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Preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis using deep learning-based features

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2022年第1期5卷 88-98页

作者： Renee Cattell Jia Ying Lan Lei Jie Ding Shenglan Chen Mario Serrano Sosa Chuan Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityNY 11794 Stony BrookUSA Department of Radiation Oncology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Program in Public Health Stony Brook MedicineStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Medicine Northside Hospital GwinnettGA 30046 LawrencevilleUSA Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Radiology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794US

Lymph node involvement increases the risk of breast cancer *** accurate non-invasive assessment of nodal involvement is valuable in cancer staging,surgical risk,and cost *** has been proposed to pre-operatively predict sentinel lymph node(SLN)status;however,radiomic models are known to be sensitive to acquisition *** purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for preoperative prediction of SLN metastasis using deep learning-based(DLB)features and compare its predictive performance to state-of-the-art ***,this study aimed to compare the generalizability of radiomics vs DLB features in an independent test set with dissimilar *** contrast-enhancement images from 198 patients(67 positive SLNs)were used in this *** these subjects,163 had an in-plane resolution of 0.7×0.7 mm^(2),which were randomly divided into a training set(approximately 67%)and a validation set(approximately 33%).The remaining 35 subjects with a different in-plane resolution(0.78×0.78 mm^(2))were treated as independent testing set for *** methods were employed:(1)conventional radiomics(CR),and(2)DLB features which replaced hand-curated features with pre-trained VGG-16 *** threshold determined using the training set was applied to the independent validation and testing *** feature reduction,feature selection,model creation procedures were used for both *** the validation set(same resolution as training),the DLB model outperformed the CR model(accuracy 83%vs 80%).Furthermore,in the independent testing set of the dissimilar resolution,the DLB model performed markedly better than the CR model(accuracy 77%vs 71%).The predictive performance of the DLB model outperformed the CR model for this *** interestingly,these improvements were seen particularly in the independent testing set of dissimilar *** could indicate that DLB features can ultimately result in a mor

关键词： Deep learning Radiomics Prediction model Lymph node metastasis Breast cancer

engineering the directionality of hot carrier tunneling in plasmonic tunneling structures

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Abbasi, Mahdiyeh Liao, Shusen Zhu, Yunxuan Natelson, Douglas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Tunneling metal-insulator-metal (MIM) junctions can exhibit an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV) response under illumination that may be useful for photodetection. One mechanism for photovoltage generation is hot carrier tunneling, in which photoexcited carriers generate a net photocurrent that must be balanced by a drift current in the open-circuit configuration. We present experiments in electromigrated planar MIM structures, designed with asymmetric plasmonic properties using Au and Pt electrodes. Decay of optically excited local plasmonic modes preferentially creates hot carriers on the Au side of the junction, leading to a clear preferred directionality of the hot electron photocurrent and hence a preferred polarity of the resulting OCPV. In contrast, in an ensemble of symmetric devices constructed from only one Au, polarity of the OCPV has no preferred direction. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plasmonics

Reversible Actuation of α-Borophene Nanoscrolls

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fabris, Guilherme S.L. Galvão, D.S. Paupitz, Ricardo Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Pelotas RS Pelotas96010-610 Brazil Applied Physics Department State University of Campinas SP Campinas13083-970 Brazil Sao Paulo State University - Unesp Physics Department SP Rio ClaroCEP-13506-900 Brazil

In this work, we proposed and investigated the structural and electronic properties of boron-based nanoscrolls (armchair and zigzag) using the DFTB+ method. We also investigated the electroactuation process (injecting and removing charges). A giant electroactuation was observed, but the results show relevant differences between the borophene and carbon nanoscrolls. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that the scrolls are thermally and structurally stable for a large range of temperatures (up to 600K) and the electroactuation process can be easily tuned and can be entirely reversible for some configurations. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

Protein folding as a jamming transition

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Liu, Zhuoyi Logan, Jack A. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins fold to a specific functional conformation with a densely packed hydrophobic core that controls their stability. We develop a geometric, yet all-atom model for proteins that explains the universal core packing fraction of φc = 0.55 found in experimental measurements. We show that as the hydrophobic interactions increase relative to the temperature, a novel jamming transition occurs when the core packing fraction exceeds φc. The model also recapitulates the global structure of proteins since it can accurately refold to native-like structures from partially unfolded states. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

Enhanced ionizing radiation shielding using zinc oxide nanorods thin film doped with bismuth nitrate and polyethylene oxide

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Radiation physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Al-Balushi, Mohamed Abdulsattar Abdul Sani, S.F. Tajuddin, Hairul Anuar Taheri, A. Ding Wong, Jeannie Hsiu Ahmed, Naser M. Hisham, Shameer Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Key-skills Physics Group Seeb Vocational College Muscat114 Oman Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group CCDCU School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor 47500 Malaysia Department of Biomedical Imaging Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Laser and Optoelectronics Department Dijlah University College Baghdad Iraq Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia

The increasing demand for lightweight, eco-friendly, and non-toxic radiation shielding materials has driven significant research into alternatives to conventional shielding solutions. This study focuses on the development of zinc oxide nanorods thin films (ZnONRs-TFs) as a potential candidate for X-ray radiation protection. The films, synthesized via the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, were designed in single-layer and double-layer configurations combined with bismuth nitrate (BN) and PEO polymer. Their shielding properties were evaluated through both experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations across an X-ray photon energy range of 60–120 kVp. The results revealed that at lower energy levels (60–80 kVp), ZnONRs-TFs doped with 1g of BN exhibited superior shielding performance, attributed to the high atomic number (Z = 83), which enhances photon absorption. In addition, thinner films demonstrated higher linear attenuation coefficients (μ) due to improved packing density, filling interstitial spaces and voids within the nanostructure. At higher energy levels (90–120 kVp), a notable reduction in shielding performance was observed for all samples, driven by increased photon penetration and the prevalence of Compton scattering. Monte Carlo simulations showed strong agreement with experimental results at higher kVp levels (less than 2 % deviation), while discrepancies (∼20 %) at lower energies were attributed to experimental uncertainties, including X-ray tube calibration and secondary photon contributions. The ZnONRs-TFs doped with 1g of BN configuration enhanced shielding across all energy ranges, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and lightweight alternative for ionizing radiation protection. This study contributes to advancing thinner, environmentally friendly radiation shielding materials through nanotechnology. © 2025

关键词： Nanorods

MRI quantification of liver fibrosis using diamagnetic susceptibility: An ex-vivo feasibility study.

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Chao Zhang, Jinwei Dimov, Alexey V. de González, Anne K. Koehne Prince, Martin R. Li, Jiahao Romano, Dominick Spincemaille, Pascal Nguyen, Thanh D. Brittenham, Gary M. Wang, Yi Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY United States Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY United States Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Pathology Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Pediatrics Columbia University New YorkNY United States

In chronic liver disease, liver fibrosis develops as excessive deposition of extracellular matrix macromolecules, predominantly collagens, progressively form fibrous scars that disrupt the hepatic architecture, and fibrosis, iron, and fat are interrelated. Fibrosis is the best predictor of morbidity and mortality in chronic liver disease but liver biopsy, the reference method for diagnosis and staging, is invasive and limited by sampling and interobserver variability and risks of complications. The overall objective of this study was to develop a new non-invasive method to quantify fibrosis using diamagnetic susceptibility sources with histology validation in ex vivo liver explants. In 20 formalin-fixed liver explant sections, histological examination provided semiquantitative staging of fibrosis, iron, and steatosis. Fibrous extracellular matrix components, primarily fibrillar collagens, are diamagnetic while iron is paramagnetic. From multi-echo gradient echo (mGRE) data, proton density fat fraction (PDFF), QSM, R2*, and R2*based negative susceptibility maps were generated. R2*based susceptibility distinguished samples with no or mild fibrosis (stages F0 to F1) from moderate to advanced fibrosis (stages F2 to F3;p=0.0025), and stages F2 to F3 from cirrhosis (stage F4;p=0.021), and provided an 0.987 (p=0.0017) area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic to differentiate between samples with no, mild or moderate fibrosis (stages F0 to F1) and those with significant fibrosis or cirrhosis (stages F2 to F4) with a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100%. This diagnostic utility of R2*based negative susceptibility was superior to that of R2 derived from multi-echo spin echo data, R2*, R2'=R2*-R2, R2' based negative susceptibility, or QSM. These results provide evidence that negative susceptibility modeled from QSM and R2*could improve the MRI staging of fibrosis in chronic liver disease. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Diamagnetism

Micropatterning of acoustic droplet vaporization in acoustically-responsive scaffolds using extrusion-based bioprinting

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Bioprinting 2022年 25卷 e00188页

作者： Aliabouzar, Mitra Ley, Adam W.Y. Meurs, Sabine Putnam, Andrew J. Baker, Brendon M. Kripfgans, Oliver D. Fowlkes, J. Brian Fabiilli, Mario L. Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

Acoustically-responsive scaffolds (ARSs) are composite hydrogels that respond to ultrasound in an on-demand, spatiotemporally-controlled manner due to the presence of a phase-shift emulsion. When exposed to ultrasound, a gas bubble is formed within each emulsion droplet via a mechanism termed acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). In previous in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrated that ADV can control regenerative processes by releasing growth factors and/or modulating micromechanics in ARSs. Precise, spatial patterning of emulsion within an ARS could be beneficial for ADV-induced modulation of biochemical and biophysical cues. However, precise patterning is limited using conventional bulk polymerization techniques. Here, we developed an extrusion-based method for bioprinting ARSs with micropatterned structures. Emulsions were loaded within bioink formulations containing fibrin, hyaluronic acid and/or alginate. Experimental as well as theoretical studies elucidated the interrelations between printing parameters, needle geometry, rheological properties of the bioink, and the process-induced mechanical stresses during bioprinting. The shear thinning properties of the bioinks enabled use of lower extrusion pressures resulting in decreased shear stresses and shorter residence times, thereby facilitating high viability for cell-loaded bioinks. Bioprinting yielded greater alignment of fibrin fibers in ARSs compared to conventionally polymerized ARSs. Bioprinted ARSs also enabled generation of ADV at high spatial resolutions, which were otherwise not achievable in conventional ARSs, and acoustically-driven collapse of ADV-induced bubbles. Overall, bioprinting could aid in optimizing ARSs for therapeutic applications. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Acoustic droplet vaporization Bioink Bioprinting Fibrin Micropatterning Phase-shift emulsion Ultrasound

PVA-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting: A comprehensive review of their applications in tissue engineering

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Bioprinting 2025年 49卷

作者： Johari, Narges Adabavazeh, Zary Baino, Francesco Materials Engineering Group Golpayegan College of Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Golpayegan Iran Ph.D. Program Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy

3D bioprinting is an innovative approach that overcomes the limitations of traditional methods for creating cell-laden biomaterials and constructs. It allows for the fabrication of complex and biologically active tissue structures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based bioinks within a 3D bioprinting framework. PVA-based bioinks exhibit remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to enhance cell growth and differentiation. These properties make them appropriate for many tissue engineering applications. The study evaluates the physicochemical and biological properties of PVA bioinks, including how they combine with other materials such as gelatin, chitin, chitosan, alginate, agarose, cellulose, κ-carrageenan, methacrylate, nanoparticles, mineral additives, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, this review evaluates the benefits of market availability and enhanced printing resolution, in addition to the challenges posed by complexity, dependency on support baths, and the risk of contamination. The objective of this review is to draw attention to the capabilities of PVA-based bioinks and provide guidelines for future research to improve the effectiveness of these materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Bioink Bioprinting Polyvinyl alcohol PVA-based bioinks

Terahertz spin dynamics in rare-earth orthoferrites

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Photonics Insights 2022年第2期1卷 1-56页

作者： Xinwei Li Dasom Kim Yincheng Liu Junichiro Kono Department of Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonUSA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonUSA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice UniversityHoustonUSA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice UniversityHoustonUSA

Recent interest in developing fast spintronic devices and laser-controllable magnetic solids has sparked tremendous experimental and theoretical efforts to understand and manipulate ultrafast dynamics in *** of spin dynamics in the terahertz(THz)frequency range are particularly important for elucidating microscopic pathways toward novel device ***,we review THz phenomena related to spin dynamics in rare-earth orthoferrites,a class of materials promising for antiferromagnetic *** expand this topic into a description of four key elements.(1)We start by describing THz spectroscopy of spin excitations for probing magnetic phase transitions in thermal *** acoustic magnons are useful indicators of spin reorientation transitions,electromagnons that arise from dynamic magnetoelectric couplings serve as a signature of inversion-symmetry-breaking phases at low temperatures.(2)We then review the strong laser driving scenario,where the system is excited far from equilibrium and thereby subject to modifications to the free-energy *** pathways for ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic order are discussed.(3)Furthermore,we review a variety of protocols to manipulate coherent THz magnons in time and space,which are useful capabilities for antiferromagnetic spintronic applications.(4)Finally,new insights into the connection between dynamic magnetic coupling in condensed matter and the Dicke superradiant phase transition in quantum optics are *** presenting a review on an array of THz spin phenomena occurring in a single class of materials,we hope to trigger interdisciplinary efforts that actively seek connections between subfields of spintronics,which will facilitate the invention of new protocols of active spin control and quantum phase engineering.

关键词： terahertz spin dynamics magnetism orthoferrite ultrafast spectroscopy magneto-optics