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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 42页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Post-Operative Recovery Process Assessment of Total Hip Arthroplasty with Instrumented Implant

Post-Operative Recovery Process Assessment of Total Hip Arth...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Carlos Rodrigues Miguel Correia João Abrantes Marco Rodrigues Jurandir Nadal C-BER - Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal MovLab - Laboratory of Technologies for Interactions and Interfaces CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication Culture and New Technologies Lisbon Portugal Department of Electronic and Systems Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350387025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387032

This study presents variability assessment of real time measurements from in-vivo internal joint loads with instrumented implant during post-operative (PO) recovery process from total hip arthroplasty on daily living gait activities. A total of 112 trials walking supported by crutches in both hands, contralateral and ipsilateral sides, walking on treadmill at constant velocities, accelerating, decelerating and free walking, were assessed from 9 different patients ranging 0.3 to 76-month PO. Variability was assessed based on standard deviation of the vertical joint load normalized to each subject body weight with this metric adequacy to monitor PO recover.

关键词： Legged locomotion Temperature measurement Force measurement Instruments Force Time series analysis Implants

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The Role of Aldehyde-Functionalized Crosslinkers on the Property of Chitosan Hydrogels (vol 22, 2100477, 2022)

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MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE 2022年第10期22卷 2100477-2100477页

作者： Yeh, Ying-Yu Tsai, Yu-Ting Wu, Chun-Yu Tu, Ling-Hsien Bai, Meng-Yi Yeh, Yi-Cheun Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 11677 Taiwan Biomedical Engineering Program Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan Adjunct Appointment to the Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan

Chitosan has been utilized as a popular biopolymer to fabricate hydrogels for biomedical applications. However, chitosan hydrogels are generally too brittle to mimic the deformability of the extracellular matrix in many tissues and organs. In particular, the role of the varied crosslinkers in determining the elasticity of chitosan hydrogels is lack of discussion. Here, three aldehyde-functionalized crosslinkers (i.e., aldehyde-modified poly(xylitol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (APP), glutaraldehyde (GA), and polydextran aldehyde (PDA)) are used to react with quaternized chitosan (QCS) through imine bonds to form hydrogels. The microstructures, mechanical performances, and cytocompatibility of the three hydrogels are systematically investigated. The APP/QCS hydrogels presented the best compressive and stretch properties among the three hydrogels. The mechanical property and antibacterial activity of APP/QCS hydrogels can be further modulated using varied QCS amounts, where more QCS contributed higher stiffness and stretchability as well as better bacterial inhibition to the APP/QCS hydrogels. Taken together, it is demonstrated that the inherent elastomeric characteristic of APP crosslinker provides the desirable elasticity and stretchability to QCS hydrogels compared to the other aldehyde-functionalized crosslinkers of GA and PDA. This strategy of using multivalent elastomeric crosslinkers to fabricate deformable chitosan hydrogels can expand the use of chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering applications.

关键词： antibacterial property chitosan elasticity hydrogels stretchability

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Nonlinear interaction of two cross-propagating plane waves

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Matalliotakis, A. Maresca, D. Verweij, M.D. Section of Medical Imaging Department of Imaging Physics Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CJ Netherlands Section of Biomedical Engineering Department of Cardiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam3000 CA Netherlands

An ideal contrast-enhanced ultrasound image should display microbubble-induced nonlinearities while avoiding wave propagation nonlinearities. One of the most successful ultrasound pulse se- quences to disentangle these nonlinear effects relies on the transmission of cross-propagating plane waves. However, theory describing the noncollinear nonlinear interaction of two finite plane waves has not been fully developed and a better understanding of these effects would improve contrast- enhanced ultrasound imaging further. Here, local nonlinear interactions at the intersection of two plane-waves are investigated by extending the Westervelt equation with a term including the La- grangian density. The Iterative Nonlinear Contrast Source (INCS) method is employed to numeri- cally solve this full nonlinear wave equation for two 3D finite cross-propagating pulsed plane waves. In addition, analytical expressions for the cross-propagation of two infinite continuous plane waves are derived. Numerical results obtained with INCS show good agreement with the analytical ex- pressions. Overall, the generated results show that the pressure associated with local nonlinear effects is two orders of magnitude lower than the pressure associated with global nonlinear effects. Local nonlinear effects are therefore expected to be negligible in the context of single-shot ultra- sound imaging, but they may influence approaches that subtract pressure fields such as amplitude modulation or pulse inversion. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Wave propagation

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Reducing Effective System Dimensionality with Long-Range Collective Dipole-Dipole Interactions

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第17期132卷 173803-173803页

作者： Ashwin K. Boddeti Yi Wang Xitlali G. Juarez Alexandra Boltasseva Teri W. Odom Vladimir Shalaev Hadiseh Alaeian Zubin Jacob Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA School of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA

Dimensionality plays a crucial role in long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs). We demonstrate that a resonant nanophotonic structure modifies the apparent dimensionality in an interacting ensemble of emitters, as revealed by population decay dynamics. Our measurements on a dense ensemble of interacting quantum emitters in a resonant nanophotonic structure with long-range DDIs reveal an effective dimensionality reduction to d¯=2.20(12), despite the emitters being distributed in 3D. This contrasts with the homogeneous environment, where the apparent dimension is d¯=3.00. Our work presents a promising avenue to manipulate dimensionality in an ensemble of interacting emitters.

关键词： Light-matter interaction Long-range interactions Metamaterials Optics & lasers Photonics Plasmonics Quantum optics

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Development of a Pixelated BaF2 Test Bed for Timing Applications

Development of a Pixelated BaF2 Test Bed for Timing Applicat...

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2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Jordan, Tyler A. Andrews, Madison T. Johnson, Christopher R. McKigney, Edward A. Stange, Sy Vetter, Kai Los AlamosNM87545 United States Los AlamosNM87545 United States University of California Department of Nuclear Engineering BerkeleyCA94720 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

Prototype pixelated BaF2 detectors for timing applications have been assembled using state-of-the-art commercial off-the-shelf components. 64 square rods of pure BaF2 (4.6 mm × 4.6 mm × 30 mm) are air-coupled in an 8 × 8 array to a Photonis XP85112 Planacon multianode microchannel plate photomultiplier tube;shortpass optical transmission interference filters may be inserted between the crystal array and photodetector to suppress the slow, self-trapped exciton luminescence. Three filter variants with different long wavelength cutoffs were tested experimentally, and the performance of each filter is assessed. The results of these and upcoming detector characterization exeriments will ascertain how well new technologies can leverage the unique timing properties of BaF2 in a practical system, and provide quantitative guidance for effective continued development. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： barium fluoride (BaF2) multianode microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) optical transmission interference filter

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Exploring Multiscale Quantum Media: High-Precision Efficient Numerical Solution of the Fractional Schrödinger equation, Eigenfunctions with Physical Potentials, and Fractionally-Enhanced Quantum Tunneling

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lewis, Joshua M. Carr, Lincoln D. Quantum Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Fractional evolution equations lack generally accessible and well-converged codes excepting anomalous diffusion. A particular equation of strong interest to the growing intersection of applied mathematics and quantum information science and technology is the fractional Schrödinger equation, which describes sub-and super-dispersive behavior of quantum wavefunctions induced by multiscale media. We derive a computationally efficient sixth-order split-step numerical method to converge the eigenfunctions of the FSE to arbitrary numerical precision for arbitrary fractional order derivative. We demonstrate applications of this code to machine precision for classic quantum problems such as the finite well and harmonic oscillator, which take surprising twists due to the non-local nature of the fractional derivative. For example, the evanescent wave tails in the finite well take a Mittag-Leffer-like form which decay much slower than the well-known exponential from integer-order derivative wave theories, enhancing penetration into the barrier and therefore quantum tunneling rates. We call this effect fractionally enhanced quantum tunneling. This work includes an open source code for communities from quantum experimentalists to applied mathematicians to easily and efficiently explore the solutions of the fractional Schrödinger equation in a wide variety of practical potentials for potential realization in quantum tunneling enhancement and other quantum applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Statistical mechanics of thermostatically controlled multizone buildings

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Physical Review E 2023年第3期107卷 034140-034140页

作者： Lucas Fuentes Valenzuela Lindell Williams Michael Chertkov Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Cornell University 109 Clark Hall Ithaca New York 14853 USA Program in Applied Mathematics & Department of Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita Tucson Arizona 85721 USA

We study the collective phenomena and constraints associated with the aggregation of individual cooling units from a statistical mechanics perspective. These units are modeled as thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and represent zones in a large commercial or residential building. Their energy input is centralized and controlled by a collective unit—the air handling unit (AHU)—delivering cool air to all TCLs, thereby coupling them together. Aiming to identify representative qualitative features of the AHU-to-TCL coupling, we build a simple but realistic model and analyze it in two distinct regimes: the constant supply temperature (CST) and the constant power input (CPI) regimes. In both cases, we center our analysis on the relaxation dynamics of individual TCL temperatures to a statistical steady state. We observe that while the dynamics are relatively fast in the CST regime, resulting in all TCLs evolving around the control set point, the CPI regime reveals the emergence of a bimodal probability distribution and two, possibly strongly separated, timescales. We observe that the two modes in the CPI regime are associated with all TCLs being in the same low or high airflow states, with an occasional collective transition between the modes akin to Kramer's phenomenon in statistical physics. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has been overlooked in building energy systems despite its direct operational implications. It highlights a trade-off between occupational comfort—related to zonal temperature variations—and energy consumption.

关键词： Electric power transmission Energy-efficient infrastructure engineering Fluctuations & noise Irreversible processes Fokker–Planck equation Langevin algorithm Langevin equation Monte Carlo methods physics & society

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Instability of an active fluid jet

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Physical Review Fluids 2022年第9期7卷 093102-093102页

作者： Takuji Ishikawa Thanh-Nghi Dang Eric Lauga Department of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom

The breakup of a fluid jet into droplets has long fascinated natural scientists, with early research dating back to the 19th century. Infinitesimal perturbations to a jet grow because of surface tension, which eventually leads to breakup of the jet into droplets (Rayleigh-Plateau instability). Although this classical phenomenon has long been studied, it is not clear how it is modified when the fluid is replaced by an active fluid. In this study, we investigate instabilities of a jet of an active fluid. The active fluid is modeled by a suspension of microswimmers that propel themselves by generating surface tangential velocities, i.e., squirmers. The squirmers are assumed to be bottom-heavy and heavier than the surrounding fluid, so that a downward jet of the active fluid self-assembles under gravity. Hydrodynamic interactions between squirmers are computed using the Stokesian dynamics method, in which near-field hydrodynamics are accurately calculated. We find that jets of active fluids are unstable, with different unstable modes between pullers and pushers. For an active fluid of pullers, the jet breaks up into droplets in a varicose manner reminiscent of a Newtonian fluid. For pushers, however, the jet buckles and undergoes a waving (sinuous) instability. The physical mechanisms for these two instabilities can be understood by an inspection of the stress fields in the jets, and parametric study reveals the importance of hydrodynamic interactions in the instabilities. Although both gravity and bottom-heaviness play an essential role in realizing the downward jet, their influence on the instability is found to be limited. Our findings help reveal new features of the collective properties of active fluids.

关键词： Collective behavior Flow instability Instability of free-surface flows Swimming

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Inferring Single-Cell Transcriptomic Dynamics with Structured Latent Gene Expression Dynamics

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Farrell, Spencer Mani, Madhav Goyal, Sidhartha Department of Physics University of Toronto Canada Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern University United States NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology Northwestern University United States Department of Molecular Biosciences Northwestern University United States Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Canada

Gene expression dynamics provide directional information for trajectory inference from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Traditional approaches compute local RNA velocity using strict assumptions about the equations describing transcription and splicing of RNA. Not surprisingly, these approaches fail where these assumptions are violated, such as in multiple lineages with distinct gene dynamics or time-dependent kinetic rates of transcription and splicing. In this work we present "LatentVelo", a novel approach to compute a low-dimensional representation of gene dynamics with deep learning. Our approach embeds cells into a latent space with a variational auto-encoder, and describes differentiation dynamics on this latent space with neural ordinary differential equations. These more general dynamics enable accurate trajectory inference, and the latent space approach enables the generation of a latent "dynamics-based" embedding of cell states. To model multiple distinct lineages, LatentVelo infers a latent regulatory state that controls the dynamics of an individual cell. With these lineage-specific dynamics LatentVelo can predict latent trajectories, describing global inferred developmental path for individual cells, rather than just outputting local RNA velocity vectors. The dynamics-based embedding also enables concurrent batch correction of cell states and RNA velocity, outperforming comparable auto-encoder based batch correction methods that do not consider gene expression dynamics. Finally, the flexible structure of LatentVelo enables additional of new regulatory constraints required to integrate multiomic data. LatentVelo is available at https://***/Spencerfar/LatentVelo. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trajectories

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