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Machine learning-based steering control for automated vehicles utilizing V2X communication

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Machine learning-based steering control for automated vehicl...

Control technology and Applications (CCTA),

作者： Sergei S. Avedisov Chaozhe r. He dénes Takács Gábor Orosz Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Toyota Motor North America R&D - Infotech Labs Mountain View CA USA Navistar Inc. Lisle IL USA Department of Applied Mechanics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary MTA-BME Research Group on Dynamics of Machines and Vehicles Budapest Hungary Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665436441

A neural network-based controller is trained on data collected from connected human-driven vehicles in order to steer a connected automated vehicle on multi-lane roads. The obtained controller is evaluated using model-based simulations and its performance is compared to that of a traditional nonlinear feedback controller. The comparison of the control laws obtained by the two different approaches provides information about the naturalistic nonlinearities in human steering, and this can benefit the controller development of automated vehicles. The effects of time delay emerging from vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, computation, and actuation are also highlighted.

关键词： delay effects roads Conferences robustness Adaptive control Vehicle-to-everything Vehicles

Insights into the broad-band emission of the TeV blazar Mrk 501 during the first X-ray polarization measurements

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Engels Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Antonelli, L.A. Bautista, A.A. Arbet Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. del Popolo, A. delfino, M. delgado, J. Pierro di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Fariña, F.L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Hrupec, d. Hütten, M. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Herrera, J. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Universität Würzburg Würzbu

Aims. We present the first multi-wavelength study of Mrk 501 including very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray observations simultaneous to X-ray polarization measurements from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Methods. We use radio-to-VHE data from a multi-wavelength campaign organized between 2022-03-01 and 2022-07-19 (MJd 59639 to MJd 59779). The observations were performed by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAr, Swift (XrT and UVOT), and several instruments covering the optical and radio bands to complement the IXPE pointings. We characterize the dynamics of the broad-band emission around the X-ray polarization measurements through its multi-band fractional variability and correlations, and compare changes observed in the polarization degree to changes seen in the broad-band emission using a multi-zone leptonic scenario. results. during the IXPE pointings, the VHE state is close to the average behavior with a 0.2-1 TeV flux of 20% - 50% the emission of the Crab Nebula. Additionally, it shows low variability and a hint of correlation between VHE and X-rays. despite the average VHE activity, an extreme X-ray behavior is measured for the first two IXPE pointings in March 2022 (MJd 59646 to 59648 and MJd 59665 to 59667) with a synchrotron peak frequency > 1 keV. For the third IXPE pointing in July 2022 (MJd 59769 to 59772), the synchrotron peak shifts towards lower energies and the optical/X-ray polarization degrees drop. All three IXPE epochs show an atypically low Compton dominance in the γ-rays. The X-ray polarization is systematically higher than at lower energies, suggesting an energy-stratification of the jet. While during the IXPE epochs the polarization angle in the X-ray, optical and radio bands align well, we find a clear discrepancy in the optical and radio polarization angles in the middle of the campaign. Such results further strengthen the hypothesis of an energy-stratified jet. We model the broad-band spectra simultaneous to the IXPE pointings assuming a compa

关键词： Gamma rays

Timing and noise analysis of five millisecond pulsars observed with MeerKAT

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chisabi, M. Andrianomena, S. Enwelum, U. Gasennelwe, E.G. Idris, A. Idogbe, E.A. Shilunga, S. Geyer, M. reardon, d.J. Okany, C.F. Shamohammadi, M. Shannon, r.M. Krishnan, V. Venkatraman Abbate, F. Kramer, M. Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Nigeria Nsukka410101 Nigeria Department of Physics The Copperbelt University Jambo Drive Kitwe21696 Zambia SARAO Liesbeek House River Park Liesbeek Parkway Settlers Way Cape Town7705 South Africa Department of Physics & Astronomy University of the Western Cape Cape Town7535 South Africa Department of Science Laboratory Technology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Physics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana National Space Research and Development Agency Centre for Basic Space Science Nsukka410102 Nigeria Department of Physics Chemistry and Material Science University of Namibia Private Bag 13301 Windhoek Namibia Group Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Rondebosch7701 South Africa Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia Australia Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 SelargiusI-09047 Italy

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in binary systems are precise laboratories for tests of gravity and the physics of dense matter. Their orbits can show relativistic effects that provide a measurement of the neutron star mass and the pulsars are included in timing array experiments that search for gravitational waves. Neutron star mass measurements are key to eventually solving the neutron star equation of state and these can be obtained by a measure of the Shapiro delay if the orbit is viewed near edge-on. Here we report on the timing and noise analysis of five MSPs observed with the MeerKAT radio telescope: PSrs J0900−3144, J0921−5202, J1216−6410, J1327−0755 and J1543−5149. We searched for the Shapiro delay in all of the pulsars and obtain weak detections for PSrs J0900−3144, J1216−6410, and J1327−0755. We report a higher significance detection of the Shapiro delay for PSr J1543−5149, giving a precise pulsar mass of Mp = 1.349+−00043061 M☉ and companion white-dwarf mass Mc = 0.223+−00005007 M☉. This is an atypically low mass measurement for a recycled MSP. In addition to these Shapiro delays, we also obtain timing model parameters including proper motions and parallax constraints for most of the pulsars. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： White dwarfs

Characterization of Markarian 421 during its most violent year: Multiwavelength variability and correlations

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Baack, d. Babić, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Ammando, F. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. delfino, M. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Llorente, J. Herrera Hrupec, d. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kankkunen, S. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Japanese MAGIC Group Department of Physics Tokai University Kanagawa Hiratsuka259-1292 Japan The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Com-plutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Croatian MAGIC Group J

Aims. Mrk 421 was in its most active state around early 2010, which led to the highest TeV gamma-ray flux ever recorded from any active galactic nuclei (AGN). We aim to characterize the multiwavelength behavior during this exceptional year for Mrk 421, and evaluate whether it is consistent with the picture derived with data from other less exceptional years. Methods. We investigated the period from November 5, 2009, (MJd 55140) until July 3, 2010, (MJd 55380) with extensive coverage from very-high-energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV) gamma rays to radio with MAGIC, VErITAS, Fermi-LAT, rXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, VLBA, and a variety of additional optical and radio telescopes. We characterized the variability by deriving fractional variabilities as well as power spectral densities (PSds). In addition, we investigated images of the jet taken with VLBA and the correlation behavior among different energy bands. results. Mrk 421 was in widely different states of activity throughout the campaign, ranging from a low-emission state to its highest VHE flux ever recorded. We find the strongest variability in X-rays and VHE gamma rays, and PSds compatible with power-law functions with indices around 1.5. We observe strong correlations between X-rays and VHE gamma rays at zero time lag with varying characteristics depending on the exact energy band. We also report a marginally significant (∼ 3σ) positive correlation between high-energy (HE;E > 100 MeV) gamma rays and the ultraviolet band. We detected marginally significant (∼ 3σ) correlations between the HE and VHE gamma rays, and between HE gamma rays and the X-ray, that disappear when the large flare in February 2010 is excluded from the correlation study, hence indicating the exceptionality of this flaring event in comparison with the rest of the campaign. The 2010 violent activity of Mrk421 also yielded the first ejection of features in the VLBA images of the jet of Mrk 421. Yet the large uncertainties in the ejection times of these unprece

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

Combined search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon dark matter annihilation signatures with the MAGIC telescopes

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Baack, d. Babić, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Amico, G. d’Elia, V. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Llorente, J. Herrera Hrupec, d. Imazawa, r. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kankkunen, S. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, d. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Nozaki, S. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Paneque, d. Paoletti, r. Paredes, J.M. Peresano, M. Persic, M. Pihet, M. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Croatian MAGIC Group Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Finnish MAGIC Group Finnish C

Massive brane fluctuations, called branons, behave as weakly interacting massive particles, which is one of the most favored class of candidates to fulfill the role of the dark matter (dM), an elusive kind of matter beyond the Standard Model. We present a multi-target search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon dM annihilation signatures with a total exposure of 354 hours with the ground-based gamma-ray telescope system MAGIC. This search led to the most constraining limits on branon dM in the sub-TeV and multi-TeV dM mass range. Our most stringent limit on the thermally-averaged annihilation cross-section (at 95% confidence level) corresponds to 〈σv〉 1.9 × 10−24 cm3s−1 at a branon mass of ∼ 1.5 TeV. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： dark Matter

Stacking of charge-density waves in 2H-NbSe2 bilayers

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cossu, Fabrizio Nafday, dhani Palotás, Krisztian Biderang, Mehdi Kim, Heung-Sik Akbari, Alireza di Marco, Igor Department of Physics Institute of Quantum Convergence and Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics – Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Department of Physics School of Natural and Computing Sciences University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 3UE United Kingdom School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering Sciences KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center StockholmSE-10691 Sweden Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics HUN-REN Wigner Research Center for Physics BudapestH-1525 Hungary HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group University of Szeged SzegedH-6720 Hungary Department of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Huairou District Beijing101408 China Institut für Theoretische Physik III Ruhr-Universität Bochum BochumD-44801 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 UppsalaSE-75120 Sweden Institute of Physics Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń87-100 Poland

We employ ab-initio electronic structure calculations to investigate the charge-density waves and periodic lattice distortions in bilayer 2H-NbSe2. We demonstrate that the vertical stacking can give rise to a variety of patterns that may lower the symmetry of the charge-density waves exhibited separately by the two composing 1H-NbSe2 monolayers. The general tendency to a spontaneous symmetry breaking observed in the ground state and the first excited states is shown to originate from a non-negligible inter-layer coupling. Simulated images for scanning tunnelling microscopy as well as geometric structure factors show signatures of the different stacking orders. This may not only be useful to reinterpret past experiments on surfaces and thin films, but may also be exploited to devise ad-hoc experiments for the investigation of the stacking order in 2H-NbSe2. We anticipate that our analysis does not only apply to the 2H-NbSe2, but is also relevant for thin films and bulk, whose smallest centro-symmetric component is indeed the bilayer. Finally, our results illustrate clearly that the vertical stacking is not only important for 1T structures, as exemplified by the metal-to-insulator transition observed in 1T-TaS2, but seems to be a general feature of metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides as well. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

Insights from the first flaring activity of a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar with X-ray polarization and VHE gamma rays

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Babić, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Barrios-Jiménez, L. Batković, I. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, r. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. d’Ammando, F. d’Amico, G. da Vela, P. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, r. delfino, M. delgado, J. Mendez, C. delgado di Pierro, F. di Tria, r. di Venere, L. dinesh, A. Prester, d. dominis donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsaesser, d. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, r.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, r. Green, d. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Llorente, J. Herrera Hrupec, d. Imazawa, r. Israyelyan, d. Itokawa, T. Martínez, I. Jiménez Quiles, J. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kankkunen, S. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, d. Khachatryan, M. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Konrad, J. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, r. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Maruševec, P. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, d. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, d. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, r. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolic, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Japanese MAGIC Group Department of Physics Tokai University Kanagawa Hiratsuka259-1292 Japan The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Armenian MAGIC Group A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Gr

Context. Blazars exhibit strong variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, including periods of high-flux states commonly dubbed as flares. The physical mechanisms in blazar jets responsible for flares remain to date poorly understood. Aims. We aim to better understand the emission mechanisms during blazar flares using X-ray polarimetry and broadband observations from the archetypical TeV blazar Mrk 421, which can be studied with higher accuracy than other blazars that are dimmer and/or located farther away. Methods. We study a flaring activity from december 2023 that was characterized from radio to very-high-energy (VHE;E > 0.1 TeV) gamma rays with MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, XMM-Newton and several optical and radio telescopes. These observations included, for the first time for a gamma-ray flare of a blazar, simultaneous X-ray polarization measurements with IXPE, besides optical and radio polarimetry data. We quantify the variability and correlations among the multi-band flux and polarization measurements, and describe the varying broadband emission within a theoretical scenario constrained by the polarization data. results. We find substantial variability in both X-rays and VHE gamma rays throughout the campaign, with the highest VHE flux above 0.2 TeV occurring during the IXPE observing window, and exceeding twice the flux of the Crab Nebula. However, the VHE and X-ray spectra are on average softer, and the correlation between these two bands weaker that those reported in previous flares of Mrk 421. IXPE reveals an X-ray polarization degree significantly higher than that at radio and optical frequencies, similar to previous results on Mrk 421 and other high-synchrotron-peaked blazars. differently to past observations, the X-ray polarization angle varies by ∼100◦ on timescales of days, and the polarization degree changes by more than a factor 4. The highest X-ray polarization degree, analyzed in 12 hrs time intervals, reaches 26 ± 2%, around which an X-

关键词： Gamma rays

roadmap on Neuromorphic Photonics

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Brunner, daniel Shastri, Bhavin J. Al-Qadasi, Mohammed A. Ballani, H. Barbay, Sylvain Biasi, Stefano Bienstman, Peter Bilodeau, Simon Bogaerts, Wim Böhm, Fabian Brennan, G. Buckley, Sonia Cai, Xinlun Strinati, Marcello Calvanese Canakci, B. Charbonnier, Benoit Chemnitz, Mario Chen, Yitong Cheung, Stanley Chiles, Jeff Choi, Suyeon Christodoulides, demetrios N. Chrostowski, Lukas Chu, J. Clegg, J.H. Cletheroe, d. Conti, Claudio dai, Qionghai di Lauro, Luigi diamantopoulos, Nikolaos-Panteleimon dinc, Niyazi Ulas Ewaniuk, Jacob Fan, Shanhui Fang, Lu Franchi, riccardo Freire, Pedro Gentilini, Silvia Gigan, Sylvain Giorgi, Gian Luca Gkantsidis, C. Gladrow, J. Goi, Elena Goldmann, M. Grabulosa, A. Gu, Min Guo, Xianxin Hejda, Matěj Horst, F. Hsieh, Jih-Liang Hu, Jianqi Hu, Juejun Huang, Chaoran Hurtado, Antonio Jaurigue, Lina Kalinin, K.P. Kamalian-Kopae, Morteza Kelly, d.J. Khajavikhan, Mercedeh Kremer, H. Laydevant, Jeremie Lederman, Joshua C. Lee, Jongheon Lenstra, daan Li, Gordon H.Y. Li, Mo Li, Yuhang Lin, Xing Lin, Zhongjin Lis, Mieszko Lüdge, Kathy Lugnan, Alessio Lupo, Alessandro Lvovsky, A.I. Manuylovich, Egor Marandi, Alireza Marchesin, Federico Massar, Serge McCaughan, Adam N. McMahon, Peter L. Moralis-Pegios, Miltiadis Morandotti, roberto Moser, Christophe Moss, david J. Mukherjee, Avilash Nikdast, Mahdi Offrein, B.J. Oguz, Ilker Oripov, Bakhrom O'Shea, G. Ozcan, Aydogan Parmigiani, F. Pasricha, Sudeep Pavanello, Fabio Pavesi, Lorenzo Peserico, Nicola Pickup, L. Pierangeli, davide Pleros, Nikos Porte, Xavier Primavera, Bryce A. Prucnal, Paul Psaltis, demetri Puts, Lukas Qiao, Fei rahmani, B. raineri, Fabrice ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. robertson, Joshua romeira, Bruno roques-Carmes, Charles rotenberg, Nir rowstron, A. Schoenhardt, Steffen Schwartz, russell L.T. Shainline, Jeffrey M. Shekhar, Sudip Skalli, A. Sohoni, Mandar M. Sorger, Volker J. Soriano, Miguel C. Spall, James Stabile, ripalta Stiller, Birgit Sunada, Satoshi Tefas, Anastasios Tossoun, Bassem Tsakyridis, Apostolos Turitsyn, Sergei K. Van der Sande, G Université Marie et Louis Pasteur CNRS UMR 6174 Institut FEMTO-ST Besançon25000 France Centre for Nanophotonics Department of Physics Engineering Physics & Astronomy Queen's University Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Microsoft Research Cambridge United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies France Nanoscience Laboratory Department of Physics University of Trento Italy Photonics Research Group Department of Information Technology Ghent University imec Belgium Princeton University NJ United States Hewlett Packard Labs Hewlett Packard Enterprise Böblingen Germany National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO United States State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University China Enrico Fermi Research Center Rome Italy Université Grenoble-Alpes CEA Leti Grenoble France Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena Germany Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Jena Germany Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA United States University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Physics Sapienza University Rome Italy Institute for Complex Systems National Research Council Rome Italy Varennes Canada NTT Device Technology Labs NTT Corporation Kanagawa Atsugi Japan Institute of Electrical and Microengineering School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University China Aston Univ

Neuromorphic photonics are processors inspired by the human brain and enabled by light (photons) instead of traditional electronics. Neuromorphic photonics and its associated concepts are experiencing a significant resurgence, building on foundational research from the 1980s and 1990s. This renewed momentum is driven by breakthroughs in photonic integration, nonlinear optics, and advanced materials, alongside the growing necessity of neuro-inspired computing in numerous applications of economic and societal relevance. The increasing demand for energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) solutions underscores the need for innovation and a cohesive vision to address key challenges, including scalability, energy efficiency, precision, and standardized performance benchmarks. Together, these efforts present an opportunity to establish a unique photonic advantage with practical, real-world applications. This roadmap consolidates recent advances while exploring emerging applications, reflecting the remarkable diversity of hardware platforms, neuromorphic concepts, and implementation philosophies reported in the field. It emphasizes the critical role of cross-disciplinary collaboration in this rapidly evolving field. The roadmap introduces various approaches to embedding the high-complexity transformations central to neuromorphic computing, focusing on frequency, delay, and spectral embeddings. This is followed by a discussion of architectures of photonic neural networks (PNNs) and an in-depth analysis of methods for implementing these architectures in photonic hardware. dedicated sections delve into integrated photonic hardware, the realization of photonic weights and memories, and the optimization of training processes for photonic neuromorphic architectures. The roadmap concludes by exploring numerous potential applications, highlighting the challenges and advances necessary to transition neuromorphic photonic computing from a primarily academic pursuit to a technolog

关键词： Philosophical aspects

Metaproteomics in the One Health framework for unraveling microbial effectors in microbiomes

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Microbiome 2025年第1期13卷 134页

作者： robert Heyer Maximilian Wolf dirk Benndorf Sergio Uzzau Jana Seifert Lucia Grenga Martin Pabst Heike Schmitt Bart Mesuere Tim Van den Bossche Sven-Bastiaan Haange Nico Jehmlich Mariagrazia di Luca Manuel Ferrer Sergio Serrano-Villar Jean Armengaud Helge B Bode Patrick Hellwig Catherine robbe Masselot renaud Léonard Paul Wilmes Multidimensional Omics Analyses Group Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11 44139 Dortmund Germany. robert.heyer@ISAS.de. Multidimensional Omics Analyses Group Faculty of Technology Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany. robert.heyer@ISAS.de. Multidimensional Omics Analyses Group Faculty of Technology Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany. Bioprocess Engineering Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany. Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Sandtorstraße 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany. Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Köthen Germany. Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari 07100 Sassari Italy. Institute of Animal Science University of Hohenheim Emil-Wolff-Str Stuttgart Germany. HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research University of Hohenheim Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg Stuttgart Germany. Département Médicaments Et Technologies Pour La Santé (DMTS) Université Paris-Saclay CEA INRAE SPI Bagnols-Sur-Cèze France. Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands. Institute for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands. Department of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium. VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology VIB 9052 Ghent Belgium. Department of Biomolecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University 9052 Ghent Belgium. Department of Molecular Toxicology Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany. Department of Biology University of Pisa 56127 Pisa Italy. Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP) CSIC 28049 Madrid Sp

One Health seeks to integrate and balance the health of humans, animals, and environmental systems, which are intricately linked through microbiomes. These microbial communities exchange microbes and genes, influencing not only human and animal health but also key environmental, agricultural, and biotechnological processes. Preventing the emergence of pathogens as well as monitoring and controlling the composition of microbiomes through microbial effectors including virulence factors, toxins, antibiotics, non-ribosomal peptides, and viruses holds transformative potential. However, the mechanisms by which these microbial effectors shape microbiomes and their broader functional consequences for host and ecosystem health remain poorly understood. Metaproteomics offers a novel methodological framework as it provides insights into microbial dynamics by quantifying microbial biomass composition, metabolic functions, and detecting effectors like viruses, antimicrobial resistance proteins, and non-ribosomal peptides. Here, we highlight the potential of metaproteomics in elucidating microbial effectors and their impact on microbiomes and discuss their potential for modulating microbiomes to foster desired functions.

关键词： Metaproteomics Microbial community Bacteriophages Microbiome Microbial effectors