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作者： Kim, HyungTae Lee, duk-Yeon Choi, dongwoon Kang, Jaehyeon Lee, dong-Wook Digital Transformation R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Ansan Gyeonggi15588 Korea Republic of Applied Robot R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Ansan Gyeonggi15588 Korea Republic of

A digital focus index (dFI) is a value used to determine image focus in scientific apparatus and smart devices. Automatic focus (AF) is an iterative and time-consuming procedure;however, its processing time can be reduced using a general processing unit (GPU) and a multi-core processor (MCP). In this study, parallel architectures of a minimax search algorithm (MSA) are applied to two dFIs: range algorithm (rA) and image contrast (CT). The dFIs are based on a histogram;however, the parallel computation of the histogram is conventionally inefficient because of the bank conflict in shared memory. The parallel architectures of rA and CT are constructed using parallel reduction for MSA, which is performed through parallel relative rating of the image pixel pairs and halved the rating in every step. The array size is then decreased to one, and the minimax is determined at the final reduction. Kernels for the architectures are constructed using open source software to make it relatively platform independent. The kernels are tested in a hexa-core PC and an embedded device using Lenna images of various sizes based on the resolutions of industrial cameras. The performance of the kernels for the dFIs was investigated in terms of processing speed and computational acceleration;the maximum acceleration was 32.6× in the best case and the MCP exhibited a higher performance. Copyright © 2023 KSII.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Evolution of Nuvoton Microcontroller-based Education Board

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recent Patents on Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 127-139页

作者： Elp, Hudaverdi Emin Inan, remzi Assan EMS Technologies R&D Research and Development Istanbul Umraniye Turkey Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Technology Isparta University of Applied Sciences Isparta Turkey

Background: The novel coronavirus pandemic has not only affected people's health. The pandemic has also affected their social life and work. For all the reasons mentioned, international trade has suffered and is still in the process of recovery. Objective: Especially in the semiconductor industry, many manufacturers postponed their deliveries to future periods and this triggered the chip crisis. Many hightech industries, including the automotive industry, were deeply affected by the consequences of the crisis, with factories halting or slowing down production. despite the shortage of chip stocks, Nuvoton has a large amount of Microcontroller Units (MCUs), but due to the shortage of resources, education and libraries, software developers have not been able to integrate their products in a limited time. Methods: In this paper, the Nuvoton Education Board has presented 20 common examples for embedded software developers and beginners. results: The PCB is designed considering all modules connected to separate General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) pins to make multiple module examples without changing the peripherals and pin configuration of the MCU. Clock configuration has been simplified and unnecessary details have been meticulously removed to make the examples easily understandable. Nuvoton NuMaker M263KI V1.3 was added on the designed PCB. Conclusion: The PCB contains almost all the necessary electronics to learn embedded software and use Nuvoton MCUs in industrial projects. The board is supported with user interfaces and printed documentation. The codes are explained with command lines to teach users even small details. A patent application has been filed for the proposed education board. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Safe reinforcement Learning on the Constraint Manifold: Theory and Applications

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IEEE Transactions on robotics 2025年 41卷 3442-3461页

作者： Liu, Puze Bou-Ammar, Haitham Peters, Jan Tateo, davide Technical University of Darmstadt Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group Germany German Research Center for AI Department of Systems AI for Robot Learning Germany Huawei R&D London United Kingdom Hessian Centre for Artificial Intelligence Centre of Cognitive Science Germany

Integrating learning-based techniques, especially reinforcement learning, into robotics is promising for solving complex problems in unstructured environments. Most existing approaches rely on training in carefully calibrated simulators before being deployed on real robots, often without real-world fine-tuning. While effective in controlled settings, this framework falls short in applications where precise simulation is unavailable or the environment is too complex to model. Instead, On-robot Learning, which learns by interacting directly with the real world, offers a promising alternative. One major problem for on-robot reinforcement learning is ensuring safety, as uncontrolled exploration can cause catastrophic damage to the robot or the environment. Indeed, safety specifications, often represented as constraints, can be complex and non-linear, making safety challenging to guarantee in learning systems. In this paper, we show how we can impose complex safety constraints on learning-based robotics systems in a principled manner, both from theoretical and practical points of view. Our approach is based on the concept of the Constraint Manifold, representing the set of safe robot configurations. Exploiting differential geometry techniques, i.e., the tangent space, we can construct a safe action space, allowing learning agents to sample arbitrary actions while ensuring safety. We demonstrate the method's effectiveness in a real-world robot Air Hockey task, showing that our method can handle high-dimensional tasks with complex constraints. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Geometry

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reduced order model for a streamer discharge in air 37

Reduced order model for a streamer discharge in air

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37th International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2024

作者： Jayasinghe, Hasupama Arevalo, Liliana Morrow, richard Cooray, Vernon Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Hitachi Energy - HVDC R&D Department Sweden Department of Applied Physics Sydney University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783800764174

Lightning involves complex physical processes in atmospheric discharges, beginning with the development of streamer discharges. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of streamer discharges, it is important to develop a computationally efficient and an accurate numerical model. In this paper, we present the results of a 1.5-dimensional (1.5d) streamer discharge simulation using the well-established explicit finite difference method (Fd) with flux-corrected transport (FCT) method. The method was applied to a streamer propagating in a 1.25cm plane-plane air gap in standard atmospheric pressure and temperature. We compared our results to those from a previously published two-dimensional (2d) axisymmetric streamer paper which is focused on the same air gap but using different numerical approaches. One can observe that the electric field is obtained with good accuracy in this 1.5d numerical simulation. The streamer position and the streamer bridging time agree with 2d results. This model has the potential to deal with moving non-uniform meshes. © 2024 IEEE, © VdE VErLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.

关键词： Electric discharges

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Protection of steel hooks embedded in glass-fiber-reinforced concrete against macrocell corrosion

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Petroleum research 2024年第2期9卷 317-326页

作者： Husnu Gerengi Muhammed Maraşlı Marziya rizvi Beni Kohen Ismail Taşkıran Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringDuzce University81620DuzceTurkey Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of BergamoBGItaly Fibrobeton Company R&D Center DuzceTurkey Department of Chemistry Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226003U.PIndia

This study evaluated the corrosion behavior of steel hooks embedded in GFrC,which were protected by a zinc-rich(96%Zn)galvanizing *** coating provided the hooks with active cathodic protection and a passive physical *** corrosion may form when the anode is smaller than the total steel ***,the steel hooks at the embedment juncture were additionally sealed against water ingress and air exchange using a construction *** study was conducted in three phases in a salt-spray ***,the electrogalvanized steel hooks embedded in GFrC were allowed to freely corrode for 7 *** the second phase,the electrogalvanized steel hooks were painted with the zinc-rich coating and observed over 7 *** the third phase,the steel hooks were protected by the zinc-rich coating together with a primer and construction sealant,and observed over 7 *** evaluate the electrogalvanized hooks and the corrosion products formed,the thickness of the material was *** on the metal surface was inferred by studying the surface morphology of the hooks at various points of contact and after different periods of time.

关键词： Steel rebars Concrete corrosion GFrC Galvanization Sealant

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Unsteady Flow Mechanism of Impeller Stall Inception in a High-Pressure ratio Centrifugal Compressor With Bleed Slots

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Journal of Turbomachinery 2025年第7期147卷 071013页

作者： Fujisawa, Nobumichi Yamamoto, Yuta Ohta, Yutaka Ogino, Atsushi Nakayama, ryo Kitamura, Eijiro Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Honda R&D Co. Ltd. 1-4-1 Chuo Wako-shi Saitama351-0113 Japan

The impeller stall inception in a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor with bleed slots was investigated by experiments and unsteady numerical analysis. This study reported that the flow instability of the internal flow was first initiated around the leading edge of the splitter blades and finally resulted in tip leakage flow instability at the leading edge of the main blades. The impeller stall consisted of a stall cell and rotated about 70% of the impeller rotational speed. Furthermore, a pressure disturbance occurs at the splitter blade leading edge before the main blade leading edge. The blockage within the passage of the suction side at the leading edge of the splitter blade was first increased because the leading-edge separation on the suction surface of the splitter blade was enlarged. The blockage within the passage of the pressure side was increased after that of the suction side stopped increasing. Therefore, the blockage development of both pressure and suction passage at the leading edge of the splitter blade was the main cause of the stall inception. Then, a longitudinal vortex was formed near the bleed slots and blocked the mainstream near tip side. Subsequently, the reverse flow region in the inducer was developed and extended to the impeller inlet. Finally, the flow angle to the main blade increased, the spillage occurred at a leading edge of a main blade, and the rotating stall was generated. The cause of impeller instability was the separation of the suction surface of the splitter blade and the formation of a stagnation region on the pressure surface at the splitter leading edge. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Evaluation of Forces on the Needle for regulation of Pelton Turbine Injector 4

Evaluation of Forces on the Needle for Regulation of Pelton ...

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4th IAHr Asian Working Group Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

作者： Khan, F. Kumar, A. Staubli, T. Hydraulic Turbine R&D Laboratory Hydro & Renewable Energy Department Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts Switzerland

In hydropower plants, the Pelton turbine is a commonly used hydraulic turbine where flow is regulated with a dual mechanism of needle and deflector. The needle is controlled by a servomotor and governor system, where the flow rate varies by adjusting the needle strokes. The needle is operated under the hydraulic force caused by the high-water pressure inside the injector acting on the needle surface. The objective of computing the force balance in a Pelton injector is to determine the force to be supplied by the servomotor. The closing trend is crucial to design the injector for safe operation during an emergency. In this study, the function of the needle and nozzle curve generalizes the variable needle surface area, allowing the geometric properties of the nozzle and needle to be suitable for the needle force evaluation. The single-axis force transducer, which is mounted on the needle rod, has been used in the experimental method for determining the needle forces. The experimental findings are compared to analytical calculations and serve as validation for the accuracy and reliability of the computed results obtained through the analytical approach. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Needles

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Skin Condition Classificaiton by Automatic Image Machine Learning

Skin Condition Classificaiton by Automatic Image Machine Lea...

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2023 Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and applied Computing, CSCE 2023

作者： Liu, Lichuan Li, Wei Ceet Northern Illinois University Department of Electrical Engineering DeKalb United States Intellikey Innovation Ltd Applied Ai R&d Laboratory Burnaby Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327595

In this paper, we proposed a novel Artificial intelligence (AI) based approach which could classify various images of human skin into appropriate categories based on associated features. The proposed system uses K-nearest neighbor classifiers, a neural network, Naïve Bayes (NB), and Gradient decent / Ascent Classification to classify the features. In the experiment, the results show an improvement over existing approaches in accuracy. The experimental AI algorithm can achieve 50% accuracy with KNN, 60% with NN, 77% with naïve Bayes and 90% with Gradient descent method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： AI HSV KNN NN rGB skin type

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Workspace Analysis of Cable-driven Continuum Manipulator Using Universal Joint

Workspace Analysis of Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator Usi...

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International Conference on Ubiquitous robots (Ur)

作者： Myung-oh Kim dongwoon Choi duck-Yeon Lee dong-Wook Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanynag University Seoul Korea Applied Robot R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) Ansan Korea

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the workspace of a continuum manipulator using a universal joint. The research focuses on analyzing the effect of different parameters such as joint angles and flexible link lengths on the workspace of the manipulator. A mathematical model is developed to determine the workspace and validate the results through simulations. The study also includes a discussion on the limitations and challenges of using a universal joint in continuum manipulators and ways to overcome them. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the workspace of continuum manipulators and can be used to design more effective and efficient manipulator systems.

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Long-reach E-band HPA for 5G radio Link 52

Long-Reach E-band HPA for 5G Radio Link

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52nd European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2022

作者： Colzani, Alberto Fumagalli, Matteo Fonte, Alessandro Traversa, Antonio Ture, Erdin Siae Microelettronica R&d Department Italy Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics Fraunhofer Iaf Germany

ISBN: (数字)9782874870699

ISBN: (纸本)9782874870699

Backhaul wireless networks are of primary importance in the architecture of 5G telecommunication systems and they have gone through a huge increment in capacity during past years, offering the possibility to reach a data rate greater than 10 Gbps. The aim of this paper is to explore the potentiality of a High-Power Amplifier module (HP A) for backhauling, and in particular the system for long-reach E-band radio in link aggregation configuration. The HP A, by exploiting the excellent results obtained by a 5-stage E-band GaN/SiC MMIC Power Amplifier, reaches a saturated output power of 34 dBm allowing the deployment of an E-band radio link with a hop-length of 10 km and a maximum throughput of 10 Gbps. © 2022 European Microwave Association (EuMA).

关键词： radio links

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