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37th International Cosmic ray Conference, ICrC 2021

作者： Suda, Yusuke Artero, Manuel Asano, Katsuaki Berti, Alessio Nava, Lara Noda, Koji Terauchi, Kenta Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Baack, d. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bökenkamp, H. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, r. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d'Amico, G. d'Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. delfino, M. delgado, J. delgado Mendez, C. depaoli, d. di Pierro, F. di Venere, L. do Souto Espiñeira, E. dominis Prester, d. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Fallah ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, r.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, d. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, d. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, d. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Nakamori, T. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, d. Paoletti, r. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Peñil, P. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Prada Moroni, P.G. Prandini, E. TriesteI-34127 Italy Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00136 Italy ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Armenian MAGIC Group A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Department of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Finnish MAGIC Group Finnish Centre for Astronomy ESO University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan A

Starting from the first announcement of unequivocal detection of very high energy (VHE) emission from a gamma-ray burst (GrB) by the MAGIC telescopes (GrB 190114C), four additional detections of VHE emission from GrBs by ground-based telescopes were reported. These observations have revealed a new, energetic component that has become an additional probe to explore GrB physics. In order to deepen our understanding of the origin of this new component, and in general of the origin of radiation from GrBs, further observations by VHE instruments are crucial. In this work we report fast follow-up observations by the MAGIC telescopes of GrB 201015A, a GrB detected by the Swift/BAT. As measured by BAT, the prompt emission lasted 9.8 ± 3.5 seconds, suggesting that this GrB belongs to the class of long events. This was later confirmed by optical observations, which allowed to measure the redshift (z = 0.42) and found the associated type Ic-BL supernova. Having a prompt isotropic-equivalent energy of Eiso ∼1050 erg, this GrB is a relatively low energy event as compared to the population of long GrBs. Observations with the MAGIC telescopes started about 30 seconds after the GrB onset and were performed under good observational conditions. The accurate analysis of the MAGIC data reveals a strong hint of detection and implies a significant energy release in the TeV range, smaller but comparable with that of the prompt emission in the keV-MeV band. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Noderivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-Nd 4.0)

关键词： Gamma rays

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Time-dependent modelling of short-term variability in the TeV-blazar VEr J0521+211 during the major flare in 2020

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年 694卷

作者： MAGIC Collaboration Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, d. Babić, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d'Amico, G. d'Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. delfino, M. delgado, J. delgado Mendez, C. di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. dominis Prester, d. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, r.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera Llorente, J. Hrupec, d. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Kankkunen, S. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena and INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine and INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova and INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia Rio de Janeiro22290-180 URCA Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La LagunaE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Croatian MAGIC Group: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Finnish MAGIC Group: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO Department of Physics and Astronomy U

Self-repairing graphite protective layer has been discovered as a suitable protective layer in blast furnace (BF) hearth in recent years. In the current study, actual samples of self-repairing graphite protective layer taken from a commercial BF were analyzed in detail. The results revealed that the hot face of graphite protective layer exhibits a distinct white graphite luster, with large areas of graphite adhering to the surface. Along the direction of its formation, the sample displays a striped pattern with alternating layers. The graphite is strip-shaped, it is relatively coarse and unevenly distributed. The coarse graphite runs in the same direction, unlike graphite in molten iron which has no fixed direction in a chaotic state. The formation process of selfrepairing graphite protective layer can be concluded, graphite precipitates at the interface through heterogeneous nucleation. Crystal nuclei often preferentially adhere to the surface of these impurities to form, owing to the fact that the nucleation energy of heterogeneous nucleation is lower than that of homogeneous nucleation. Titanium is discovered during the observation of microscopic morphology of graphite protective layer, graphite protective layer is more robust due to the strengthening effect of titanium. Titanium strengthening mechanism of self-repairing graphite protective layer is summarized, the strengthening mechanism can be divided into four steps. TiC particles are dispersed around graphite, which reduces the difficulty of the orientation of flake graphite growth. The presence of TiC increases the growth rate of crystals. The four steps are cyclically performed, so the self-repairing graphite protective layer can precipitate layer by layer through titanium strengthening mechanism, which serves to protect the carbon brick in BF hearth. © EdP Sciences, 2025.

关键词： Blast furnaces

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Atomistic deformation behavior of single and twin crystalline Cu nanopillars with preexisting dislocations

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ko, Won-Seok Stukowski, Alexander Hadian, raheleh Nematollahi, Ali Jeon, Jong Bae Choi, Won Seok dehm, Gerhard Neugebauer, Jörg Kirchlechner, Christoph Grabowski, Blazej School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ulsan Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str. 1 Düsseldorf40237 Germany Advanced Surface Coating and Processing R&D Group Korea Institute for Industrial Technology Busan46938 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Materials Science University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 Stuttgart70569 Germany

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the impact of a coherent Σ3 (111) twin boundary on the plastic deformation behavior of Cu nanopillars. Our work reveals that the mechanical response of pillars with and without the twin boundary is decisively driven by the characteristics of initial dislocation sources. In the condition of comparably large pillar size and abundant initial mobile dislocations, overall yield and flow stresses are controlled by the longest, available mobile dislocation. An inverse correlation of the yield and flow stresses with the length of the longest dislocation is established and compared to experimental data. The experimentally reported subtle differences in yield and flow stresses between pillars with and without the twin boundary are likely related to the maximum lengths of the mobile dislocations. In the condition of comparably small pillar size, for which a reduction of mobile dislocations during heat treatment and mechanical loading occurs, the mechanical response of pillars with and without the twin boundary can be clearly distinguished. dislocation starvation during deformation is more pronounced in pillars without the twin boundary than in pillars with the twin boundary because the twin boundary acts as a pinning surface for the dislocation network. © 2021, CC BY-NC-Nd.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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Multiwavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar

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Monthly Notices of the royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 364-384页

作者： Abe, H. Abe, S. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, d. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Batković, I. Baxter, J. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. del Popolo, A. delfino, M. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado depaoli, d. di Pierro, F. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Grau, r. Green, J.G. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Inada, T. Iotov, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, d. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Morcuende, d. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, d. Paoletti, r. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Pirola, G. Podobnik, F. Moroni, P.G. Prada Prandini, E. Principe, G. Priyadarshi, C. rhode, W. ribó, M. rico, J. righi, C. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía – CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00185 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Allégaten 55 Bergen5007 Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Department of Astrophysics Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz LodzP

OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source, which includes very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ -ray data taken by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescopes) and H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE γ -ray emission happened during a high state of γ -ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE γ -rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE γ -ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily time-scales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power law with index 3.27 ± 0.44stat ± 0.15sys (MAGIC) and 3.39 ± 0.58stat ± 0.64sys (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55–300 and 120–500 GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be successfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the data set well and a proton-synchrotron-dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the broad-line region to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSrQ), in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL Lac and FSrQ objects. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Gamma radiography

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Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the extraordinary Mrk 421 flare of 2014 using a novel analysis method

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. del Popolo, A. delfino, M. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenia

The Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), a proposed consequence of certain quantum gravity (QG) scenarios, could instigate an energy-dependent group velocity for ultra-relativistic particles. This energy dependence, although suppressed by the massive QG energy scale EQG, expected to be on the level of the Planck energy 1.22 × 1019 GeV, is potentially detectable in astrophysical observations. In this scenario, the cosmological distances traversed by photons act as an amplifier for this effect. By leveraging the observation of a remarkable flare from the blazar Mrk 421, recorded at energies above 100 GeV by the MAGIC telescopes on the night of April 25 to 26, 2014, we look for time delays scaling linearly and quadratically with the photon energies. Using for the first time in LIV studies a binned-likelihood approach we set constraints on the QG energy scale. For the linear scenario, we set 95% lower limits EQG > 2.7×1017 GeV for the subluminal case and EQG > 3.6×1017 GeV for the superluminal case. For the quadratic scenario, the 95% lower limits for the subluminal and superluminal cases are EQG > 2.6 × 1010 GeV and EQG > 2.5 × 1010 GeV, respectively. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from GrB 201216C detected by MAGIC 37

Very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 201216C detecte...

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37th International Cosmic ray Conference, ICrC 2021

作者： Fukami, Satoshi Berti, Alessio Loporchio, Serena Suda, Yusuke Nava, Lara Noda, Koji Bošnjak, Željka Asano, Katsuaki Longo, Francesco Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Artero, M. Baack, d. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bökenkamp, H. Bonnoli, G. Busetto, G. Carosi, r. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d'Amico, G. d'Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. delfino, M. delgado, J. delgado Mendez, C. depaoli, d. di Pierro, F. di Venere, L. do Souto Espiñeira, E. dominis Prester, d. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Fallah ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukazawa, Y. García López, r.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, d. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, d. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, d. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Nakamori, T. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, d. Paoletti, r. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Peñil, P. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Prada Moroni, P.G. Prandini, E. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Japan Max Planck Institut for Physics Föhringer Ring 6 Munich Germany INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Street number Merate Italy Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia University of Trieste Department of Physics via Valerio 2 Trieste Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste via Valerio 2 Trieste Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00136 Italy ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Armenian MAGIC Group A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University o

Gamma-ray bursts (GrBs) are the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. Many aspects of GrB physics are still under debate, such as the origin of their gamma-ray emission above the GeV energy range. In 2019, MAGIC detected TeV gamma rays from the long GrB 190114C, whose emission can be well explained by synchrotron-self Compton emission by relativistic electrons. However, it is still unclear whether such a process is common in GrBs, given the reduced number of GrBs detected until now at the very high energies (VHE). GrB 201216C is a long GrB and is the second one detected by MAGIC in this energy range. After receiving the alert provided by Swift-BAT, MAGIC automatically slewed to the GrB position, starting observations 56 seconds after the GrB onset. In the offline analyses of the collected data, we confirmed the detection of gamma-ray emission with a significance above 5 sigma. Following measurements from optical facilities, the redshift of this GrB was estimated to be z = 1.1. This makes GrB 201216C the most distant object ever detected by ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. In this contribution we will show the analysis results of the MAGIC data, also in comparison with past detected GrBs in the same energy range. Finally, accounting for available multi-wavelength observations, we will comment on the possible origin of the VHE emission detected by MAGIC. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Noderivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-Nd 4.0)

关键词： Germanium compounds

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Constraints on axion-like particles with the Perseus Galaxy Cluster with MAGIC

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, H. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, d. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. del Popolo, A. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado depaoli, d. di Pierro, F. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Inada, T. Iotov, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Nava, L. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Okumura, A. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Croatian MAGIC Group Josip Jura

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons that emerge in various theories beyond the standard model. These particles can interact with high-energy photons in external magnetic fields, influencing the observed gamma-ray spectrum. This study analyzes 41.3 hrs of observational data from the Perseus Galaxy Cluster collected with the MAGIC telescopes. We focused on the spectra the radio galaxy in the center of the cluster: NGC 1275. By modeling the magnetic field surrounding this target, we searched for spectral indications of ALP presence. despite finding no statistical evidence of ALP signatures, we were able to exclude ALP models in the sub-micro electronvolt range. Our analysis improved upon previous work by calculating the full likelihood and statistical coverage for all considered models across the parameter space. Consequently, we achieved the most stringent limits to date for ALP masses around 50 neV, with cross sections down to gaγ = 3 × 10−12 GeV−1 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Constraints on VHE gamma-ray emission of Flat Spectrum radio Quasars with the MAGIC telescopes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Ciprini, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Ammando, F. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. del Popolo, A. delfino, M. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Croatian MAGIC Group Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Finnish MAGIC Group Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku T

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSrQs) constitute a class of jetted active galaxies characterized by a very luminous accretion disk, prominent and rapidly moving line-emitting cloud structures (Broad Line region, BLr), and a surrounding dense dust structure known as dusty torus. The intense radiation field of the accretion disk strongly determines the observational properties of FSrQs. While hundreds of such sources have been detected at GeV energies, only a handful of them exhibit emission in the very-high-energy (VHE, E 100 GeV) range. This study presents the results and interpretation derived from a cumulative observation period of 174 hours dedicated to nine FSrQs conducted with the MAGIC telescopes from 2008 to 2020. Our findings indicate no statistically significant (≥ 5 σ) signal for any of the studied sources, resulting in upper limits on the emission within the VHE energy range. In two of the sources, we derived quite stringent constraints on the γ-ray emission in the form of upper limits. Our analysis focuses on modeling the VHE emission of these two sources in search for hints of absorption signatures within the broad line region (BLr) radiation field. For these particular sources, constraints on the distance between the emission region and the central black hole are derived using a phenomenological model. Subsequently, these constraints are tested using a framework based on a leptonic model. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d'Amico, G. d'Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. del Popolo, A. delfino, M. delgado, J. delgado Mendez, C. di Pierro, F. dominis Prester, d. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, r.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G. Giglietto, N. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gozzini, S.r. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. Molero González, M. Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Nava, L. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. Nievas rosillo, M. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nishijima, K. Njoh Ekoume, T. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain 22290-180 URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Armenian MAGIC Group A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany University of Geneva Chemin d'Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engin

Context. The supernova remnant (SNr) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (Crs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy Crs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNr and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100 MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100 MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of Crs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNr, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Standardised formats and open-source analysis tools for the MAGIC telescopes data

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Babić, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. delfino, M. delgado, J. di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Llorente, J. Herrera Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Croatian MAGIC Group Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Finnish MAGIC Group Finnish Cent

Instruments for gamma-ray astronomy at Very High Energies (E > 100 GeV) have traditionally derived their scientific results through proprietary data and software. data standardisation has become a prominent issue in this field both as a requirement for the dissemination of data from the next generation of gamma-ray observatories and as an effective solution to realise public data legacies of current-generation instruments. Specifications for a standardised gamma-ray data format have been proposed as a community effort and have already been successfully adopted by several instruments. We present the first production of standardised data from the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. We converted 166 h of observations from different sources and validated their analysis with the open-source software Gammapy. We consider six data sets representing different scientific and technical analysis cases and compare the results obtained analysing the standardised data with open-source software against those produced with the MAGIC proprietary data and software. Aiming at a systematic production of MAGIC data in this standardised format, we also present the implementation of a database-driven pipeline automatically performing the MAGIC data reduction from the calibrated down to the standardised data level. In all the cases selected for the validation, we obtain results compatible with the MAGIC proprietary software, both for the manual and for the automatic data productions. Part of the validation data set is also made publicly available, thus representing the first large public release of MAGIC data. This effort and this first data release represent a technical milestone toward the realisation of a public MAGIC data legacy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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