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Measurement of Prompt d0, Λc+, and Σc0,++(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeV

Physical review Letters 2022年第1期128卷 012001-012001页

作者： S. Acharya d. Adamová A. Adler J. Adolfsson G. Aglieri rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja Z. Akbar A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany S. N. Alam d. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda r. Alfaro Molina B. Ali Y. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme T. Alt L. Altenkamper I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei d. Andreou A. Andronic M. Angeletti V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli C. Anuj N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser S. Arcelli r. Arnaldi I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus r. Averbeck S. Aziz M. d. Azmi A. Badalà Y. W. Baek X. Bai r. Bailhache Y. Bailung r. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis M. Ball d. Banerjee r. Barbera L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch F. Baruffaldi N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne B. Batyunya d. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie I. Belikov A. d. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini r. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee P. Bhattacharya L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas J. T. Blair d. Blau M. B. Blidaru C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov H. Bossi E. Botta L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. d. Buckland d. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi J. B. Butt S. A. Bysiak d. Caffarri M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho r. S. Camacho P. Camerini F. d. M. Canedo F. Carnesecchi r. Caron J. Castillo Castellanos E. A. r. Casula F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay A. Chauvin T. G. Chavez C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso d. d. Chinellato S. Cho P. Chochula P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christiansen T. Chujo C. Cicalo L. Cifarelli F. Cindolo Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Řež u Prahy Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany Lund University Department of Physics Division of Particle Physics Lund Sweden European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovakia Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jakarta Indonesia NRC Kurchatov Institute—ITEP Moscow Russia Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany Fudan University Shanghai China National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute Moscow Russia INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Nikhef National institute for subatomic physics Amsterdam Netherlands Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Labo

The pT-differential production cross sections of prompt d0, Λc+, and Σc0,++(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at s=13 TeV. This is the first measurement of Σc0,++ production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σc0,+,++ isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σc0,+,++/d0 and Λc+/d0 are calculated in the transverse momentum (pT) intervals 2d 1rger than in e+e− collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σc. The feed-down contribution to Λc+ production from Σc0,+,++ is also reported and is found to be larger than in e+e− collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions

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Measurement of the Groomed Jet radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

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Physical review Letters 2022年第10期128卷 102001-102001页

作者： S. Acharya d. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja Z. Akbar A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany S. N. Alam d. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda r. Alfaro Molina B. Ali Y. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme T. Alt L. Altenkamper I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei d. Andreou A. Andronic M. Angeletti V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli C. Anuj N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser S. Arcelli r. Arnaldi I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus r. Averbeck S. Aziz M. d. Azmi A. Badalà Y. W. Baek X. Bai r. Bailhache Y. Bailung r. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis M. Ball d. Banerjee r. Barbera L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch F. Baruffaldi N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne B. Batyunya d. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie I. Belikov A. d. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini r. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin I. r. Bhat M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee P. Bhattacharya L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas J. T. Blair d. Blau M. B. Blidaru C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov H. Bossi E. Botta L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. d. Buckland d. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi J. B. Butt S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho r. S. Camacho P. Camerini F. d. M. Canedo F. Carnesecchi r. Caron J. Castillo Castellanos E. A. r. Casula F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay A. Chauvin T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso d. d. Chinellato S. Cho P. Chochula P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christiansen T. Chujo C. Cicalo L. Cifarelli F. Cindolo M. r Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Řež u Prahy Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovakia Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jakarta Indonesia NRC Kurchatov»what Institute—ITEP Moscow Russia Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany Fudan University Shanghai China National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute Moscow Russia INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas United States Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Nikhef National institute for subatomic physics Amsterdam Netherlands Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California United States SUBATECH IMT Atlantiqu

This article presents groomed jet substructure measurements in pp and Pb−Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The soft drop grooming algorithm provides access to the hard parton splittings inside a jet by removing soft wide-angle radiation. We report the groomed jet momentum splitting fraction, zg, and the (scaled) groomed jet radius, θg. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters r=0.2 and r=0.4. In heavy-ion collisions, the large underlying event poses a challenge for the reconstruction of groomed jet observables, since fluctuations in the background can cause groomed parton splittings to be misidentified. By using strong grooming conditions to reduce this background, we report these observables fully corrected for detector effects and background fluctuations for the first time. A narrowing of the θg distribution in Pb−Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is seen, which provides direct evidence of the modification of the angular structure of jets in the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification of the zg distribution in Pb−Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is observed. These results are compared with a variety of theoretical models of jet quenching, and provide constraints on jet energy-loss mechanisms and coherence effects in the quark-gluon plasma.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Quark & gluon jets relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

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Physical review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： r. Abbott T. d. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari r. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt d. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. d. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird r. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri d. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish d. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia d. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos r. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto d. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. d. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry d. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser d. Beveridge r. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj d. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini r. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. d. Blair d. G. Blair r. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. d. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla r. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom r. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. r. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks d. d. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno r. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno r. Buscicchio d. Buskulic C. Buy r. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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deep Generative Models for Fast Photon Shower Simulation in ATLAS

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Computing and Software for Big Science 2024年第1期8卷 1-40页

作者： Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abbott, d.C. Abud, A. Abed Abeling, K. Abhayasinghe, d.K. Abidi, S.H. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme Acharya, B.S. Achkar, B. Adam, L. Bourdarios, C. Adam Adamczyk, L. Adamek, L. Addepalli, S.V. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adorni, S. Adye, T. Affolder, A.A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M.N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Ahmad, A. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W.S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aizenberg, I. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimov, A.V. Khoury, K. Al Alberghi, G.L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Verzini, M. J. Alconada Alderweireldt, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, A. Alfonsi, F. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, S. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B.M.M. Allport, P.P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Camelia, E. Alunno Estevez, M. Alvarez Alviggi, M.G. Coutinho, Y. Amaral Ambler, A. Ambroz, L. Amelung, C. Amidei, d. Santos, S. P. Amor dos Amoroso, S. Amos, K.r. Amrouche, C.S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andari, N. Andeen, T. Anders, J.K. Andrean, S.Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A.V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Anthony, M.T. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Antrim, d.J.A. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Pozo, J. A. Aparisi Aparo, M.A. Bella, L. Aperio Appelt, C. Aranzabal, N. Ferraz, V. Araujo Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A.T.H. Arena, E. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Tame, Z. P. Arrubarrena Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N.A. Asimakopoulou, E.M. Assahsah, J. Assamagan, K. Astalos, r. Atkin, r.J. Atkinson, M. Atlay, N.B. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P.A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Austrup, V.A. Avner, G. Avolio, G. Ayoub, M.K. Azuelos, G. Babal, d. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Backman, F. Badea, A. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bailey, A.J. Bailey, V.r. Baines, J.T. Bakalis, C. Baker, O.K. Bakker, P.J. Bakos, E. Gupta, d. Bakshi Balaji, S. Balasubramanian, r. Baldin, E.M. Balek, P. Ballabene, E. Balli, F. Baltes, L.M. Balunas, W.K. Balz, J. Banas Department of Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Physics Ankara University Ankara Turkey Division of Physics TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France APC Université Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 Paris France High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX United States Physics Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Physics Department National Technical University of Athens Zografou Greece Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Physics Department Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) Beijing China Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA United States Institut für Physik Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Engineering Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey Istinye University Sariyer Istanbul

The need for large-scale production of highly accurate simulated event samples for the extensive physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the recent success of deep learning algorithms, variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are investigated for modelling the response of the central region of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to photons of various energies. The properties of synthesised showers are compared with showers from a full detector simulation using geant4. Both variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are capable of quickly simulating electromagnetic showers with correct total energies and stochasticity, though the modelling of some shower shape distributions requires more refinement. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of using such algorithms for ATLAS fast calorimeter simulation in the future and shows a possible way to complement current simulation techniques. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Measurement of the inclusive WZ production cross section in pp collisions at = 13.6 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 1-48页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Benato, L. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. damanakis, K. dragicevic, M. Hussain, P. S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Li, A. Liko, d. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, r. Schwarz, d. Sonawane, M. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Janssen, T. Van Laer, T. Van Mechelen, P. Breugelmans, N. d’Hondt, J. dansana, S. de Moor, A. delcourt, M. Heyen, F. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Müller, d. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Onsem, G. P. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, d. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. das, A. K. de Bruyn, I. de Lentdecker, G. Evard, H. Favart, L. Gianneios, P. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Khan, F. A. Lee, K. Malara, A. Shahzad, M. A. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. de Coen, M. dobur, d. Gokbulut, G. Hong, Y. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Marckx, d. Amarilo, K. Mota Skovpen, K. Van den Bossche, N. van der Linden, J. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. de Favereau de Jeneret, J. delaere, C. donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Guzel, A. O. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Tran, T. T. Turkcapar, S. Alves, G. A. Coelho, E. Correia Silva, G. Hensel, C. Menezes de Oliveira, T. Mora Herrera, C. rebello Teles, P. Soeiro, M. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Vilela Pereira, A. Aldá Júnior, W. L. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. da Costa, E. M. da Silveira, G. G. de Jesus damiao, d. Fonseca de Souza, S. Gomes de Souza, r. Laux Kuhn, T. Macedo, M. Martins, J. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J. P. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. r. Gregores, E. M. Maietto Silverio, I. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Orzari, B. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, r. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. dimitrov, A. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Laroze, d. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Yuan, L. Hu, Z. Liang, Z. Liu, J. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C. H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria TU Wien Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil FACAMP - Faculdades de Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Spallation Neutron Source Guangdong China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de

The inclusive WZ production cross section is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, using data collected during 2022 with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb−1. The measurement uses multileptonic final states and a simultaneous likelihood fit to the number of events in four different lepton flavour categories: eee, eeμ, μμe, and μμμ. The selection is optimized to minimize the number of background events, and relies on an efficient prompt lepton discrimination strategy. The WZ production cross section is measured in a phase space defined within a 30 GeV window around the Z boson mass, as σtotal (pp → WZ) = 55.2 ± 1.2 (stat) ± 1.2 (syst) ± 0.8 (lumi) ± 0.3 (theo) pb. In addition, the cross section is measured in a fiducial phase space closer to the detector-level requirements. All the measurements presented in this paper are in agreement with standard model predictions.

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3He-rich solar energetic particles from sunspot jets

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Bučík, radoslav Wiedenbeck, Mark E. Mason, Glenn M. Gómez-Herrero, raúl Nitta, Nariaki V. Wang, Linghua Institut für Astrophysik Georg-August-Universität Göttingen GöttingenD-37077 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung GöttingenD-37077 Germany Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University LaurelMD20723 United States Space Research Group University of Alcalá E-28871 Alcalá de Henares Spain Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center Palo AltoCA94304 United States Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China

Solar sources of suprathermal (−1) 3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) have been commonly associated with jets originating in small, compact active regions at the periphery of near-equatorial coronal holes. Sources of relatively rare, high-energy (>10 MeV nucleon−1) 3He-rich SEPs remain unexplored. Here we present two of the most intense 3He-rich (3He/4He>1) SEP events of the current solar cycle 24 measured on the Advanced Composition Explorer at energy >10 MeV nucleon−1. Although 3He shows high intensities, Z>2 ions are below the detection threshold. The events are accompanied by type-III radio bursts, but no type-II emission as typically seen for suprathermal 3He-rich SEPs. The corresponding solar sources were analyzed using high-resolution, extreme-ultraviolet imaging and photospheric magnetic field observations on the Solar dynamics Observatory. We find the sources of these events associated with jets originating at the boundary of large sunspots with complex βγδ magnetic configuration. Thus, details of the underlying photospheric field apparently are important to produce 3He to high energies in the examined events. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar energy

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Multimuons in cosmic-ray events as seen in ALICE at the LHC

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Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 009-009页

作者： Acharya, S. Agarwal, A. Aglieri rinella, G. Aglietta, L. Agnello, M. Agrawal, N. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, S. Ahn, S.U. Ahuja, I. Akindinov, A. Akishina, V. Al-Turany, M. Aleksandrov, d. Alessandro, B. Alfanda, H.M. Alfaro Molina, r. Ali, B. Alici, A. Alizadehvandchali, N. Alkin, A. Alme, J. Alocco, G. Alt, T. Altamura, A.r. Altsybeev, I. Alvarado, J.r. Alvarez, C.O.r. Anaam, M.N. Andrei, C. Andreou, N. Andronic, A. Andronov, E. Anguelov, V. Antinori, F. Antonioli, P. Apadula, N. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Arata, C. Arcelli, S. Arnaldi, r. Arneiro, J.G.M.C.A. Arsene, I.C. Arslandok, M. Augustinus, A. Averbeck, r. Averyanov, d. Azmi, M.d. Baba, H. Badalà, A. Bae, J. Bae, Y. Baek, Y.W. Bai, X. Bailhache, r. Bailung, Y. Bala, r. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, A. Balis, B. Banoo, Z. Barbasova, V. Barile, F. Barioglio, L. Barlou, M. Barman, B. Barnaföldi, G.G. Barnby, L.S. Barreau, E. Barret, V. Barreto, L. Bartels, C. Barth, K. Bartsch, E. Bastid, N. Basu, S. Batigne, G. Battistini, d. Batyunya, B. Bauri, d. Bazo Alba, J.L. Bearden, I.G. Beattie, C. Becht, P. Behera, d. Belikov, I. Bell Hechavarria, A.d.C. Bellini, F. Bellwied, r. Belokurova, S. Beltran, L.G.E. Beltran, Y.A.V. Bencedi, G. Bensaoula, A. Beole, S. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikova, A. Bergmann, L. Besoiu, M.G. Betev, L. Bhaduri, P.P. Bhasin, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bianchi, L. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Bigot, A.P. Bilandzic, A. Biro, G. Biswas, S. Bize, N. Blair, J.T. Blau, d. Blidaru, M.B. Bluhme, N. Blume, C. Bock, F. Bodova, T. Bok, J. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bond, P.M. Bonomi, G. Borel, H. Borissov, A. Borquez Carcamo, A.G. Botta, E. Bouziani, Y.E.M. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Broz, M. Bruno, G.E. Buchakchiev, V.d. Buckland, M.d. Budnikov, d. Buesching, H. Bufalino, S. Buhler, P. Burmasov, N. Buthelezi, Z. Bylinkin, A. Bysiak, S.A. Cabanillas Noris, J.C. Cabrera, M.F.T. Caines, H. Caliva, A. Calvo Villar, E. Camacho, J.M.M. Camerini, P. Canedo, F.d.M. Cantway, S.L. Carabas, M. Carballo, A.A. Carnesecchi, F. Caron, r. Carvalho, L.A.d. Castillo Castel A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation Yerevan Armenia AGH University of Krakow Cracow Poland Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine Bose Institute Department of Physics Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS) Kolkata India California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA United States Central China Normal University Wuhan China Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN) Havana Cuba Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) Mérida Mexico City Mexico Chicago State University Chicago IL United States China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea Comenius University Bratislava Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Bratislava Slovakia Creighton University Omaha NE United States Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Physics Pusan National University Pusan South Korea Department of Physics Sejong University Seoul South Korea Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Cagliari Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Catania Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università Gruppo Collegato INFN Salerno Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico Sezione

ALICE is a large experiment at the CErN Large Hadron Collider. Located 52 meters underground, its detectors are suitable to measure muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the studies of the cosmic muons registered by ALICE during run 2 (2015–2018) are described. The analysis is limited to multimuon events defined as events with more than four detected muons (N_µ > 4) and in the zenith angle range 0^◦ < θ < 50^◦. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations using three of the main hadronic interaction models describing the air shower development in the atmosphere: QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL 2.3d. The interval of the primary cosmic-ray energy involved in the measured muon multiplicity distribution is about 4×10¹⁵ < E_prim < 6×10¹⁶ eV. In this interval none of the three models is able to describe precisely the trend of the composition of cosmic rays as the energy increases. However, QGSJET-II-04 is found to be the only model capable of reproducing reasonably well the muon multiplicity distribution, assuming a heavy composition of the primary cosmic rays over the whole energy range, while SIBYLL 2.3d and EPOS-LHC underpredict the number of muons in a large interval of multiplicity by more than 20% and 30%, respectively. The rate of high muon multiplicity events (N_µ > 100) obtained with QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d is compatible with the data, while EPOS-LHC produces a significantly lower rate (55% of the measured rate). For both QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d, the rate is close to the data when the composition is assumed to be dominated by heavy elements, an outcome compatible with the average energy E_prim ∼ 10¹⁷ eV of these events. This result places significant constraints on more exotic production mechanisms. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： cosmic ray experiments cosmic rays detectors

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Measurement of the inclusive cross section in final states with at least one lepton and additional jets with 302 pb−1 of pp collisions at = 5.02 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 1-44页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. damanakis, K. dragicevic, M. Hussain, P. S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Li, A. Liko, d. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, r. Schwarz, d. Sonawane, M. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Janssen, T. Van Laer, T. Van Mechelen, P. Breugelmans, N. d’Hondt, J. dansana, S. de Moor, A. delcourt, M. Heyen, F. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Müller, d. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Onsem, G. P. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, d. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. das, A. K. de Lentdecker, G. Evard, H. Favart, L. Gianneios, P. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Khan, F. A. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Shahzad, M. A. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. de Coen, M. dobur, d. Gokbulut, G. Hong, Y. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Marckx, d. Mota Amarilo, K. Skovpen, K. Van den Bossche, N. van der Linden, J. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. de Favereau de Jeneret, J. delaere, C. donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Guzel, A. O. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Tran, T. T. Wertz, S. Alves, G. A. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Coelho, E. Correia Silva, G. Hensel, C. Menezes de Oliveira, T. Mora Herrera, C. Moraes, A. rebello Teles, P. Soeiro, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Aldá Júnior, W. L. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. da Costa, E. M. da Silveira, G. G. de Jesus damiao, d. Fonseca de Souza, S. Gomes de Souza, r. Laux Kuhn, T. Macedo, M. Martins, J. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J. P. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. r. Gregores, E. M. Maietto Silverio, I. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Orzari, B. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, r. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. dimitrov, A. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Laroze, d. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Yuan, L. Hu, Z. Liang, Z. Liu, J. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C. H. Kapoor Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria TU Wien Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil UFMS Nova Andradina Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China China Spallation Neutron Source Guangdong China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China The University of Iowa Iowa City USA Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineeri

A measurement of the top quark pair ( $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}} $$ ) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC in autumn 2017, in dedicated runs with low-energy and low-intensity conditions with respect to the default configuration, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 302 pb−1. The measurement is performed using events with one electron or muon, and multiple jets, at least one of them being identified as originating from a b quark (b tagged). Events are classified based on the number of all reconstructed jets and of b-tagged jets. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to enhance the separation between the signal and backgrounds. The measured cross section is $$ 62.5\pm 1.6{\left(\textrm{stat}\right)}_{-2.5}^{+2.6}\left(\textrm{syst}\right)\pm 1.2\left(\textrm{lumi}\right) $$ pb. A combination with the result in the dilepton channel based on the same data set yields a value of 62.3 ± 1.5 (stat) ± 2.4 (syst) ± 1.2 (lumi) pb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of $$ {69.5}_{-3.7}^{+3.5} $$ pb at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.

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Measurements of inclusive and differential cross sections for top quark production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第2期2025卷 1-53页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. damanakis, K. dragicevic, M. Hussain, P. S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Li, A. Liko, d. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, r. Schwarz, d. Sonawane, M. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Janssen, T. Van Laer, T. Van Mechelen, P. Breugelmans, N. d’Hondt, J. dansana, S. de Moor, A. delcourt, M. Heyen, F. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Müller, d. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Onsem, G. P. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, d. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. das, A. K. de Lentdecker, G. Evard, H. Favart, L. Gianneios, P. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Khan, F. A. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Shahzad, M. A. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. de Coen, M. dobur, d. Gokbulut, G. Hong, Y. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Marckx, d. Mota Amarilo, K. Skovpen, K. Van den Bossche, N. van der Linden, J. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. de Favereau de Jeneret, J. delaere, C. donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Guzel, A. O. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Tran, T. T. Wertz, S. Alves, G. A. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Coelho, E. Correia Silva, G. Hensel, C. Menezes de Oliveira, T. Mora Herrera, C. Moraes, A. rebello Teles, P. Soeiro, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Aldá Júnior, W. L. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. da Costa, E. M. da Silveira, G. G. de Jesus damiao, d. Fonseca de Souza, S. Gomes de Souza, r. Laux Kuhn, T. Macedo, M. Martins, J. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J. P. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. r. Gregores, E. M. Maietto Silverio, I. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Orzari, B. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, r. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. dimitrov, A. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Laroze, d. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Yuan, L. Hu, Z. Liang, Z. Liu, J. Yi, K. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C. H. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria TU Wien Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil UFMS Nova Andradina Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China The University of Iowa Iowa City U.S.A. Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China China Spallation Neutron Source Guangdong China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) — Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engine

Measurements are presented of inclusive and differential cross sections for Z boson associated production of top quark pairs ( $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{Z} $$ ) and single top quarks (tZq or tWZ). The data were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with three or more leptons, electrons or muons, are selected and a multiclass deep neural network is used to separate three event categories, the $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{Z} $$ and tWZ processes, the tZq process, and the backgrounds. A profile likelihood approach is used to unfold the differential cross sections, to account for systematic uncertainties, and to determine the correlations between the two signal categories in one global fit. The inclusive cross sections for a dilepton invariant mass between 70 and 110 GeV are measured to be 1.14 ± 0.07 pb for the sum of $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{Z} $$ and tWZ, and 0.81 ± 0.10 pb for tZq, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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GLOBAL CLIMATE

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S12-S155页

作者： dunn, r.J.H. Blannin, J. Gobron, N. Miller, J.B. Willett, K.M. Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Hampton University Hampton Virginia National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE) LSCE/IPSL CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Guyancourt France School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Université Paris Cité Institut de physique du globe de Paris CNRS IGN F-75005 Paris France Univ Gustave Eiffel ENSG IGN F-77455 Marne-la-Vallée France Laboratoire EDYTEM CNRS/Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Le Bourget-du-Lac France Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany Climate Dynamics Lab University of St Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Ea

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