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Investigation of external heat transfer characteristics in a partially submerged vertical heat exchanger tube bundle

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nuclear engineering and Design 2025年 442卷

作者： Hui Liang Zongwen Hu Qiwei Tian Chuan Lu Hongxing Yu Xiaxin Cao Ming Ding Zhongning Sun College of Nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu 610213 China China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. LTD Beijing 100840 China

A passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) is commonly employed in nuclear reactors to dissipate decay heat from the reactor core during design extension conditions. In the later stages of such accidents, the coolant level in a storage tank may drop, leading to partial exposure of the heat transfer tubes. To investigate the effect of reduced coolant levels on shell-side heat transfer performance in a vertical tube bundle, an experimental setup was designed, featuring four coolant levels: full, 4/5, 2/3, and 1/2. Saturated steam was introduced to the inner side of the tubes, while distilled water served as the coolant on the outer shell side. High-speed imaging and precise thermal measurements enabled the observation and analysis of three distinct heat transfer regions: nucleate pool boiling, liquid film evaporation, and steam convection. A new method was proposed to calculate heat transfer coefficients, accounting for the complex phenomena in the liquid film evaporation region at low coolant levels. The results indicate that shell-side heat transfer performance does not degrade linearly with decreasing coolant levels. At the 4/5 and 2/3 coolant levels, intensified thermal disturbances from water jet impacts and liquid film falling improved heat transfer. Even at the 1/2 coolant level, the heat removal capacity remained over 75 % of that at full submergence, due to effective phase-change heat transfer in the liquid film region. This study concludes that PRHR HX systems can maintain effective heat removal even at reduced coolant levels, driven by film evaporation and droplet impingement mechanisms. These findings offer valuable insights for the thermal design and safety analysis of passive cooling systems in advanced nuclear power plants.

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Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter–Electron Scattering from the CDEX-10 Experiment

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第22期129卷 221301-221301页

作者： Z. Y. Zhang L. T. Yang Q. Yue K. J. Kang Y. J. Li M. Agartioglu H. P. An J. P. Chang Y. H. Chen J. P. Cheng W. H. Dai Z. Deng C. H. Fang X. P. Geng H. Gong Q. J. Guo X. Y. Guo L. He S. M. He J. W. Hu H. X. Huang T. C. Huang H. T. Jia X. Jiang H. B. Li J. M. Li J. Li Q. Y. Li R. M. J. Li X. Q. Li Y. L. Li Y. F. Liang B. Liao F. K. Lin S. T. Lin S. K. Liu Y. D. Liu Y. Liu Y. Y. Liu Z. Z. Liu H. Ma Y. C. Mao Q. Y. Nie J. H. Ning H. Pan N. C. Qi J. Ren X. C. Ruan K. Saraswat V. Sharma Z. She M. K. Singh T. X. Sun C. J. Tang W. Y. Tang Y. Tian G. F. Wang L. Wang Q. Wang Y. Wang Y. X. Wang H. T. Wong S. Y. Wu Y. C. Wu H. Y. Xing R. Xu Y. Xu T. Xue Y. L. Yan C. H. Yeh N. Yi C. X. Yu H. J. Yu J. F. Yue M. Zeng Z. Zeng B. T. Zhang F. S. Zhang L. Zhang Z. H. Zhang K. K. Zhao M. G. Zhao J. F. Zhou Z. Y. Zhou J. J. Zhu Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 NUCTECH Company Beijing 100084 YaLong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu 610051 College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin 300071 Department of Physics Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875

We present improved germanium-based constraints on sub-GeV dark matter via dark matter–electron (χ−e) scattering using the 205.4 kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. Using a novel calculation technique, we attain predicted χ−e scattering spectra observable in high-purity germanium detectors. In the heavy mediator scenario, our results achieve 3 orders of magnitude of improvement for mχ larger than 80 MeV/c2 compared to previous germanium-based χ−e results. We also present the most stringent χ−e cross-section limit to date among experiments using solid-state detectors for mχ larger than 90 MeV/c2 with heavy mediators and mχ larger than 100 MeV/c2 with electric dipole coupling. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of a new χ−e detection method with high-purity germanium detectors in ultralow radioactive background.

关键词： Particle astrophysics Particle dark matter Weakly interacting massive particles Dark matter detectors Solid-state detectors

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High mass-specific reactivity of a defect-enriched Ru electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in harsh alkaline and acidic media

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Science China Materials 2021年第10期64卷 2467-2476页

作者： Yuanli Li Jingfu He Weiren Cheng Hui Su Changli Li Hui Zhang Meihuan Liu Wanlin Zhou Xin Chen Qinghua Liu National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China School of Materials Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China

A reasonable design strategy to improve the utilization of noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is crucial to simplify the process flow and accelerate the future renewable energy ***,abundant defects were created on 2.4-nm Ru nanoparticles to achieve unprecedently high mass-specific reactivity in harsh acidic and alkaline *** obtained defect-enriched Ru(DR-Ru)exhibits an ultrahigh HER turnover frequency of16.4 s^(-1)with a 100-mV overpotential in alkaline media,and it also retains an excellent value of 20.6 s^(-1)in acidic media;these results are superior to those reported for other Ru ***,a record-low loading of 2.5μg cm^(-2)for the DR-Ru catalysts and low overpotentials of 28.2 and 25.1 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)can be realized in alkaline and acidic media,***,the less coordinated Ru surface sites and partial lattice oxygen introduction weaken the bonding between H and DR-Ru catalysts,facilitate fast acidic HERkinetics and help dissociate the water molecule to overcome the major challenge of HER in alkaline electrolytes,leading to an activity comparable to that under acidic *** result provides a guideline for defect engineering on noble metal nanocatalysts to effectively improve the utilization of the catalysts and optimize reactivities.

关键词： defect engineering DR-Ru catalyst hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysis

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Study of background from accidental coincidence signals in the PandaX-Ⅱexperiment

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第10期46卷 11-24页

作者： Abdusalam Abdukerim Wei Chen Xun Chen Yunhua Chen Chen Cheng Xiangyi Cui Yingjie Fan Deqing Fang Changbo Fu Mengting Fu Lisheng Geng Karl Giboni Linhui Gu Xuyuan Guo Ke Han Changda He Di Huang Yan Huang Yanlin Huang Zhou Huang Xiangdong Ji Yonglin Ju Shuaijie Li Huaxuan Liu Jianglai Liu Wenbo Ma Yugang Ma Yajun Mao Yue Meng Kaixiang Ni Jinhua Ning Xuyang Ning Xiangxiang Ren Changsong Shang Lin Si Guofang Shen Andi Tan Anqing Wang Hongwei Wang Meng Wang Qiuhong Wang Siguang Wang Wei Wang Xiuli Wang Zhou Wang Mengmeng Wu Shiyong Wu Weihao Wu Jingkai Xia Mengjiao Xiao Pengwei Xie Binbin Yan Jijun Yang Yong Yang Chunxu Yu Jumin Yuan Ying Yuan Xinning Zeng Dan Zhang Tao Zhang Li Zhao Qibin Zheng Jifang Zhou Ning Zhou Xiaopeng Zhou School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMOE Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and CosmologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai 200240China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu 610213China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.288 Shuanglin RoadChengdu 610051China School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai 200240China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Physics University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE) Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION The direct detection of dark matter particles,especially the weakly interacting massive particles(WIMPs),is being actively carried out by a couple of experiments worldwide[1].In recent years,the PandaX-Ⅱ experiment located in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL)[1-3],which uses the technology of dual phase liquid xenon time projection chambers(TPCs),has pushed the limits of the cross section between WIMPs and nucleons to a new level for most of the possible WIMP masses;other experiments of the same type are also being performed[4–10].

关键词： dark matter xenon detector background accidental coincidence machine learning

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Preferential bond formation and interstitial/vacancy annihilation rate drive atomic clustering in gallium ion sputtered compound materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Zhenyu Zhang, Xin Liu, Pu Deng, Yong Hu, Wenyu Chen, Longqing Zhu, Jun Chen, Sen Wang, Zhengshang Shi, Yuechun Ma, Jian Wang, Xiaoyi Qiu, Yang Zhang, Kun Cui, Xudong Walther, Thomas Southwest Minzu University State Ethnic Affairs Commission Chengdu610041 China NCS Testing Technology Co. Ltd Chengdu610041 China Pico center SUSTech Core Research Facilities Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China College of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics Sichuan Mianyang621900 China Sichuan Research Center of New Materials 596 Yinhe Road Shuangliu Chengdu610200 China Yongjiang Laboratory Ningbo315000 China Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang621900 China Dept. Electronic & Electrical Eng. University of Sheffield Mappin St. SheffieldS1 3JD United Kingdom

The investigation of chemical reactions during the ion irradiation is a frontier for the study of the ion-material interaction. In order to derive the contribution of bond formation to chemistry of ion produced nanoclusters, the valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) was exploited to investigate the Ga+ ion damage in Al2O3, InP and InGaAs, where each target material has been shown to yield different process for altering the clustering of recoil atoms: metallic Ga, metallic In and InGaP clusters in Al2O3, InP and InGaAs *** simulations based on Monte Carlo and crystal orbital Hamiltonianindicate that the chemical constitution of cascade induced nano-precipitates is a result of a competition between interstitial/vacancy consumption rate and preferential bond formation. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Indium phosphide

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Exotic Dark Matter Search with the CDEX-10 Experiment at China’s Jinping Underground Laboratory

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第22期129卷 221802-221802页

作者： W. H. Dai L. P. Jia H. Ma Q. Yue K. J. Kang Y. J. Li H. P. An Greeshma C. J. P. Chang Y. H. Chen J. P. Cheng Z. Deng C. H. Fang X. P. Geng H. Gong Q. J. Guo X. Y. Guo L. He S. M. He J. W. Hu H. X. Huang T. C. Huang H. T. Jia X. Jiang S. Karmakar H. B. Li J. M. Li J. Li Q. Y. Li R. M. J. Li X. Q. Li Y. L. Li Y. F. Liang B. Liao F. K. Lin S. T. Lin S. K. Liu Y. D. Liu Y. Liu Y. Y. Liu Z. Z. Liu Y. C. Mao Q. Y. Nie J. H. Ning H. Pan N. C. Qi J. Ren X. C. Ruan Z. She M. K. Singh T. X. Sun C. J. Tang W. Y. Tang Y. Tian G. F. Wang L. Wang Q. Wang Y. Wang Y. X. Wang H. T. Wong S. Y. Wu Y. C. Wu H. Y. Xing R. Xu Y. Xu T. Xue Y. L. Yan L. T. Yang N. Yi C. X. Yu H. J. Yu J. F. Yue M. Zeng Z. Zeng B. T. Zhang F. S. Zhang L. Zhang Z. H. Zhang Z. Y. Zhang K. K. Zhao M. G. Zhao J. F. Zhou Z. Y. Zhou J. J. Zhu Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 NUCTECH Company Beijing 100084 YaLong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu 610051 College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin 300071 Department of Physics Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875

A search for exotic dark matter (DM) in the sub-GeV mass range has been conducted using 205 kg day data taken from a p-type point contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at China’s Jinping underground laboratory. New low-mass dark matter searching channels, neutral current fermionic DM absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), have been analyzed with an energy threshold of 160 eVee. No significant signal was found; thus new limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section are set for both models at the sub-GeV DM mass region. A cross section limit for the fermionic DM absorption is set to be 2.5×10−46 cm2 (90% C.L.) at DM mass of 10 MeV/c2. For the DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering scenario, limits are extended to DM mass of 5 and 14 MeV/c2 for the massless dark photon and bound DM final state, respectively.

关键词： Cosmic rays & astroparticles Dark matter Particle dark matter Dark matter detectors

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An L₁-Norm Based Optimization Method for Sparse Redundancy Resolution of Robotic Manipulators

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 2021年第2期69卷 469-473页

作者： Zhan Li Shuai Li School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Computer Science Department Swansea University Swansea U.K. College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea U.K.

For targeted motion control tasks of manipulators, it is frequently necessary to make use of full levels of joint actuation to guarantee successful motion planning and path tracking. Such way of motion planning and control may keep the joint actuation in a non-sparse manner during motion control process. In order to improve sparsity of joint actuation for manipulator systems, a novel motion planning scheme which can optimally and sparsely adopt joint actuation is proposed in this brief. The proposed motion planning strategy is formulated as a constrained $L_{1}$ norm optimization problem, and an equivalent enhanced optimization solution dealing with bounded joint velocity is proposed as well. A new primal dual neural network with a new solution set division is further proposed and applied to solve such bounded optimization which can sparsely adopt joint actuation for motion control. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy and superiority of the proposed method for optimally and sparsely adopting joint actuation. The average sparsity (i.e., - $\|\dot \theta \|_{p}$ where $\theta $ denotes the joint angle) of the joint motion of the manipulator can be increased by 39.22% and 51.30% for path tracking tasks in $X - Y$ and $X - Z$ planes respectively, indicating that the sparsity of joint actuation can be enhanced.

关键词： Optimization Manipulators Redundancy Neural networks Kinematics Planning Manipulator dynamics

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The Calculation Model for ZnO Varistor Considering Micro-characteristics

The Calculation Model for ZnO Varistor Considering Micro-cha...

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Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL)

作者： Jingke Guo Pengfei Meng Zheng Liu Wenhao Lu Long Zhao Xiao Lei Shan Li College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an China High Voltage Technology Department Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Company of CSG Guangzhou China State Grid Linyi power supply company STATE GRID Corporation of China Linyi China STATE GRID Corporation of China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute Chengdu China

The insulation level of power system is based on the overvoltage protection level of arresters. Zinc oxide(ZnO) varistor is widely used as the core element in power arrester and surge suppressor because of its excellent nonlinear voltage-current(V-I) characteristics and high surge energy absorption capability. Electrical characteristics of ZnO varistor are determined by its complex micro-structure and grain boundary characteristics. In this study, the microstructure model of ZnO varistor is established based on Voronoi model. A large-scale nonlinear resistance network equation for solving the macroscopic electrical properties of ZnO varistors is established by using a grain boundary zoning model considering intergranular bypass effect. Aiming at that it is difficult to solve the large-scale nonlinear resistance network equation by using the conventional Newton iterative method, a fast optimization algorithm based on piecewise linearization and differential reconstruction is proposed. The error index of the calculation result is less than 10$^{-3}$ orders of magnitude. Besides, the effects of microstructure parameters, such as spinel content, nonuniformity of grain size and porosity on the electrical properties of ZnO varistors were obtained by calculation.

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Advances in artificial intelligence techniques drive the application of radiomics in the clinical research of hepatocellular carcinoma

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iLIVER 2022年第1期1卷 49-54页

作者： Jingwei Wei Meng Niu Ouyang Yabo Yu Zhou Xiaoke Ma Xue Yang Hanyu Jiang Hui Hui Hongyi Cao Binwei Duan Hongjun Li Dawei Ding Jie Tian Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing 100190China Department of Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110000China Beijing YouAn Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China School of Life Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi'anChina School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina Department of Radiology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniverstiyBeijing100069China Department of Radiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Pathology College of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110000China The Department of General Surgery Center Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityChina School of Bioengineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine School of Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'anShaanxi710126China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the most common malignancy to threaten public health *** advances in artificial intelligence techniques,radiomics for HCC management provides a novel perspective to solve unmet needs in clinical settings,and reveals pixel-level radiological information for medical imaging big data,correlating the radiological phenotype with targeted clinical *** radiomics pipelines depend on handcrafted engineering features,and further deep learning-based radiomics pipelines are supplemented with deep features calculated via self-learning *** the past decade,radiomics has been widely applied in accurate diagnoses and pathological or biological behavior evaluation,as well as in prognosis *** this review,we systematically introduce the main pipelines of artificial intelligence-based radiomics and their efficacy in the clinical studies of HCC.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Diagnosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognosis Radiomics

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Spatial Configuration-Guided Design of Covalent Organic Framework-Based Artificial Metalloantioxidases for Inhibiting Inflammatory Cascades and Regulating Bone Homeostasis

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Journal of the American Chemical Society 2025年第22期147卷 2025 May 22页

作者： Yaxin Xie Qian Li Lingyi Huang Peiqi Wang Ting Wang Mingru Bai Jiusi Guo Wei Geng Xiaolin Wang Wei Qiao Xianglong Han Chong Cheng State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China. College of Polymer Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China. Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077 China. School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macao 999078 China. Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Free University of Berlin Berlin 14195 Germany.

Intense oxidative stress in bone tissues can trigger the hyperactivation of neutrophils, thereby causing inflammatory cascades to deteriorate bone homeostasis. Here, inspired by the catalytic centers of natural antioxidases, we introduce the spatial configuration-guided design of covalent organic framework (COF)-based artificial metalloantioxidases for inhibiting inflammatory cascades and regulating bone homeostasis. Specifically, the hexaiminohexaazatrinaphthalene COF with ruthenium coordination (S-HACOF-Ru), featuring electron-rich centers with a spatial configuration, demonstrates exceptional antioxidase-like reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities for efficiently mitigating the oxidative stress. As a result, S-HACOF-Ru efficiently prevents the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps and inhibits the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO). By preventing MPO-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and inhibiting proinflammatory macrophage polarization, S-HACOF-Ru successfully blocks the neutrophil-macrophage inflammatory cascades. This intervention promotes bone homeostasis by a shift from bone resorption to tissue regeneration, which can efficiently inhibit alveolar bone loss in periodontal tissues and reverse cartilage damage in ankle joint cavities. We propose that this design strategy provides an intriguing avenue for developing new artificial antioxidases and biocatalytic materials with potential applications in treating a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Macrophages

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