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Effect of Pd functionalization on optical and hydrogen sensing properties of ZnO: Eu films

Optik 2025年 325卷

作者： Nagpal, Rajat Lupan, Cristian Buzdugan, Artur Ghenea, Vladislav Lupan, Oleg Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty CIM Technical University of Moldova 168 Stefan cel Mare str. Chisinau MD-2004 Moldova Institute for Materials Science Chair for Functional Nanomaterials Faculty of Engineering Kaiserstraße 2 KielD-24143 Germany Institute of Applied Physics Moldova State University 60 str. Alexei Mateevici Chisinau MD-2009 Moldova

ZnO: Eu films have been functionalized with Pd nanoparticles of sizes (5–15 nm) synthesized by a chemical solution approach. Morphological and optical characterizations were carried out using SEM and transmission spectroscopy. The effects of Pd functionalization on the ZnO: Eu columnar microstructures have been investigated by analysing the photo response, photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), detectivity, and carrier dynamics rate. The Pd functionalized ZnO: Eu films (Pd40/ZnO: Eu) show a higher photo response (∼33), about three times higher compared to bare ZnO: Eu films (∼12.4) at 100 ℃. This can be explained by photocarrier transfer from the ZnO conduction band to the Fermi level of PdO and electron trapping on the sensing surface due to oxygen adsorption. A remarkable EQE and detectivity were found for both sample sets, Pd40/ZnO: Eu (∼930 %, ∼2˟1013 Jones) and ZnO: Eu (∼2030 %, ∼1.71˟1013 Jones). High UV–visible rejection ratio (R280 nm/R443 nm) of ∼82 is found, indicating good spectral selectivity. The effect of irradiance on photoresponsivity and recovery time has also been investigated and shows that increasing irradiance leads to an increase in electron-hole pair generation at a faster rate, contributing to higher photoresponsivity and faster recovery. Pd-functionalization results in higher gas sensing response of ∼15 and improved selectivity to 100 ppm hydrogen at lower operating temperatures for Pd40/ZnO: Eu films. The proposed columnar microstructures may enable advanced photodetector applications at relatively low bias voltage (∼50 mV). In this work, the importance towards Pd functionalization for H2 gas sensing and UV detection is presented. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Photodetectors

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In-situ growth of novel iron oxide/iron organic framework composites as efficient electroactive materials of battery supercapacitor hybrids

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Journal of Energy Storage 2024年 97卷

作者： Kuo, Tsung-Rong Saukani, Muhammad Kuo, Tsung-Rong Kubendhiran, Subbiramaniyan Wang, Yu-Min Tai, Po-Chun Wu, Chang-Feng Lin, Lu-Yin Kongvarhodom, Chutima Kongvarhodom, Chutima Husain, Sadang Yougbaré, Sibidou Chen, Hung-Ming International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-u-thit Toong-kru Bangkok10140 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick FrederictonNBE3B5A3 Canada Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin70124 Indonesia /Nanoro 03 B.P 7192 Ouagadougou03 Burkina Faso Gingen technology Co. LTD. Rm. 7 10F. No.189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei11054 Taiwan

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) with a high theoretical capacitance, wide potential ranges and easy availability has attracted much attentions as the electrode material of battery supercapacitor hybrids (BSH). Metal–organic framework (MOF) is one of the promising potential energy storage materials due to its large surface area and controllable pore structures. In this work, novel iron oxide/iron organic framework composites (Fe2O3/FeMOF) are in-situ grown on the Ni foam as efficient energy storage electrodes of BSH. By tuning the solvothermal durations, the morphology changes from random sizes of sheets, regular grown vertical sheets, to flower-like structures. The d-spacing also increases for the Fe2O3/FeMOF synthesized using longer solvothermal durations. The optimal Fe2O3/FeMOF electrode synthesized using 9 h shows a high areal capacitance of 10.97 F/cm2 along with an areal capacity of 5.49 F/cm2 at the current density of 35 mA/cm2, owing to the most regular growth of sheets, the large d-spacing, and the smallest charge-transfer resistances. A BSH composed of the Fe2O3/FeMOF positive electrode and a graphene negative electrode shows a maximum energy density of 0.76 mWh/cm2 at 22.5 mW/cm2. The excellent long-term cycling stability with the capacitance retention of 85% and Coulombic efficiency of 98% are also achieved after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Incorporating self-assembled MXene to improve electrical conductivity of novel ZIF67 derivatives induced by NH4BF4 and NH4HF2 for energy storage

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Journal of Energy Storage 2024年 82卷

作者： Lee, Pin-Yan Chiou, Yu-Ren Cheng, Cheng-Siang Chen, Yu-Chun Kongvarhodom, Chutima Chen, Hung-Ming Yougbaré, Sibidou Husain, Sadang Ho, Kuo-Chuan Kuo, Tsung-Rong Lin, Lu-Yin Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-u-thit Toong-kru Bangkok10140 Thailand Gingen technology Co. LTD. Rm. 7 10F. No.189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei11054 Taiwan /Nanoro 03 B.P 7192 Ouagadougou03 Burkina Faso Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin70124 Indonesia International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) with high surface area and tunable pore size are considered as a promising active material for energy storage, but the low electrical conductivity restricts its performance. Developing ZIF67 derivatives with improved electrical conductivity is necessary to broaden its application in electrochemical fields. In this work, two strategies are applied to improve electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of ZIF67. Novel structure directing agents of NH4BF4 and NH4HF2 are used to synthesize ZIF67 derivatives with higher theoretical capacitances and favorable layered structures. Self-assembled MXene with different amounts is further incorporated in ZIF67 derivatives to establish composites. The optimal composite electrode shows a high specific capacitance (CF) of 1410.4 F/g (775.6C/g) at 20 mV/s, while the ZIF67 derivative electrode without MXene only shows a CF value of 942.3 F/g (518.3C/g), due to the high surface area and better pore structure as well as the close combination of MXene and the layered ZIF67 derivative for the former case. An energy storage device with the optimal composite and carbon electrodes shows the maximum energy density of 32.40 Wh/kg at 375 W/kg. The Coulombic efficiency of 100% and the CF retention of 77.4% are also achieved after 10,000 cycles. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Energy storage

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PFAS compounds PFOA and Gen X are teratogenic to sea urchin embryos

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Developmental Biology 2025年 525卷 139-154页

作者： Lion, Alexandra T. Bodine, Sophie M. McCutcheon, Kelley R. Ghogale, Mayank Chandragiri, Santhan Abayawardena, Deema Shrestha, Bikram D. Descoteaux, Abigail Alvarez, Kathryn Balkman, J'nesse A. Cocke, Breelyn Wikramanayake, Athula H. Schlezinger, Jennifer Wong, Joyce Y. Prakash, Vivek N. Bradham, Cynthia A. Molecular Biology Cell Biology and Biochemistry Program Boston University Boston MA United States Biology Department Boston University Boston MA United States Bioinformatics Program Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Physics University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States Biological Design Center College of Engineering Boston University Boston MA United States Environmental Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami Miami FL United States

Per-and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds used in the production of fluoropolymer coatings found in products such as non-stick pans, clothing, cosmetics, and food packaging. These highly persistent molecules are known as “forever chemicals” since they neither degrade environmentally nor break down enzymatically within biological systems. PFAS compounds readily contaminate water sources, and as a result, certain PFAS molecules have bioaccumulated in exposed species including humans. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of two PFAS molecules, the ostensibly more toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and the more recent, reportedly safer chemical hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen X), on the development of Lytechinus variegatus sea urchin embryos. We examined the effects of PFOA and Gen X on development and patterning using morphological analysis, immunostaining, HCR-FISH, and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The results show that both PFAS compounds are teratogenic to sea urchin embryos. PFOA and Gen X each function at different intervals during development and provoke distinct phenotypic and gene expression outcomes. Despite beliefs that Gen X would be a safer alternative, our findings indicate that Gen X has earlier and more severe effects on endomesoderm and dorsal-ventral axis specification, neural development and function, and pattern formation compared to PFOA. These results illustrate the dangerous teratogenic potential of environmentally accumulating PFAS like Gen X, underscoring the negative ecological implications that accompany continuing commercial and industrial use of PFAS in the absence of remediation strategies. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Cilia Gen X Neural PFOA Teratogen

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Improve robustness to mismatched sampling rate: An alternating deep low-rank approach for exponential function reconstruction and its biomedical magnetic resonance applications

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Journal of Magnetic Resonance 2025年 376卷 107898页

作者： Huang, Yihui Wang, Zi Zhang, Xinlin Cao, Jian Tu, Zhangren Lin, Meijin Li, Lv Jiang, Xianwang Guo, Di Qu, Xiaobo Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University-Neusoft Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Research and Development Center Biomedical Intelligent Cloud Research and Development Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China Neusoft Medical System China School of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen China

Undersampling accelerates signal acquisition at the expense of introducing artifacts. Removing these artifacts is a fundamental problem in signal processing and this task is also called signal reconstruction. Through modeling signals as the superimposed exponential functions, deep learning has achieved fast and high-fidelity signal reconstruction by training a mapping from the undersampled exponentials to the fully sampled ones. However, the mismatch, such as undersampling rates (25 % vs. 50 %), anatomical region (knee vs. brain), and contrast configurations (PDw vs. T2w), between the training and target data will heavily compromise the reconstruction. To overcome this limitation, we propose Alternating Deep Low-Rank (ADLR), which combines deep learning solvers and classic optimization solvers. Experimental validation on the reconstruction of synthetic and real-world biomedical magnetic resonance signals demonstrates that ADLR can effectively alleviate the mismatch issue and achieve lower reconstruction errors than state-of-the-art methods. © 2024

关键词： Exponential functions

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Application of 2-D and 3-D Geo-electrical Resistivity Tomography and Geotechnical Soil Evaluation for engineering Site Investigation:A Case Study of Okerenkoko Primary School,Warri-Southwest,Delta State,Nigeria

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Advances in Geological and Geotechnical engineering Research 2023年第2期5卷 1-23页

作者： U.Stanley Eze M.Edirin Okiotor J.E.Ighodalo B.Jennifer Owonaro A.Saleh Saleh A.Sikiru Jamiu Department of Earth Sciences Federal University of Petroleum ResourcesEffurun330102Nigeria Department of Marine Geology Nigeria Maritime UniversityOkerenkokoWarri SouthDelta State332105Nigeria Department of Physics(Applied Geophysics program) University of BeninBenin CityEdo State300213Nigeria Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Petroleum Training InstituteEffurun330102Nigeria

In the design of building structures,joint efforts must be decided to resolve the depth of competent layers across the intended site to safeguard the durability of civil engineering structures and to avert the disastrous consequences of structural failure and *** this study,an integrated methodology that employed DC resistivity tomography involving 2-D and 3-D techniques and geotechnical-soil analysis was used to evaluate subsoil conditions for engineering site investigation at Okerenkoko primary school,in the Warri-southwest area of Delta State,to adduce the phenomena responsible for the visible cracks/structural failure observed in the *** results obtained brought to light the geological structure beneath the subsurface,which consists of four geoelectric layers identified as topsoil,dry/lithified upper sandy layer,wet sand(water-saturated)and peat/clay/sandy clayey soil(highly water-saturated).The deeply-seated peat/clay materials(ρ≤20Ωm)were delineated in the study area to the depths of 17.1 m and 19.8 m from 2-D and 3-D tomography respectively.3-D images presented as horizontal depth slices revealed the dominance of very low resistivity materials ***/clay/sandy clay within the fourth,fifth and sixth layers at depths ranging from 8.68-12.5 m,12.5-16.9 m and 16.9-21.9 m *** dominance of mechanically unstable peat/clay/sandy clay layers beneath the subsurface,which are highly mobile in response to volumetric changes,is responsible for the noticeable cracks/failure detected on structures within the study *** observations were validated by a geotechnical test of soil samples in the study ***’s limits of the samples revealed plasticity indices of ***,the soil samples within the depth analyzed were representatives of sandy soil that does not possess any *** methods justifiably provided relevant information on the subsurface geology beneath the study site and should be appropriated as major tools for

关键词： 2D and 3D resistivity tomography engineering site/structure Atterberg limits Orthogonal lines Radar sounding

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Drone-borne calibration pulser for radio observatories detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos 38

Drone-borne calibration pulser for radio observatories detec...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Nam, J. Kuo, C.-Y. Shin, B.K. Chen, P. Chen, Y. Hsu, S.-Y. Huang, J.-J. Huang, M.-H.A. Leung, C.H. Liu, T.-C. Wang, S.-H. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, Y.-H. Besson, D. Novikov, A. Hornhuber, C. Young, R. Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Energy and Resources National United University Miaoli Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of applied physics National PingTung university PingTung900 Taiwan Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University TaoYuan335 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas Lawrence United States Instrumentation Design Lab University of Kansas Lawrence United States Moscow Russia Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Astronomy-Mathematics Building No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei Taiwan

We report on the development of a drone-borne calibration pulser (cal-pulser) for radio observatories detecting ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays and neutrinos. This system allows us to calibrate the radio detector in its field of view regardless of the accessibility of the site. The system is compact and sufficiently lightweight to be attached to a commercial drone. It consists of a solid-state high-power pulse generator, a programmable attenuator, a transmitting antenna, and a differential GPS (D-GPS) module. The drone, with the ∼1.3 kg payload, has a typical flight time of around 25 minutes, corresponding to a maximum flight distance of around 10 km. After developing the first version of the system in 2019, it successfully demonstrated its calibration performance with the TAROGE stations in Taiwan and the TAROGE-M station in Mt. Melbourne, Antarctica. In 2022, the system was upgraded with a dual-band D-GPS for more reliable operation and more accurate determination of the coordinates of the cal-pulser. In addition to the cal-pulser, we investigated aerial photogrammetry using the built-in camera and the D-GPS, which is an efficient method to determine the coordinates of the detector. For objects within 10 m of the drone, an accuracy of a few millimeter was achieved. These drone-borne cal-pulser and the photogrammetry have become essential calibration procedures in the TAROGE-M experiment. We suggest these approaches may find application in many other radio experiments that detect UHE cosmic rays and neutrinos, such as ARIANNA, BEACON, GRAND, as well as IceCube-Gen2. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Ground state phases of the two-dimension electron gas with a unified variational approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Smith, Conor Chen, Yixiao Levy, Ryan Yang, Yubo Morales, Miguel A. Zhang, Shiwei Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a fundamental model, which is drawing increasing interest because of recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies of 2D materials. Current understanding of the ground state of the 2DEG relies on quantum Monte Carlo calculations, based on variational comparisons of different ansatze for different phases. We use a single variational ansatz, a general backflow-type wave function using a message-passing neural quantum state architecture, for a unified description across the entire density range. The variational optimization consistently leads to lower ground-state energies than previous best results. Transition into a Wigner crystal (WC) phase occurs automatically at rs = 37±1, a density lower than currently believed. Between the liquid and WC phases, the same ansatz and variational search strongly suggest the existence of intermediate states in a broad range of densities, with enhanced short-range nematic spin correlations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Message passing

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Sagittal Lower Limb Joint Angular Phase-Plane Analysis at Long, Short and No-Countermovement

Sagittal Lower Limb Joint Angular Phase-Plane Analysis at Lo...

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Bioengineering (ENBENG), Portuguese Meeting in

作者： Carlos Rodrigues Miguel Correia João Abrantes Marco Rodrigues Jurandir Nadal C-BER - Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal MovLab - Laboratory of Technologies for Interactions and Interfaces CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication Culture and New Technologies Lisbon Portugal Department of Electronic and Systems Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study presents non-invasive subject specific analysis using innovative tools from dynamic systems theory and image processing for sagittal plane anatomical marker tracking and digital filtering for detection of normalized phase differences of lower limb joint angular displacement and angular velocity coordination during long and short countermovement (CM) and muscle stretch-shortening cycle. applied metrics captured at low-dimensional level (one variable - the phase) differences of CM neuromuscular control of lower limb joint coordination with greater dissimilarity between long and short CM, whereas no CM condition shares higher phase coordination at the hip, knee, ankle.

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Deep-UV Silicon Polaritonic Metasurfaces for Enhancing Biomolecule Autofluorescence and Two-Dimensional Material Double-Resonance Raman Scattering

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lee, Bo-Ray Chiang, Mao Feng Ho, Pei Ying Chen, Kuan-Heng Lee, Jia-Hua Hsu, Po Hsiang Peng, Yu Chieh Hou, Jun-Yi Chen, Shih-Chieh Lee, Qian-Yo Chang, Chun-Hao Li, Bor-Ran Lin, Tzu-En Lin, Chieh-Ting Shih, Min-Hsiung Lien, Der-Hsien Lin, Yu-Chuan Horng, Ray-Hua Kivshar, Yuri Tseng, Ming Lun Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30093 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of Physics Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia

High-performance deep ultraviolet (DUV) spectroscopy is crucial in driving innovations for biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, and material science. DUV resonant nanostructures have shown capabilities for significantly improving spectroscopy sensitivity. However, they encounter significant challenges in practical applications, including instability due to oxidation and light-induced damage, and the strong photoluminescent noise background from their constituent materials. We propose an efficient and robust DUV spectroscopy platform based on the polaritonic properties in all-dielectric silicon (Si) metasurfaces. Unlike conventional dielectric metasurfaces that rely on Mie-type modes, our approach leverages the polaritonic resonances in Si nanostructures-a striking yet underexplored property driven by interband transitions in the DUV regime-for nanophotonic sensing. A polaritonic Kerker-type void metasurface providing strong near-field enhancement localized on the surface was designed and fabricated. The metasurface facilitates double-resonance Raman scattering, a process that reveals key information about lattice dynamics and electronic structures, for analyzing 2D semiconductor monolayers. It also demonstrates superior stability in solvents and enhances biomolecule autofluorescence. These capabilities demonstrate the versatile potential of Si metasurfaces as a scalable, robust platform for interdisciplinary DUV spectroscopy applications, including advanced biomedical research and the investigation of emerging nanomaterials. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Raman scattering

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