in Pakistan.

关键词： COVID-19 machine learning fuzzy c-mean deep learning J4

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Deep Learning with Backtracking Search Optimization Based Skin Lesion Diagnosis Model

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1297-1313页

作者： C.S.S.Anupama L.Natrayan E.Laxmi Lydia Abdul Rahaman Wahab Sait Jose Escorcia-Gutierrez Margarita Gamarra Romany F.Mansour Department of Electronics&Instrumentation Engineering V.R.Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada520007India Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSIMATSChennai602105India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Archives and Communication King Faisal University31982Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Electronic and Telecommunicacions Program Universidad Autonoma del CaribeBarranquilla08001Colombia Department of Computational Science and Electronic Universidad de la CostaCUCBarranquilla08001Colombia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga72511Egypt

Nowadays,quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data,at a reasonable cost,are highly challenging tasks in healthcare *** of Things(IoT)and Cloud Computing(CC)architectures are utilized in the development of smart healthcare *** entities can support real-time applications by exploiting massive volumes of data,produced by wearable sensor *** advent of evolutionary computation algorithms andDeep Learning(DL)models has gained significant attention in healthcare diagnosis,especially in decision making *** cancer is the deadliest disease which affects people across the *** skin lesion classification model has a highly important application due to its fine-grained variability in the presence of skin *** current research article presents a new skin lesion diagnosis model i.e.,Deep Learning with Evolutionary Algorithm based Image Segmentation(DL-EAIS)for IoT and cloud-based smart healthcare ***,the dermoscopic images are captured using IoT devices,which are then transmitted to cloud servers for further ***,Backtracking Search optimization Algorithm(BSA)with Entropy-Based Thresholding(EBT)i.e.,BSA-EBT technique is applied in image *** by,Shallow Convolutional Neural Network(SCNN)model is utilized as a feature *** addition,Deep-Kernel Extreme LearningMachine(D-KELM)model is employed as a classification model to determine the class labels of dermoscopic *** extensive set of simulations was conducted to validate the performance of the presented method using benchmark *** experimental outcome infers that the proposed model demonstrated optimal performance over the compared techniques under diverse measures.

关键词： Intelligent models skin lesion dermoscopic images smart healthcare internet of things

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Angklung Smart Band: An IoT-Based System to Support Music Activities for Elderly in Thailand

Angklung Smart Band: An IoT-Based System to Support Music Ac...

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2022 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit, E-TEMS 2022

作者： Hiranpanthaporn, Saranya Phoasavadi, Pornprapit Cooharojananone, Nagul Technopreneurship and Innovation Management Program Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Emili Sagol Creative Arts Research and Innovation for Well-being Center Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts Department of Thai Music Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Science Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9781665411004

ISBN: (纸本)9781665411004

Organizing music activities for the elderly is another way that supports their well-being. Angklung, an Indonesian musical instrument, has been used for music activities for the elderly in Thailand with the hand signs method. Unfortunately, music activity is not widely used because the experts with the hand sign skills are few and not enough for demanding in the aging healthcare. At the same time, technologies of remote systems using the Internet of Things (IoT) have been developed to assist the elderly in supporting and improving their quality of life. This paper will introduce 'Angklung Smart Band,' an IoT-based system to support Angklung music activities for the elderly in Thailand. This work aims at setting up Angklung music activities for the elderly by using technology instead of hand signs. The system is composed of a web application, IoT devices, and Angklung musical instruments connected together via a wireless network. We did a preliminary study with the experts to improve experiences and system performance. After that, we asked the music experts to use the smart band to conduct the music activities experiment with the elderly for three days and give us feedback. The results found that the smart band could assist the Angklung music experts and help with the shortage of music expertise in aged care facilities or nursing homes. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Music

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Infrastructuring digital literacy in K-12 education: A national case study

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International Journal of Child-computer Interaction 2024年 42卷

作者： Andersen, Lars Bo Basballe, Ditte Amund Buus, Lillian Dindler, Christian Hansen, Thomas Illum Hjorth, Mikkel Iversen, Ole Sejer Johannessen, Christian Mosbæk Kanstrup, Katrine Holm Lorentzen, Rasmus Fink Misfeldt, Morten Musaeus, Line Have Nielsen, Camilla Balslev Petersen, Marianne Graves Schrøder, Vibeke Slot, Marie Falkesgaard University College Copenhagen Denmark Program for Learning and Digital Technologies VIA University College Denmark Reseach Center for Didactics and Pedagogy VIA University College Denmark Center for Computational Thinking and Design Aarhus University Denmark Applied Research in Education and Social Science UCL University College Denmark Center for Digital Education University of Copenhagen Denmark Department of Computer Science & Center for Computational Thinking and Design Aarhus University Denmark Aarhus University Department of Computer Science & Center for Computational Thinking and Design Denmark

While much CCI research has dealt with the educational challenge of providing children with knowledge and skills for a digital society, little work has dealt with the strategic challenge of developing and implementing a digital literacy subject in K-12 education. In this paper, we explore how to develop, implement, and sustain a national program on technology comprehension by analyzing the newly established Danish knowledge center for digital technology comprehension. We draw on the concept of infrastructuring to shed light on how to create and sustain the social, material, political and organizational structures that form the basis for introducing the new national initiative. Based on our case, we distill seven propositions that describe more generally how to work strategically with this challenge. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Digital literacy Infrastructuring Strategy Technology comprehension

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Graph Fourier MMD for Signals on Graphs

Graph Fourier MMD for Signals on Graphs

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2023 International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications, SampTA 2023

作者： Leone, Samuel Venkat, Aarthi Huguet, Guillaume Tong, Alexander Wolf, Guy Krishnaswamy, Smita Applied Math Program New HavenCT United States Yale University Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Program New HavenCT United States Université de Montréal Mila - Quebec Ai Institute Dept. of Math. & Stat Montreal Canada Université de Montréal Mila-Quebec Ai Institute Dept. of Comp. Sci. & Oper. Res. Montreal Canada Yale University Department of Computer Science Department of Genetics New HavenCT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328851

While numerous methods have been proposed for computing distances between probability distributions in Euclidean space, relatively little attention has been given to computing such distances for distributions on graphs. However, there has been a marked increase in data that either lies on graph (such as protein interaction networks) or can be modeled as a graph (single cell data), particularly in the biomedical sciences. Thus, it becomes important to find ways to compare signals defined on such graphs. Here, we propose Graph Fourier MMD (GFMMD), a novel distance between distributions and signals on graphs. GFMMD is defined via an optimal witness function that is both smooth on the graph and maximizes the difference in expectation between the pair of distributions on the graph. We find an analytical solution to this optimization problem as well as an embedding of distributions that results from this method. We also prove several properties of this method including scale invariance and applicability to disconnected graphs. We showcase it on graph benchmark datasets as well on single cell RNA-sequencing data analysis. In the latter, we use the GFMMD-based gene embeddings to find meaningful gene clusters. We also propose a novel type of score for gene selection called gene localization score which helps select genes for cellular state space characterization. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Genes

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Wire Before You Walk

Wire Before You Walk

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： Tesfa Asmara Dhananjay Bhaskar Ian Adelstein Smita Krishnaswamy Michael Perlmutter Department of Computer Science Pomona College Claremont CA USA Mathematics and Statistics Pomona College Claremont CA USA Department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA Department of Mathematics Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT USA Program for Applied Mathematics Yale University New Haven CT USA Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Yale University New Haven CT USA Wu Tsai Institute Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Mathematics Boise State University Boise ID USA

Node embeddings aim to associate a vector to every vertex of a graph which can then be used for downstream tasks such as clustering, classification, or link prediction. Many popular node embeddings such as no $d$ e2vec and DeepWalk are based upon counting which nodes frequently co-occur in random walks of the graph. In this paper, we show that the performance of such algorithms can be improved by rewiring the edges of the graph through a variety of network indices before running DeepWalk. These rewirings effectively give the random walker an inductive bias and increase the accuracy of a logistic regression classifier applied to the node embedding on several benchmark data sets.

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Cell2Sentence: Teaching Large Language Models the Language of Biology 41

Cell2Sentence: Teaching Large Language Models the Language o...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Levine, Daniel Rizvi, Syed Asad Lévy, Sacha Pallikkavaliyaveetil, Nazreen Zhang, David Chen, Xingyu Ghadermarzi, Sina Wu, Ruiming Zheng, Zihe Vrkic, Ivan Zhong, Anna Raskin, Daphne Han, Insu de Oliveira Fonseca, Antonio Henrique Caro, Josue Ortega Karbasi, Amin Dhodapkar, Rahul M. van Dijk, David Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT United States School of Engineering Applied Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States School of Computer and Communication Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Wu Tsai Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Google United States Yale Institute for Foundations of Data Science New HavenCT United States Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science New HavenCT United States Roski Eye Institute University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Cardiovascular Research Center Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT United States

We introduce Cell2Sentence (C2S), a novel method to directly adapt large language models to a biological context, specifically single-cell transcriptomics. By transforming gene expression data into"cell sentences," C2S bridges the gap between natural language processing and biology. We demonstrate cell sentences enable the finetuning of language models for diverse tasks in biology, including cell generation, complex cell-type annotation, and direct data-driven text generation. Our experiments reveal that GPT-2, when fine-tuned with C2S, can generate biologically valid cells based on cell type inputs, and accurately predict cell types from cell sentences. This illustrates that language models, through C2S finetuning, can acquire a significant understanding of single-cell biology while maintaining robust text generation capabilities. C2S offers a flexible, accessible framework to integrate natural language processing with transcriptomics, utilizing existing models and libraries for a wide range of biological applications. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Gene expression

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Effective Dimension Aware Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science graduate program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages a fractional exponent to capture long-memory effects in optimization, yet its practical impact is often constrained by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing this exponent. In this work, we introduce 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), a novel method that synergistically combines the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to automatically calibrate the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By continuously gauging model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SED dynamically adjusts the exponent to curb erratic oscillations and enhance convergence rates. Theoretically, we demonstrate how this dimension-aware adaptation retains the benefits of fractional memory while averting the sluggish or unstable behaviors frequently observed in naive fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks confirm that our 2SED-driven fractional exponent approach not only converges faster but also achieves more robust final performance, suggesting broad applicability for fractional-order methodologies in large-scale machine learning and related domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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DATA-DRIVEN MORI-ZWANZIG: REDUCED ORDER MODELING OF SPARSE SENSORS MEASUREMENTS FOR BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Woodward, Michael Tian, Yifeng Mohan, Arvind Lin, Yen Ting Hader, Christoph Fasel, Hermann Chertkov, Michael Livescu, Daniel Computer Computational and Statistical Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87544 United States Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Understanding, predicting and controlling laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition is crucial for the next generation aircraft design. However, in real flight experiments, or wind tunnel tests, often only sparse sensor measurements can be collected at fixed locations. Thus, in developing reduced models for predicting and controlling the flow at the sensor locations, the main challenge is in accounting for how the surrounding field of unobserved (or unresolved) variables interacts with the observed (or resolved) variables at the fixed sensor locations. This makes the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) formalism a natural choice, as it results in the Generalized Langevin Equations which provides a mathematically sound framework for constructing non-Markovian reduced-order models that include the effects the unresolved variables have on the resolved variables. These effects are captured in the so called memory kernel and orthogonal dynamics, which, when using Mori's linear projection, provides a higher order approximation to the traditional approximate Koopman learning methods. In this work, we explore recently developed data-driven methods for extracting the MZ operators to two boundary-layer flows obtained from high resolution data;a low speed incompressible flow over a flat plate exhibiting bypass transition;and a high speed compressible flow over a flared cone at Mach 6 and zero angle of attack where transition was initiated using a broadband forcing approach ("natural" transition). In each case, an array of "sensors" are placed near the surface of the solid boundary, and the MZ operators are learned and the predictions are compared to the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), both using delay embedded coordinates. Further comparisons are made with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and a regression based projection framework using neural networks for the MZ operators. First, we compare the effects of including delay embedded coordinates with EDMD and Mori based MZ and provide

关键词： Dynamic mode decomposition

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Data-Driven Mori-Zwanzig: Approaching a Reduced Order Model for Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Woodward, Michael Tian, Yifeng Mohan, Arvind Lin, Yen Ting Hader, Christoph Fasel, Hermann Chertkov, Misha Livescu, Daniel Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Computer Computational and Statistical Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87544 United States Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

In this work, we apply, for the first time to spatially inhomogeneous flows, a recently developed data-driven learning algorithm of Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) operators, which is based on a generalized Koopman’s description of dynamical systems. The MZ formalism provides a mathematically exact procedure for constructing non-Markovian reduced-order models of resolved variables from high-dimensional dynamical systems, where the effects due to the unresolved dynamics are captured in the memory kernel and orthogonal dynamics. The algorithm developed in this work applies Mori’s linear projection operator and an SVD based compression to the selection of the resolved variables (equivalently, a low rank approximation of the two time covariance matrices). We show that this MZ decomposition not only identifies the same spatio-temporal structures found by DMD, but it can also be used to extract spatio-temporal structures of the hysteresis effects present in the memory kernels. We perform an analysis of these structures in the context of a laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition flow over a flared cone at Mach 6, and show the dynamical relevance of the memory kernels. Additionally, by including these memory terms learned in our data-driven MZ approach, we show improvement in prediction accuracy over DMD at the same level of truncation and at a similar computational cost. Furthermore, an analysis of the spatio-temporal structures of the MZ operators shows identifiable structures associated with the nonlinear generation of the so-called "hot" streaks on the surface of the flared cone, which have previously been observed in experiments and direct numerical simulations. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic mode decomposition

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