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arXiv 2023年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Fisher, Aliza Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Previous studies have shown that the interiors of proteins are densely packed, reaching packing fractions that are as large as those found for static packings of individual amino-acid-shaped particles. How can the interiors of proteins take on such high packing fractions given that amino acids are connected by peptide bonds and many amino acids are hydrophobic with attractive interactions? We investigate this question by comparing the structural and mechanical properties of collapsed attractive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers to those of three reference systems: static packings of repulsive disks, of attractive disks, and of repulsive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers. We show that attractive systems quenched to temperatures below the glass transition T Tg and static packings of both repulsive disks and bead-spring polymers possess similar interior packing fractions. Previous studies have shown that static packings of repulsive disks are isostatic at jamming onset, i.e. the number of contacts Nc matches the number of degrees of freedom, which strongly influences their mechanical properties. We find that repulsive polymers are hypostatic at jamming onset, but effectively isostatic when including quartic modes. While attractive disk and polymer packings are hyperstatic, we identify a definition for interparticle contacts for which they can also be considered as effectively isostatic. As a result, we show that the mechanical properties (e.g. scaling of the potential energy with excess contact number and low-frequency contribution to the density of vibrational modes) of weakly attractive disk and polymer packings are similar to those of isostatic repulsive disk and polymer packings. Our results demonstrate that static packings generated via attractive collapse or compression of repulsive particles possess similar structural and mechanical properties. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Amino acids

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Characterizations of Second-order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility for ϵ-phase Gallium Oxide

Characterizations of Second-order Nonlinear Optical Suscepti...

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2022 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2022

作者： Zhou, Jingan Zhao, Xuan Xu, Rui Fu, Kai Li, Tao Xu, Mingfei He, Ziyi Robinson, Jacob T. Zhu, Hanyu Zhang, Xiaodong Zhao, Yuji Rice University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77005 United States Rice University Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Graduate Program HoustonTX77005 United States Rice University Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering HoustonTX77005 United States Arizona State University School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering TempeAZ85287 United States Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics CAS Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications Suzhou215123 China

ISBN: (数字)9781665453400

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453400

In this work, we report the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(2) for epsilon phase Gallium Oxide (ϵ-Ga2O3) thin film on sapphire. ϵ-Ga2O3 exhibits hexagonal P63mc space group symmetry, which is a non-centrosymmetric structure with non-zero second order susceptibility. By focusing a pulsed laser beam on to a polished ϵ-Ga2O3 thin film, we collected the generated second harmonic photons with an ultra-sensitive femtowatt photodetector, obtaining effective second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of χ(2) = 4.89×10-3 pm/V at wavelength of 800 nm. Two different measurement systems collecting reflected and transmitted photons were applied separately to make the result more convincing. The wavelength dependence from 790 nm to 900 nm and polarization dependence from TM mode to TE mode were measured as well. These results will be helpful for the design and fabrication of Ga2O3 based integrated photonics platform in the infrared-visible spectral range. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium compounds

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Instability of an active fluid jet

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ishikawa, Takuji Dang, Thanh-Nghi Lauga, Eric Department of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai980-8579 Japan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom

The breakup of a fluid jet into droplets has long fascinated natural scientists, with early research dating back to the 19th century. Infinitesimal perturbations to a jet grow because of surface tension, which eventually leads to breakup of the jet into droplets (Rayleigh-Plateau instability). Although this classical phenomenon has long been studied, it is not clear how it is modified when the fluid is replaced by an active fluid. In this study, we investigate instabilities of a jet of an active fluid. The active fluid is modelled by a suspension of microswimmers that propel themselves by generating surface tangential velocities, i.e. squirmers. The squirmers are assumed to be bottom-heavy and heavier than the surrounding fluid, so that a downward jet of the active fluid self-assembles under gravity. Hydrodynamic interactions between squirmers are computed using the Stokesian dynamics method, in which near-field hydrodynamics are accurately calculated. We find that jets of active fluids are unstable, with different unstable modes between pullers and pushers. For an active fluid of pullers, the jet breaks up into droplets in a varicose manner reminiscent of a Newtonian fluid. For pushers, on the other hand, the jet buckles and undergoes a waving (sinuous) instability. The physical mechanisms for these two instabilities can be understood by an inspection of the stress fields in the jets and parametric study reveals the importance of hydrodynamic interactions in the instabilities. Although both gravity and bottom-heaviness play an essential role in realizing the downward jet, their influence on the instability is found to be limited. Our findings help reveal new features of the collective properties of active fluids. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stability

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Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon Coupling in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon...

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Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： Dasom Kim Jin Hou Geon Lee Ayush Agrawal Sunghwan Kim Hao Zhang Di Bao Andrey Baydin Wenjing WU Fuyang Tay Shengxi Huang Daivd Hagenmüller Elbert E. M. Chia Dai-Sik Kim Minah Seo Aditya D. Mohite Junichiro Kono Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics Long-wavelength Nanotechnology Laboratory Quantum Photonics Institute Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Smalley-Curl institute Rice University Houston TX USA CESQ-ISIS (UMR 7006) Universite de Strasbourg and CNRS Strasbourg France KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

Methods for harnessing vibrational states are desired for phonon-based technologies. We realized ultrastrong coupling of two phonon modes in perovskite materials induced by ultrastrong coupling with a common photonic ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9798350372076

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372083

关键词： Couplings Phonons Laser modes Perovskites Electro-optical waveguides Photonics

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Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivi...

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Western New York Image Processing Workshop (WNYIPW)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Declan Walden Jing Cheng Julia Wallace Kiryl A. Niherysh Andrei V. Felsharuk Donats Erts Ivan Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics Rochester New York USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Institute of Chemical Physics University of Latvia Riga Latvia Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

We report preliminary results of extracting electrical parameters like DC conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration of single-layer graphene using Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission geometry. We utilize a simple Drude model and its extension, the Drude-Smith model, capable of accommodating charge carrier scattering by optical and acoustic phonons to describe the complex conductivity in graphene. We observed that a significant area of the sample scanned followed the Drude-Smith behavior, while at a few locations, the simple Drude behavior prevailed. We identified possible reasons that might contribute to this observation, like defects, the presence of polymer residue on the sample, or the sample strain. This research sheds new light on our understanding of graphene's electrical properties and lays the foundation for future investigations addressing defects and contaminants in graphene samples.

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Backcasting Perspectives on Services of Future Quantum Internet

Backcasting Perspectives on Services of Future Quantum Inter...

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Quantum Software (QSW), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Shota Nagayama Toshihiko Sasaki Akihito Soeda Mercari R4D Mercari Inc Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio University Fujisawa Japan Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Principles of Informatics Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan Informatics Program SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350368475

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368482

A quantum internet is an emerging quantum information technology, possibly becoming a pinnacle of wide-area distributed system allowed under the laws of physics. The current expansion of quantum technologies would lead to innumerable types of quantum systems, composed of various kinds of quantum devices connected by a dedicated quantum network. However, the (inter)connectivity offered by a quantum internet should ideally be agnostic of the technologies used by each component system. Furthermore, concurrent progresses of the quantum technologies complicate the task of defining what a quantum internet is. In this paper, we adopt a backcasting approach to elucidate what a quantum internet should be. We begin by discussing what we believe to be the requirements of an ultimate distributed quantum system, from which we explain what role a quantum internet would play in achieving this ultimate system. We then lead to more practical requirements on a quantum internet, considering the known and expected constraints in designing a quantum internet. We also organize and categorize the relationship among known quantum network technologies and services relevant to a quantum internet. We hope this document to lay a common ground for all the key stakeholders of a quantum internet, including researchers, industrial enterprises, and policy makers and regulators.

关键词： Quantum system Protocols Quantum mechanics Transportation Logic gates Internet Quantum networks

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Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography Image Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method 3

Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography I...

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3rd Annual Scientific Meeting on Medical physics and Biophysics, PIT-FMB in conjunction with the 17th South-East Asia Congress of Medical physics, SEACOMP 2019

作者： Fitriyah, N. Kurniawati, L.D. Purwanti, E. Astuti, S.D. Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Department of Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduate Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia

This research aims to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease on x-ray radiography image using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The images, which were used such as images of healthy pulmonary, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tumour. Pattern recognition was using an extraction feature of GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and back propagation method. Before being identified, the images were processed by median filter and adaptive histogram equalization. The GLCM features that used were homogeneity, energy, contrast, variance and correlation. The parameters were learning rate and hidden layer. Learning rate was 0.3 and hidden layer was 25. Back propagation training showed 100% accuracy, which all of 44 images were used had been successfully identified. From the result, the healthy pulmonary showed 60% accuracy, 83.3% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 100% for pulmonary tumor. Hence, the overall result showed 81.25% accuracy, which 13 of 16 images had been successfully identified. From these result, extraction feature of GLCM using back propagation method was capable to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease. However, due to narrow range of the feature, this application may not be used optimally for comparing features in every category of images. Therefore, the further research is needed to determine the best features and parameters of training back propagation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Magnetically tuned continuous transition from weak to strong coupling in terahertz magnon polaritons

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Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 L012039-L012039页

作者： Andrey Baydin Kenji Hayashida Takuma Makihara Fuyang Tay Xiaoxuan Ma Wei Ren Guohong Ma G. Timothy Noe, II Ikufumi Katayama Jun Takeda Hiroyuki Nojiri Shixun Cao Motoaki Bamba Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University 200444 Shanghai China Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Depending on the relative rates of coupling and dissipation, a light-matter coupled system is either in the weak- or strong-coupling regime. Here, we present a unique system where the coupling rate continuously increases with an externally applied magnetic field while the dissipation rate remains constant, allowing us to monitor a weak-to-strong coupling transition as a function of magnetic field. We observed a Rabi splitting of a terahertz magnon mode in yttrium orthoferrite above a threshold magnetic field of ∼14 T. Based on a microscopic theoretical model, we show that with increasing magnetic field the magnons transition into magnon polaritons through an exceptional point, which will open up new opportunities for in situ control of non-Hermitian systems.

关键词： Antiferromagnetism High magnetic fields Magneto-optics Magnons Polaritons Non-Hermitean systems Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Transfer matrix method

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Inverse non-linear problem of the long wave run-up on coast

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Rybkin, Alexei Pelinovsky, Efim Bobrovnikov, Oleksandr Palmer, Noah Pniushkova, Ekaterina Abramowicz, Daniel Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box 756660 FairbanksAK99775 United States HSE University Nizhny Novgorod Russia A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics Nizhny Novgorod Russia Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Mathematics University of San Francisco San FranciscoCA United States

The study of the process of catastrophic tsunami-type waves on the coast makes it possible to determine the destructive force of waves on the coast. In hydrodynamics, the one-dimensional theory of the run-up of non-linear waves on a flat slope has gained great popularity, within which rigorous analytical results have been obtained in the class of non-breaking waves. In general, the result depends on the characteristics of the wave approaching (or generated on) the slope, which is usually not known in the measurements. Here we describe a rigorous method for recovering the initial displacement in a source localised in an inclined power-shaped channel from the characteristics of a moving shoreline. The method uses the generalised Carrier-Greenspan transformation, which allows one-dimensional non-linear shallow-water equations to be reduced to linear ones. The solution is found in terms of Erdélyi-Kober integral operator. Numerical verification of our results is presented for the cases of a parabolic bay and an infinite plane beach. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Compact and Field Portable Biophotonic Sensors for Automated Cell Identification (Plenary Address)

Compact and Field Portable Biophotonic Sensors for Automated...

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International Conference on Optics and Electro-optics, ICOL 2019

作者： Javidi, Bahram O’Connor, Timothy Anand, Arun Moon, Inkyu Stern, Adrian Martinez-Corral, Manuel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT06269 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT06269 United States Department of Applied Physics M.S. University of Baroda Vadodara390001 India Department of Robotics Engineering DGIST 333 Techno Jungang-daero Daegu42988 Korea Republic of Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering Ben Gurion University of Negav Beer-Sheva84105 Israel Department of Optics University of Valencia Burjassot46100 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9789811592584

In this Plenary address paper, we overview recently published work for automated cell identification using 3D optical imaging in compact and field portable biophotonic sensors. Digital holographic microscopy systems and lensless pseudorandom phase encoding systems capture 3D information of biological cells and make highly accurate automated cell identification possible. Overviewed systems include sickle cell disease diagnosis based on spatio-temporal cell dynamics in a field-portable 3D-printed shearing digital holography as well as lensless cell identification of both single and multicell samples using pseudorandom phase encoding. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Cells

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