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Pairwise scattering and bound states of spherical microorganisms

Physical Review Fluids 2022年第1期7卷 013104-013104页

作者： C. Darveniza T. Ishikawa T. J. Pedley D. R. Brumley School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Centre for Mathematical Sciences Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom

The dynamic interactions between pairs of swimming microorganisms underpin the collective behavior of larger suspensions, but accurately calculating pairwise collisions has typically required the use of numerical simulations in which hydrodynamic interactions are fully resolved. In this paper, we utilize analytical expressions for forces and torques acting on two closely separated spherical squirmers—accurate to second order in the ratio of cell-cell spacing to squirmer radius—to calculate their scattering dynamics. Attention is limited to squirmers whose orientation vectors lie in the same plane. We characterize the outgoing angles of pairs of bottom-heavy squirmers in terms of their incoming angles, the squirmer parameter β, and the strength of the external gravitational field, discovering transient scattering, stationary bound states, pairwise swimming motion, and circular orbits. These results compare well with full numerical solutions obtained using boundary element methods, highlighting the utility of lubrication theory. We expect these results will be useful for the foundations of mesoscale continuum models for suspensions of spherical microorganisms.

关键词： Biological movement Swimming Flagella Low Reynolds number swimmers Suspensions

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In Reply to Schultheiss

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International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology physics 2021年第5期110卷 1541-1543页

作者： Moiseenko, Vitali Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona A. Huynh-Le, Minh-Phuong Marks, Lawrence B. Grimm, Jimm Milano, Michael T. Jackson, Andrew Yorke, Ellen Pettersson, Niclas Naqa, Issam El Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego La JollaCA United States Department of Radiation Oncology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC United States Department of Radiation Oncology Geisinger Health System DanvillePA United States Department of Radiation Oncology University of Rochester RochesterNY United States Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY United States Department of Radiation Physics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden Department of Machine Learning Moffitt Cancer Center TampaFL United States

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Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications

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ACS Nano 2023年第12期17卷 11087-11219页

作者： Choi, Dongwhi Lee, Younghoon Lin, Zong-Hong Cho, Sumin Kim, Miso Ao, Chi Kit Soh, Siowling Sohn, Changwan Jeong, Chang Kyu Lee, Jeongwan Lee, Minbaek Lee, Seungah Ryu, Jungho Parashar, Parag Cho, Yujang Ahn, Jaewan Kim, Il-Doo Jiang, Feng Lee, Pooi See Khandelwal, Gaurav Kim, Sang-Jae Kim, Hyun Soo Song, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Minje Nah, Junghyo Kim, Wook Menge, Habtamu Gebeyehu Park, Yong Tae Xu, Wei Hao, Jianhua Park, Hyosik Lee, Ju-Hyuck Lee, Dong-Min Kim, Sang-Woo Park, Ji Young Zhang, Haixia Zi, Yunlong Guo, Ru Cheng, Jia Yang, Ze Xie, Yannan Lee, Sangmin Chung, Jihoon Oh, Il-Kwon Kim, Ji-Seok Cheng, Tinghai Gao, Qi Cheng, Gang Gu, Guangqin Shim, Minseob Jung, Jeehoon Yun, Changwoo Zhang, Chi Liu, Guoxu Chen, Yufeng Kim, Suhan Chen, Xiangyu Hu, Jun Pu, Xiong Guo, Zi Hao Wang, Xudong Chen, Jun Xiao, Xiao Xie, Xing Jarin, Mourin Zhang, Hulin Lai, Ying-Chih He, Tianyiyi Kim, Hakjeong Park, Inkyu Ahn, Junseong Huynh, Nghia Dinh Yang, Ya Wang, Zhong Lin Baik, Jeong Min Choi, Dukhyun Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi Yongin17104 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Soft Robotics Research Center Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Gyeonggi Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Division of Advanced Materials Engineering Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Jeonbuk Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Jeonbuk Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Inha University 100 Inha-ro Incheon22212 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science & Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua Zhejiang Jiaxing314000 China Nanomaterials and System Lab Major of Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Applied Energy System Jeju National University Jeju632-43 Korea Republic of School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG128QQ United Kingdom Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of

Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Nanogenerators

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Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO Phonons in PbTe

Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instrumentation and Applied Physics Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos SP Brazil Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas USA

We have investigated the resonant coupling of photons with TO phonons in lead telluride in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the bare cavity–phonon frequency.

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Electric fields Numerical simulation Optical constants Photons Physical vapor deposition Terahertz spectroscopy

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Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupling Regime

Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupli...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Jacques Doumani Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos ampos SP Brazil Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We have studied the resonant and nonperturbative coupling of transverse optical phonons in lead telluride with photons in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the uncoupled phonon and cavity frequencies. Our terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experimental data, systematically collected as a function of sample thickness, temperature, and cavity length, can be well reproduced by our electromagnetic simulations. These results demonstrate that this uniquely tunable platform is promising for realizing and understanding predicted cavity-vacuum-induced ferroelectric instabilities, as well as for exploring applications of light-matter coupling in the ultra-and deep-strong coupling regimes in quantum technology.

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Physical Considerations for Cherenkov Radiation Based Coincidence Time Resolution Measurements in BGO

Physical Considerations for Cherenkov Radiation Based Coinci...

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2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Gonzalez-Montoro, Andrea Pourashraf, Shirin Cates, Joshua W. Merzi, Stefano Gola, Alberto Borghi, Giacomo Levin, Craig S. Stanford University Department of Radiology StanfordCA94305 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics BerkeleyCA94720 United States Fondazione Bruno Kessler TrentoI-38123 Italy Stanford University Depts. of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering CA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

Exploiting the Cherenkov luminescence from 511 keV photoelectric interactions is a potential solution to re-introduce BGO scintillators in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). Recent improvements in vacuum- and near- ultra-violet high density (VUV- and NUV-HD) silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology combined with efficient data post-processing methods, make it possible to access timing information from the relatively few Cherenkov photons emitted. To achieve good coincidence time resolution (CTR) also requires low noise and fast readout electronics with small effective capacitance, which is possible by employing bootstrapping *** this summary, we report the CTR evaluation of the new VUV-HD and NUV-HD enhanced SiPMs. Results using a (i) standard electronic board, and a (ii) custom designed board for timing measurements, are shown. After applying state-of-the-art correction methods, values below 400 ps CTR FWHM have been reported for 3×3 mm2 BGO crystals with lengths ranging from 3 to 15 mm, thus indicating the excellent performance of new SiPM technology combined with our custom design board. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Data handling

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Chiral cation promoted interfacial charge extraction for efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 789-796页

作者： Weiyin Gao He Dong Nan Sun Lingfeng Chao Wei Hui Qi Wei Hai Li Yingdong Xia Xingyu Gao Guichuan Xing Zhongbin Wu Lin Song Peter Müller-Buschbaum Chenxin Ran Yonghua Chen Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE)and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials&EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institution of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211816JiangsuChina Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LaboratoryShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Physik DepartmentTechnische Universität München.James-Franck-Str.185748 GarchingGermany Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(MLZ) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748 GarchingGermany

Pb-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have recently made inspiring progress, and power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 14.8% has been achieved. However, due to the energy-level mismatch and poor interfacial contact between commonly used hole transport layer(i.e., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio phene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) and FASnI_(3) film, it is still challenging to effectively extract holes at the interface. Owing to the p-type nature of Sn-based perovskites, the efficient hole extraction is of particular significance to improve the PCE of their solar cells. In this work, for the first time, the role of chiral cations, a-methylbenzylamine(S-/R-/rac-MBA), in promoting hole transportation of FASnI_(3)-based PSCs is demonstrated. The introduction of MBAs is found to form 2D/3D film with lowdimensional structures locating at PEDOT:PSS/FASnI_(3) interface, which facilitates the energy level alignment and efficient charge transfer at the interface. Importantly, chiral-induced spin selectivity(CISS)effect of R-MBA_(2)SnI_(4)induced by chiral R-MBA cation is found to further assist the specific interfacial transport of accumulated holes. As a result, R-MBA-based PSCs achieve decent PCE of 10.73% with much suppressed hysteresis and enhanced device stability. This work opens up a new strategy to efficiently promote the interfacial extraction of accumulated charges in working PSCs.

关键词： Tin perovskite Chiral cation 2D/3D structure Interfacial charge extraction Solar cells

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Modulation of ionic conduction using polarizable surfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： dos Santos, Alexandre Pereira Jiménez-Ángeles, Felipe Ehlen, Ali de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Caixa Postal 15051 RS Porto AlegreCEP 91501-970 Brazil Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Hybrid ionic-electronic conductors have the potential to generate memory effects and neuronal behavior. The functionality of these mixed materials depends on ion motion through thin polarizable channels. Here, we explore different polarization models to show that the current and conductivity of electrolytes is higher when confined by conductors than by dielectrics. We find non-linear currents in both dielectrics and conductors, and we recover the known linear (Ohmic) result only in the two-dimensional limit between conductors. We show that the polarization charge location impacts electrolyte structure and transport properties. This work suggests a mechanism to induce memristor hysteresis loops using conductor-dielectric switchable materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Dielectric materials

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Mode-locked laser in nanophotonic lithium niobate

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guo, Qiushi Sekine, Ryoto Williams, James A. Gutierrez, Benjamin K. Gray, Robert M. Ledezma, Luis Costa, Luis Roy, Arkadev Zhou, Selina Liu, Mingchen Marandi, Alireza Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York NY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA United States

Mode-locked lasers (MLLs) have enabled ultrafast sciences and technologies by generating ultrashort pulses with peak powers substantially exceeding their average powers. Recently, tremendous efforts have been focused on realizing integrated MLLs not only to address the challenges associated with their size and power demand, but also to enable transforming the ultrafast technologies into nanophotonic chips, and ultimately to unlock their potential for a plethora of applications. However, till now the prospect of integrated MLLs driving ultrafast nanophotonic circuits has remained elusive because of their typically low peak powers, lack of controllability, and challenges with integration with appropriate nanophotonic platforms. Here, we overcome these limitations by demonstrating an electrically-pumped actively MLL in nanophotonic lithium niobate based on its hybrid integration with a III-V semiconductor optical amplifier. Our MLL generates ∼4.8 ps optical pulses around 1065 nm at a repetition rate of ∼10 GHz, with pulse energy exceeding 2.6 pJ and a high peak power beyond 0.5 W. We show that both the repetition rate and the carrier-envelope-offset of the resulting frequency comb can be flexibly controlled in a wide range using the RF driving frequency and the pump current, paving the way for fully-stabilized on-chip frequency combs in nanophotonics. Our work marks an important step toward fully-integrated nonlinear and ultrafast photonic systems in nanophotonic lithium niobate. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Niobium compounds

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Exploring Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors: Insights from Natural and Biomass Residue-Derived Compounds

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Othman, Norinsan Kamil Mohammed, Naba Jasim Yusop, Muhammed Rahimi Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Materials Science Program Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology University Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology University Kepangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Durian Tunggal76100 Malaysia

In this investigation, we explored the corrosive effects of date palm seed extracted from natural sources and biomass residues on mild steel in a solution of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Our objective was to scrutinize the interaction of the inhibitor with the metal surface, analyze experimental data, and elucidate how the structural characteristics of the inhibitors influence the corrosion process. The experimental results indicated that as the immersion time and temperature increased, the inhibitory effectiveness declined. Notably, the highest level of inhibition occurred when the concentration of date palm seed extract (DPSE) reached 1100 ppm, showcasing peak inhibitory effects of 95.8% and 97.8% through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Additionally, an analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to scrutinize the chemical composition of the mild steel's surface. The adsorption data were evaluated using adsorption isotherms, revealing that DPSE adhered to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the mild steel surface. The Langmuir model exhibited the highest linear regression coefficient value and a slope close to unity. The Gibbs free energy () values suggested that the protection afforded by DPSE involved physical and spontaneous absorption. Examination of the results pertaining to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) indicated that the carboxyl (COOH) group and the C=C bond were the principal regions exhibiting elevated electron acceptance activity. These components were found to be crucial in the adsorption process on the surface of iron (Fe). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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