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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lei, Yisheng An, Haechan Li, Zongfeng Hosseini, Mahdi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Solid-state quantum memories can provide broadband storage, but they primarily suffer from low storage efficiency. We use passive optimization and machine learning techniques to demonstrate nearly a 6-fold enhancement in quantum memory efficiency. In this regime, we demonstrate coherent and single-photon-level storage with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The optimization technique presented here can be applied to most solid-state quantum memories to significantly improve the storage efficiency without compromising the memory bandwidth. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Long-range photodetection of organic exciton-polaritons

Long-range photodetection of organic exciton-polaritons

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CLEO: Science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Liu, Bin Huang, Xinjing Forrest, Stephen R. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

In light-matter strong coupling regime, we observe long-range photodetection response at room temperature mediated by organic exciton-polaritons, which results from strong interactions between organic excitons and low... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Excitons

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Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy,Environment,and Biomedicine

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第3期15卷 48-97页

作者： Fanghua Li Yiwei Li KSNovoselov Feng Liang Jiashen Meng Shih‑Hsin Ho Tong Zhao Hui Zhou Awais Ahmad Yinlong Zhu Liangxing Hu Dongxiao Ji Litao Jia Rui Liu Seeram Ramakrishna Xingcai Zhang Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090People’s Republic of China School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430074People’s Republic of China Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117546Singapore School of Physics and Astronomy The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Departamento de Quimica Organica Universidad de CordobaEdificio Marie Curie(C‑3)Ctra Nnal IV‑AKm 39614014 CordobaSpain Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy,environment,and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy,sustainability,and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass(HALUB).We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and *** technologies of thermochemical conversion(TC),biochemical conversion(BC),electrochemical conversion(EC),and photochemical conversion(PTC)are summarized for *** biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg^(-1)and total benefit of 749$/ton biomass via *** surface area of biochar reached 3000 m^(2)g^(-1)via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean *** biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%.Besides,lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m^(-2)via *** can be 100%selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and *** learning,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of *** biomaterials,sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis,microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also *** techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.

关键词： High availability low utilization biomass(HALUB) Circular economy Machine learning Energy-efficient conversion Nano-catalysis

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The effect of stereochemical constraints on the radius of gyration of folded proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Logan, Jack A. Sumner, Jacob Grigas, Alex T. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Biomedical Informatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins are composed of linear chains of amino acids that fold into complex three-dimensional structures. A general feature of folded proteins is that they are compact with a radius of gyration Rg(N) ∼ Nν that obeys power-law scaling with the number of amino acids N in each protein and ν ∼ 1/3. In this study, we investigate the internal scaling of the radius of gyration Rg(n) versus the chemical separation n between amino acids for all subchains of length n. We show that for globular proteins Rg(n) ∼ nν1,2 with a larger exponent ν1 > 1/3 for small n and a smaller exponent ν2 g(N) ∝ Nν. To describe this scaling behavior for Rg(n), we carry out folding simulations for a series of coarse-grained models for proteins beginning with the freely-jointed and freely-rotating chain models composed of spherical monomers and varying degrees of stereochemical constraints. We show that a minimal model, which coarse-grains amino acids into a single spherical backbone atom and one variable-sized spherical side-chain atom, and enforces bend- and dihedral-angle constraints, can recapitulate Rg(n) for x-ray crystal structures of globular proteins. In addition, this model predicts the correct average packing fraction and size of the hydrophobic core, which are two key physical features that can be used to distinguish between computational 'decoys' and correctly folded proteins in protein design applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spheres

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Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Prasad, Ciril S. Everitt, Henry O. Naik, Gururaj V. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory-South HoustonTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

Non-Hermitian optics provides a unique platform to take advantage of absorption losses in materials and control radiative properties. We demonstrate a non-Hermitian metasurface that exhibit directional suppression of thermal radiation while maintaining transmission in mid-infrared. © Optica Publishing Group 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)

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Limitations Of the Derived Respiratory Variation Measurements Used in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Limitations Of the Derived Respiratory Variation Measurement...

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IEEE International Symposium on biomedical Imaging

作者： Abdoljalil Addeh Karen Ardila Fernando Vega Ali Golestani M. Ethan MacDonald Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical & Software Engineering Department of Radiology Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Electronic and Automation Biomedical Engineering Universidad Autónoma de Manizales Manizales Colombia Mitacs Globalink Research Internship Program Canada Department of Medical Physics Alberta Heath Services Canada

Among different physiological sources of noise in blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI), low-frequency fluctuation in arterial carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) constitutes the strongest modulator of the BOLD signal. In this paper, the performance of respiration variation (RV) and respiratory volume per time (RVT) in identifying abnormal but prominent respiratory patterns are studied. We used Human Connectome Project in the Developmental dataset, as children are a challenging cohort in fMRI studies and have irregular breathing. According to our findings, there is no guarantee that a given respiratory event evident in the abdominal respiratory belt transducer timeseries, such as a deep breath or pause in breathing, will be detectable in both RVT and RV. In addition, RVT and RV do not show similar behavior during some respiratory events, especially when the subject breathes deeply at a low rate, while they use almost similar respiratory response functions.

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Low-loss, nonvolatile tuning of Bragg structures with Sb2Se3

Low-loss, nonvolatile tuning of Bragg structures with Sb2Se3

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Nobile, Nicholas A. Lian, Chuanyu Sun, Hongyi Huang, Yi-Siou Mills, Brian Popescu, Cosmin Constantin Callahan, Dennis Hu, Juejun Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Youngblood, Nathan Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Draper Scholar Program The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc CambridgeMA02139 United States The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc CambridgeMA02139 United States

Sb2Se3 is used to switch between broadband transparency and enhanced index contrast in two device types leveraging Bragg gratings for tunable stop- and pass-band functionalities. Experimental results highlight fabrica... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometers

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Enhanced fast charging capabilities in natural graphite/iron cross-linked pectin electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

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Materials Advances 2024年第17期5卷 6820-6829页

作者： Chung, Chin-Yi Chen, Wei-Ming Chen, Yan-Ruei Chen, Liang-Yu Su, Yu-Hsuan Chi, Po-Wei Wu, Phillip M. Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu Tang, Hong-Yi Wu, Maw-Kuen Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Tsing Hua University 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300044 Taiwan College of Science National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi-Nan University 1 University Road Puli Nantou545301 Taiwan

Rapid charging capabilities are required for the broader adoption of lithium-ion batteries in emerging technologies such as electric vehicles. Although commercial graphite anodes provide a high energy density, their limitations in quick charging warrant the exploration of novel materials. This study extends prior research on the use of pectin, a natural polysaccharide, as an organic binder for graphite anodes. By introducing iron into pectin, we propose a unique ion-crosslinking mechanism that causes the graphite anode to exhibit pseudocapacitive Li storage. Our findings, corroborated by 3D Bode analysis and AC impedance spectra, revealed a positive correlation between the iron ion and the pseudocapacitive vertex in the graphite reaction. Compared with conventional binders, graphite electrodes utilizing iron-doped pectin demonstrated superior initial and stable capacities, reaching 450 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 1C. This study highlights the synergistic effect of pectin and iron ions, offering a new avenue for high-performance, rapid-charging, and environmentally sustainable lithium-ion batteries. © 2024 RSC.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Entanglement-Enhanced Neyman-Pearson Target Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ward, William Hariri, Abdulkarim Zhang, Zheshen Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48104 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48104 United States

Quantum illumination (QI) provides entanglement-enabled target-detection enhancement, despite operating in an entanglement-breaking environment. Existing experimental studies of QI have utilized a Bayesian approach, assuming that the target is equally likely to be present or absent before detection, to demonstrate an advantage over classical target detection. However, such a premise breaks down in practical operational scenarios in which the prior probability is unknown, thereby hindering QI's applicability to real-world target-detection scenarios. In this work, we adopt the Neyman-Pearson criterion in lieu of the error probability for equally likely target absence or presence as our figure of merit for QI. We demonstrate an unconditional quantum advantage over the optimal classical-illumination protocol as benchmarked by the receiver operating characteristic, which examines detection probability versus false-alarm probability without resorting to known prior probabilities. Our work represents a critical advancement in adapting quantum-enhanced sensing to practical operational settings. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Cofilin-Mediated Filament Softening and Crosslinking Counterbalance to Enhance Actin Network Flexibility

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第21期133卷 218402-218402页

作者： Zachary Gao Sun Michael Murrell Department of Physics Yale University 217 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA

Filamentous-actin (F-actin) crosslinking within the cell cytoskeleton mediates the transmission of mechanical forces, enabling changes in cell shape, as occurs during cell division and cell migration. Crosslinking by actin binding proteins (ABPs) generally increases the connectivity of the F-actin network, but also increases network rigidity. As a result, there is a narrow range in the concentration of crosslinker protein at which F-actin networks are both connected and labile. Another ABP, cofilin, severs F-actin filaments at high pH through increasing their bending flexibility and concentrating mechanical stress, inducing fragmentation. By contrast, at lower pH, cofilin increases filament flexibility yet does not sever. Instead, it forms disulfide bonds, which crosslink F-actin into bundles, and bundles into networks. Here, we combine light microscopy and rheology to determine the impact of two potentially opposing effects on the mechanics of F-actin networks—increased flexibility at the filament level, and increased connectivity at the network level. Indeed, by linear rheology, we find that these mechanisms are counterbalanced, such that cofilactin network moduli are only weakly dependent on cofilin concentration over a broad range, in contrast to the dramatic stiffening that occurs with F-actin crosslinking protein. Further, by nonlinear rheology, the network stiffens at a higher stress than crosslinking protein, indicative of a broader range in which the material remains flexible. These results may enable F-actin networks to increase connectivity without heavy penalties to rigidity, and thus provide a new route to modulating active polymer mechanics unseen using traditional F-actin accessory proteins.

关键词： Biomimetic & bio-inspired materials Biomolecular self-assembly Living matter & active matter Persistence length Polymer entanglement Rheological properties Rheology Shear deformation Strain

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