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Nature Water 2025年 1-11页

作者： Eva Aßmann Christopher Irrgang Hugues Richard Martin Hölzer Timo Greiner Alexander Ullrich Matthew Wade Shelesh Agrawal Susanne Lackner Fabian Amman Sindy Böttcher Markus Landthaler Emanuel Wyler Serghei Mangul Viorel Munteanu Fotis Psomopoulos Maureen Smith Maria Trofimova Max von Kleist Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Research (ZKI-PH) Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Genome Competence Center (MF1) Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Chief Data Officer Group UK Health Security Agency London UK Chair of Water and Environmental Biotechnology Institute IWAR Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses (FG15) Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin Germany Institute for Biology Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Biological and Morphofunctional Sciences College of Medicine and Biological Sciences Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Suceava Romania Department of Computers Informatics and Microelectronics Technical University of Moldova Chisinau Moldova Institute of Applied Biosciences Center for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece Systems Medicine of Infectious Disease (P5) Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring the evolution and spread of global health threats, from pathogens to antimicrobial resistances. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple wastewater surveillance programmes have advanced statistical and machine learning methods for detecting pathogens from wastewater sequencing data and correlating measured targets with the represented population to infer meaningful conclusions for public health. Integrating contextual data can account for measurement uncertainties across the WBE workflow that affect the reliability of analyses. However, the broader availability and harmonization of data are major obstacles to method development. Here we review the benefits and limitations of wastewater-related data streams, highlighting the potential of machine learning to leverage these streams for normalization and other WBE applications. We emphasize the relevance of developing global frameworks for integrating WBE with other health surveillance systems and discuss next steps to address current and foreseeable challenges for robust and interpretable machine learning-enhanced WBE.

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A decade of skyrmionics: Writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Xichao Zhou, Yan Song, Kyung Mee Park, Tae-Eon Xia, Jing Ezawa, Motohiko Liu, Xiaoxi Zhao, Weisheng Zhao, Guoping Woo, Seonghoon School of Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong518172 China Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shinshu University Wakasato 4-17-1 Nagano380-8553 Japan Fert Beijing Institute BDBC School of Microelectronics Beihang University Beijing100191 China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610101 China IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States

The field of skyrmionics has been actively investigated across a wide range of topics during the last decade. In this topical review, we review and discuss key results and findings in skyrmionics since the first experimental observation of magnetic skyrmions in 2009. We particularly focus on the theoretical, computational and experimental findings and advances that are directly relevant to the spintronic applications based on magnetic skyrmions, i.e. their writing, deleting, reading and processing driven by magnetic field, electric current and thermal energy. We then review several potential applications including information storage, logic computing gates and non-conventional devices such as neuromorphic computing devices. Finally, we discuss possible future research directions on magnetic skyrmions, which also cover rich topics on other topological textures such as antiskyrmions and bimerons in antiferromagnets and frustrated magnets. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Logic gates

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Voiced-Unvoiced Classification of Speech Using a Neural Network Trained with LPC Coefficients

Voiced-Unvoiced Classification of Speech Using a Neural Netw...

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International Conference on Control, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Optimization (ICCAIRO)

作者： Kevin Struwe Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509065370

Voiced-Unvoiced classification (V-UV) is a well understood but still not perfectly solved problem. It tackles the problem of determining whether a signal frame contains harmonic content or not. This paper presents a new approach to this problem using a conventional multi-layer perceptron neural network trained with linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients. LPC is a method that results in a number of coefficients that can be transformed to the envelope of the spectrum of the input frame. As a spectrum is suitable for determining the harmonic content, so are the LPC-coefficients. The proposed neural network works reasonably well compared to other approaches and has been evaluated on a small dataset of 4 different speakers.

关键词： Speech Training Neural networks Linear predictive coding Harmonic analysis Cochlear implants

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Research on Ontology Modeling of Uncertain Environment Cognition for Unmanned Maritime Systems

Research on Ontology Modeling of Uncertain Environment Cogni...

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Chinese Automation Congress

作者： Lili Yin Hengwen Gu Rubo Zhang Wei Xie Qiushi Zhao Yanan Zhang College of Software & Microelectronics Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China Gas turbine department Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Harbin China Department of Computer science and Engineering Dalian Nationalities University Dalian China College of Applied Science Harbin University of Science and Harbin China College of Software & Microelectronics Harbin University of Science and Harbin China

Due to the whole system knowledge of uncertain environment cognition should be represented in a single form. Ontology model for uncertain environment cognition of unmanned maritime systems was proposed. The decision-making module of unmanned maritime systems can directly and dynamically obtain uncertain environment cognitive results of different ranks and types at various stages. The results of simulating experiments indicate that the developed ontology model proves effective and embodies the sharing and reuse of knowledge, interoperability of system.

关键词： Unmanned maritime systems Uncertain environment Ontology Knowledge modeling

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Decentralized Configuration of Embedded Web Services for Smart Home Applications

Decentralized Configuration of Embedded Web Services for Sma...

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International Systems Conference

作者： Arne Wall Vlado Altmann Johannes Müller Hannes Raddatz Dirk Timmermann University of Rostock Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering 18051 Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046249

Web Services can be used as a communication structure for embedded devices. Out of numerous Web Service specifications there is a subset (Profile) to implement Web Services on resource constrained devices, called Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS). The resulting service oriented architecture enables the user to discover new devices, e.g., in the local smart home network. The open standards for Web Services further define a metadata format for service description. Besides the simple invocation of service operations, an eventing mechanism is specified. A client which subscribes to an event will receive notifications. Those features and the inherent Plug&Play capability provided by Web Services are suitable to connect smart home devices in a user-friendly manner. However, DPWS specifies no standard procedure to combine multiple devices with each other to build more complex applications. Therefore, new concepts for embedded Web Service orchestration are needed. Some commercial solutions use a central hub, which represents a Single Point of Failure (SPoF). Hence, a failure would lead to a breakdown of all smart Internet of Things (IoT) applications and decrease the user acceptance. We propose a concept where no central broker is needed by defining a Configuration Service that runs on multiple devices. Based on that service a smartphone app is used to establish trigger-action rules between devices. A prototype is implemented as a proof-of-concept for different smart home devices. Furthermore, a mobile Android application to find and orchestrate the devices is presented.

关键词： Embedded Web Services

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Java extensions for OMNeT++ 5.0

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Puttnies, Henning Danielis, Peter Koch, Christian Timmermann, Dirk University of Rostock Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Rostock18051 Germany

On the one side, network simulation frameworks are important tools for research and development activities to evaluate novel approaches in a time-and cost-efficient way. On the other side, Java as a highly platform-independent programming language is ideally suited for rapid prototyping in heterogeneous scenarios. Consequently, Java simulation frameworks could be used to firstly perform functional verification of new approaches (and protocols) in a simulation environment and afterwards, to evaluate these approaches in real testbeds using prototype Java implementations. Finally, the simulation models can be refined using real world measurement data. Unfortunately, there is to the best of our knowledge no satisfying Java framework for network simulation, as the OMNeT++ Java support ended with OMNeT++ version 4.6. Hence, our contributions are as follows: we present Java extensions for OMNeT++ 5.0 that enable the execution of Java simulation models and give a detailed explanation of the working principles of the OMNeT++ Java extensions that are based on Java Native Interface. We conduct several case studies to evaluate the concept of Java extensions for OMNeT++. Most importantly, we show that the combined use of Java simulation models and C++ models (e.g., from the INET framework) is possible. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer software

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Thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Zidong Guo, Minghua Zhou, Heng-An Zhao, Le Xu, Teng Tomasello, Riccardo Bai, Hao Dong, Yiqing Je, Soong Geun Chao, Weilun Han, Hee-Sung Lee, Suseok Lee, Ki-Suk Yao, Yunyan Han, Wei Song, Cheng Wu, Huaqiang Carpentieri, Mario Finocchio, Giovanni Im, Mi-Young Lin, Shi-Zeng Jiang, Wanjun State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics FORTH Heraklion-CreteGR-70013 Greece Center for X-ray Optics Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu711-873 Korea Republic of International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic of Bari Bari70125 Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Theoretical Division T-4 and CNLS Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

Recent years have witnessed significant progresses in realizing skyrmions in chiral magnets1-4 and asymmetric magnetic multilayers5-13, as well as their electrical manipulation2,7,8,10. Equally important, thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions can be exploited for prototypical new architecture with integrated computation14 and energy harvesting15. It has yet to verify if skyrmions can be purely generated by heating16,17, and if their resultant direction of motion driven by temperature gradients follows the diffusion or, oppositely, the magnonic spin torque17-21. Here, we address these important issues in microstructured devices made of multilayers - [Ta/CoFeB/MgO]15, [Pt/CoFeB/MgO/Ta]15 and [Pt/Co/Ta]15 integrated with on-chip heaters, by using a full-field soft X-ray microscopy. The thermal generation of densely packed skyrmions is attributed to the low energy barrier at the device edge, together with the thermally induced morphological transition from stripe domains to skyrmions. The unidirectional diffusion of skyrmions from the hot region towards the cold region is experimentally observed. It can be theoretically explained by the combined contribution from repulsive forces between skyrmions, and thermal spin-orbit torques in competing with magnonic spin torques17,18,20,21 and entropic forces22. These thermally generated skyrmions can be further electrically detected by measuring the accompanied anomalous Nernst voltages23. The on-chip thermoelectric generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions could open another exciting avenue for enabling skyrmionics, and promote interdisciplinary studies among spin caloritronics15, magnonics24 and skyrmionics3,4,12. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Mitigation of Cosmic Ray Effect on Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector Arrays

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Karatsu, K. Endo, A. Bueno, J. de Visser, P.J. Barends, R. Thoen, D.J. Murugesan, V. Tomita, N. Baselmans, J.J.A. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Sorbonnelaan 2 Utrecht3584CA Netherlands Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628CD Netherlands Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 Delft2628CJ Netherlands Google Santa BarbaraCA93117 United States Department of Physics School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan

For space observatories, the glitches caused by high energy phonons created by the interaction of cosmic ray particles with the detector substrate lead to dead time during observation. Mitigating the impact of cosmic rays is therefore an important requirement for detectors to be used in future space missions. In order to investigate possible solutions, we carry out a systematic study by testing four large arrays of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs), each consisting of ∼ 960 pixels and fabricated on monolithic 55 mm × 55 mm × 0.35 mm Si substrates. We compare the response to cosmic ray interactions in our laboratory for different detector arrays: A standard array with only the MKID array as reference;an array with a low Tc superconducting film as phonon absorber on the opposite side of the substrate;and arrays with MKIDs on membranes. The idea is that the low Tc layer down-converts the phonon energy to values below the pair breaking threshold of the MKIDs, and the membranes isolate the sensitive part of the MKIDs from phonons created in the substrate. We find that the dead time can be reduced up to a factor of 40 when compared to the reference array. Simulations show that the dead time can be reduced to below 1 % for the tested detector arrays when operated in a spacecraft in an L2 or a similar far-Earth orbit. The technique described here is also applicable and important for large superconducting qubit arrays for future quantum computers. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Substrates

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Measuring latencies of IEEE 11073 compliant service-oriented medical device stacks

Measuring latencies of IEEE 11073 compliant service-oriented...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Martin Kasparick Benjamin Beichler Björn Konieczek Andreas Besting Michael Rethfeldt Frank Golatowski Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Germany SurgiTAIX AG Herzogenrath Germany

Vendor-independent interoperability is one of the key-enablers for medical devices in future operating rooms, intensive care units, and medical care in general. Using the paradigm of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a promising approach realized by the new IEEE 11073 SDC family of standards. Standard compliant communication stacks will be used to build up systems of networked medical devices. The performance of the stack implementation is crucial for the usability in real-world medical environments. Therefore, we investigate the latency of currently available middleware stacks: SoftICE, openSDC, and OSCLib. The aim is to evaluate the suitability of the underlying concepts, understanding the communication behavior using different hard- and software platforms, and finding problems to support future development. For the latency measurements we build up a use-case independent testbed and instrument the libraries to get more information. On the one hand, our investigations substantiate the suitability of the underlying concept and the available middleware stack implementations. On the other hand, unexpected results occurred, like a strong dependency of communication latency on the combination of hardware platform, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and JVM configuration and even a strong dependency on the intensity of exchanged data when using Java middleware implementations.

关键词： Middleware Java Standards Libraries Delays Economic indicators

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Integrated RF-photonic filters via photonic-phononic emit-receive operations

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kittlaus, Eric A. Kharel, Prashanta Otterstrom, Nils T. Wang, Zheng Rakich, Peter T. Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78758 United States

The creation of high-performance narrowband filters is of great interest for many RF-signal processing applications. To this end, numerous schemes for electronic, MEMS-based, and microwave photonic filters have been demonstrated. Filtering schemes based on microwave photonic systems offer superior flexibility and tunability to traditional RF filters. However, these optical-based filters are typically limited to GHz-widths and often have large RF insertion losses, posing challenges for integration into high-fidelity radiofrequency circuits. In this article, we demonstrate a novel type of microwave filter that combines the attractive features of microwave photonic filters with high-Q phononic signal processing using a photonic-phononic emit-receive process. Through this process, a RF signal encoded on a guided optical wave is transduced onto a GHz-frequency acoustic wave, where it may be filtered through shaping of acoustic transfer functions before being re-encoded onto a spatially separate optical probe. This emit-receive functionality, realized in an integrated silicon waveguide, produces MHz-bandwidth band-pass filtering while supporting low RF insertion losses necessary for high dynamic range in a microwave photonic link. We also demonstrate record-high internal efficiency for emit-receive operations of this type, and show that the emit-receive operation is uniquely suitable for the creation of serial filter banks with minimal loss of fidelity. This photonic-phononic emitter-receiver represents a new method for low-distortion signal-processing in an integrated all-silicon device. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Insertion losses

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