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Optimizing radiation shielding properties in borate glasses using gold nanoparticle dispersion

Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Kaur, Jatinder Kanjariya, Prakash Reddy, M.Sudhakara Singla, Shivani Mahapatro, Abinash Shit, Debasish Gupta, Deepak Kulshrestha, Shobha Rameshkumar, C. Sangwan, Gargi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Advanced Centre of Research & Innovation Chandigarh Engineering College Chandigarh Group of Colleges Jhanjeri Punjab Mohali140307 India Marwadi University Research Center Department of Physics Faculty of Science Marwadi University Gujarat Rajkot360003 India Karnataka Bangalore560027 India Department of Physics University Institute of Sciences Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Odisha Bhubaneswar751030 India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of Applied Sciences-Physics NIMS Institute of Engineering & Technology NIMS University Rajasthan Jaipur303121 India Department of Physics Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh Baddi174103 India

This study investigates the impact of gold nanoparticle dispersion on the structural, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of bismuth borate glasses, aiming to develop materials suitable for nuclear and radiological protection applications. Glasses with compositions of 20Bi2O3–80B2O3 were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching technique, incorporating varying concentrations (0 to 1.59 × 10−7 mol%) of as-prepared gold nanoparticles. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed the amorphous nature of all samples, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) identified well-dispersed gold nanoparticles within the borate matrix. In samples with lower gold concentrations, the nanoparticles exhibited an average size of 3.24 nm, significantly smaller than their original 40 nm size of precursor nanoparticles, suggesting fragmentation and reclustering during processing. Whereas, at higher doping levels, nanoparticle size grows to 68.32 nm, indicating concentration-dependent clustering. The decrease in density values from 4.516 g/cm3 to 4.465 g/cm3 revealed the participation of gold nanoparticles in structural modifications. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) demonstrated an increase in thermal stability, with the stability factor (ΔT) rising from 136 °C to 152 °C as gold concentration increased from 0 to 1.59 × 10−7 mol%. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy showed enhanced optical absorbance with gold doping, while Tauc plot analysis revealed a decrease in optical band gap from 3.04 eV (undoped) to 2.56 eV (highest doping), attributed to increased structural disorder. Radiation shielding effectiveness was assessed through Phy-X/PSD software, evaluating Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Half-Value Layer (HVL), Tenth-Value Layer (TVL), and Mean Free Path (MFP) over photon energies ranging from 0.015 to 15 MeV. Additionally, the LAC was experimentally determined at 0.662 MeV using a Cs-1

关键词： Reactor shielding

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Facile synthesis of boric acid-activated biochar from water hyacinth: Enhanced antibiotic adsorption and mechanistic insights

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Chemical Engineering Science 2025年

作者： Van Dien Dang Duy Quang Dao Ha Huu Do Iqra Rabani Chi Van Nguyen Hai Bang Truong Faculty of Biology and Environment Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade 140 Le Trong Tan Tan Phu district Ho Chi Minh 700000 Vietnam Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam School of Engineering and Technology Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam NTT Hi-Tech Institute Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam Antwerp engineering photoelectrochemistry and sensing (A-PECS) University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Optical Materials Research Group Science and Technology Advanced Institute Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Faculty of Applied Technology School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

The widespread antibiotic pollution in water poses serious environmental and health risks. This study synthesized boric acid-activated biochar from water hyacinth to enhance antibiotic adsorption. Using sonication and one-step activation pyrolysis, the optimized adsorbent (BBC-21-800) was produced with a 2:1 boric acid-to-biomass ratio at 800 °C, achieving a tetracycline adsorption capacity of 127.2 ± 1.6 mg g −1 . Boric acid activation increased surface area by 4.4 times (790 m 2 g −1 ), structural defects, and functional groups, enhancing adsorption efficiency. Isotherm and kinetic studies confirmed physisorption, with contributions from mass transfer and diffusion. Comprehensive computational modeling linked experimental results to non-covalent interactions, primarily hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. −BOH functional groups played a key role, while B-doped atoms had minimal impact. The process was spontaneous and exothermic. BBC-21-800 exhibited broad-spectrum antibiotic removal and extended exhaustion times in fixed-bed adsorption, demonstrating its potential for practical water treatment applications.

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Elucidating the vibration modes of two-dimensional hybrid copper halide perovskite crystals by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2024年

作者： Khairunnisa Zulfa Budi Zahara Afif Akmal Afkauni Pramitha Yuniar Diah Maulida Sri Hartati Irma Mulyani Azis Yudhowijoyo Lina Jaya Diguna Muhammad Haris Mahyuddin Djulia Onggo Muhammad Danang Birowosuto Arramel Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPITEK South Tangerang Banten 15314 Indonesia Departemen of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sains Universitas Negeri Padang. Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat Padang Utara Padang 25173 Indonesia Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Group Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Renewable Energy Engineering Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kavling Edutown I.1 Jl. BSD Raya Utama BSD City Tangerang 15339 Indonesia Research Group of Advanced Functional Materials Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland

In recent years, the investigation of 2D hybrid perovskite structures has become increasingly popular. However, there is a gap in the vibrational behavior of lead-free halide perovskites, especially Cu types. In this study, X 2 CuCl 4 was used (X = MA , EA, PMA, and PEA) as samples which were analyzed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy . With increasing chain length, FTIR spectra of EA and MA are shifted as far as 6.72 cm −1 ν(C-H) and 56.85 cm −1 (C−N). In Raman spectroscopy , we found Cu−Cl (177.14 cm −1 ) with EA and MA shifts of 3.82 cm −1 . The shift comes from organic and inorganic anharmonic vibrations.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Retraction notice to ‘Applications of engineered biochar in remediation of heavy metal(loid)s pollution from wastewater: Current perspectives toward sustainable development goals’ [Sci. Total Environ., 926 (2024) 171859] (Science of the Total Environment (2024) 926, (S0048969724020023), (10.1016/***.2024.171859))

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 976卷 179291页

作者： Tran, Thien-Khanh Huynh, Loan Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hoang, Tuan-Dung Hung, Nguyen Tri Q. Nguyen, X. Hoan Chang, S. Woong Nguyen, D. Duc Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi - School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts 144 Xuan Thuy Street Cau Giay District Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://***/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors. The corresponding author approached the journal to make it aware that significant portions of the text of the STOTEN article had already been included in the following publication involving several members of the same authorship group: Minh-Ky Nguyen, Chitsan Lin, Nguyen Tri Quang Hung, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Hong-Giang Hoang, Huu-Tuan Tran, Mohammed Hadi, Chapter 8 - Biochar and engineering applications in remediation of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater toward sustainable development, Editor(s): Xuan-Thanh Bui, Ashok Pandey, Thanh-Tin Nguyen, Shu-Yuan Pan, Low Cost Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: Conventional and Recent Advances, Elsevier, 2025, Pages 195-233, ISBN 9780443236624, https://***/10.1016/B978-0-443-23662-4.00016-0. The authors realise that redundant publications overweigh the relative importance of published findings, and therefore requested the retraction of the STOTEN article. The authors also apologies for any inconvenience caused. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

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Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2024年第1期124卷 1-165页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Kirill V.Mikhailov Gabor Peter Andre Aptroot Carmen L.A.Pires‑Zottarelli Bruno T.Goto Yuri S.Tokarev Danny Haelewaters Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Andre L.C.M.de A.Santiago Ramesh K.Saxena Nathan Schoutteten Madhara K.Wimalasena Vladimir V.Aleoshin Abdullah M.S.Al‑Hatmi Kahandawa G.S.U.Ariyawansa Amanda R.Assuncao Thushara C.Bamunuarachchige Hans‑Otto Baral D.Jayarama Bhat Janusz Błaszkowski Teun Boekhout Nattawut Boonyuen Michael Brysch‑Herzberg Bin Cao Jonathan Cazabonne Xue‑Mei Chen Claudia Coleine Dong‑Qin Dai Heide‑Marie Daniel Suzana B.G.da Silva Francisco Adriano de Souza Somayeh Dolatabadi Manish K.Dubey Arun K.Dutta Aseni Ediriweera Eleonora Egidi Mostafa S.Elshahed Xinlei Fan Juliana R.B.Felix Mahesh C.A.Galappaththi Marizeth Groenewald Li‑Su Han Bo Huang Vedprakash G.Hurdeal Anastasia N.Ignatieva Gustavo H.Jeronimo Ana L.de Jesus Serhii Kondratyuk Jaturong Kumla Martin Kukwa Qirui Li Juliana L.R.Lima Xiao‑Yong Liu Wenhua Lu H.Thorsten Lumbsch Hugo Madrid Franco Magurno Guy Marson Eric H.C.McKenzie Audrius Menkis Armin Mešić Elaine C.R.Nascimento Elena S.Nassonova Yong Nie Naasson V.L.Oliveira Emilia A.Ossowska Julia Pawłowska Ursula Peintner Igor R.Pozdnyakov Bhagya M.Premarathne A.K.Hasith Priyashantha C.Alisha Quandt Mariana B.Queiroz Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar Mubashar Raza Niranjan Roy Milan C.Samarakoon Alessandra A.Santos Lidiane A.Santos Felix Schumm Laura Selbmann Faruk Selcuk D.Rabern Simmons Anastasia V.Simakova Maudy Th.Smith Onden Paraparath Sruthi Nakarin Suwannarach Kazuaki Tanaka Saowaluck Tibpromma Elias O.Tomas Merve Ulukapı Nicolas Van Vooren Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Evi Weber Qianzhen Wu Er Fu Yang Ryuichi Yoshioka Noha H.Youssef Annemarie Zandijk Gui‑Qing Zhang Jin‑Yong Zhang Heng Zhao RuiLin Zhao Oleg A.Zverkov Marco Thines Sergey A.Karpov Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Tropical Microbiology Research Foundation 96/N/10Meemanagoda RoadPannipitiya 10230Sri Lanka Department of Bioprocess Technology Faculty of TechnologyRajarata UniversityMihintaleSri Lanka Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiangRai 57100Thailand Innovative Institutefor Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunmingYunnanChina Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory1Build.40Moscow 119991Russian Federation Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 127051Russian Federation National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms Institute of Food Science and TechnologyHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesSomlóiút 14‑161118 BudapestHungary Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAvenida Costa e Silvas/n Bairro UniversitárioCampo GrandeMS CEP 79070‑900Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria do Meio AmbienteInfraestrutura e LogísticaAv.Miguel Stéfano 3687São PauloSP CEP 04301‑902Brazil Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus UniversitárioNatalRN 59078-900Brazil All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection Sh.Podbelskogo 3PushkinSt.Petersburg 196608Russia Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colora

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 *** higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent *** accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the *** study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious *** accept 19 phyla of Fungi,***,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and *** the phylogenies,Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in *** provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in *** subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et *** Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus *** of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.

关键词： Caulochytriomycota Phylogenomic analyses Pneumocystomycetidae Sanchytriomycotina

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Biochar derived from pistachio shells: a novel adsorbent for efficient lead sequestration in water treatment

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Journal of Molecular Structure 2025年

作者： Lekshmi Raj Dharmesh Sur M M Rekha Mayank Kundlas T. Krithiga Rajashree Panigrahi Haifa A. Alqhtani Rasha E Abo-Eleneen Mahipal Singh Sankhla Meenakshi Verma University Institute of Forensic Sciences University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharaun Mohali Punjab 140413 Marwadi University Research Center Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Marwadi University Rajkot-360003 Gujarat India Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Sciences JAIN (Deemed to be University) Bangalore Karnataka India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 Punjab India Department of Chemistry Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu Department of Microbiology IMS and SUM Hospital Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar Odisha-751003 India Department of Biology college of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. BOX 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Beni-suef University Beni-suef 65211 Egypt Department of Applied Science Chandigarh Engineering College Chandigarh Group of Colleges Jhanjeri Mohali Punjab 140307 India

Lead (Pb 2+ ), which occurs naturally, is a dangerous metal. Lead has been removed for synthetic paint and is widely used in industrial and residential applications, as well as in the smelting and processing of metal. Lead-containing wastewater cannot be completely removed or biodegraded. researchers have focused increasingly on the advantages of creating biochar from biomass in recent years since it addresses a number of environmental issues and advances the circular economy and sustainable development. Due to unique physiochemical characteristics, Pistachio biochar enhances the adsorption efficiency. Thus, as an eco- friendly adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals (Pb 2+ ), the manufacture, efficacy, and characterization of pistachio biochar were the main objectives of the current study. Pistachio shells were allowed to undergo pyrolysis in a muffle furnace at 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, each for 20 minutes, totalling 1 hour. Then, in order to examine adsorption efficiency at various concentrations, temperatures, and pH levels, the optimal condition was found to be 200 mg of catalyst dose (PBC), 0.05 M Pb 2+ solution at a temperature of 60°C. Characterisation of biochar was done using SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD and evaluation of adsorption by UV-VIS Spectroscope. Evolution of PBC from amorphous to crystalline character was noted to be increased from 38.3% to 47.92%. The adsorption efficacy was observed to be 80.98% which obeys Temkin and Hills adsorption isotherm and first order and second order kinetics. The prepared PBC was found to be an efficient platform for the removal of Pb 2+ .

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Nonlinear Control of Damping Constant by Electric Field in Ultrathin Ferromagnetic Films

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Physical Review applied 2020年第1期14卷 014037-014037页

作者： Bivas Rana Collins Ashu Akosa Katsuya Miura Hiromasa Takahashi Gen Tatara YoshiChika Otani RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Theoretical and Applied Physics African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Km 10 Airport Road Galadimawa Abuja F.C.T Nigeria Research and Development Group Hitachi Ltd. 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo Kokubunji-shi Tokyo 185-8601 Japan RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8581 Japan

The performances of many spintronic devices are governed by the damping constant and magnetic anisotropies of constituent materials. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays a key role and is at the origins of these material parameters. Electric field control of magnetic anisotropy is in high demand for developing energy-efficient nanoscale spintronics devices. Although electric field control of interfacial magnetic anisotropies is well studied and understood, the damping constant, on the other hand, is conventionally controlled by current-induced spin-orbit torque. Here, we use an alternative approach to demonstrate nonlinear control of the damping constant in ultrathin ferromagnetic films by an electric field. We explicitly show that the presence of the Rashba SOC at a ferromagnet-insulator interface and the electric field dependence of the Rashba coefficient may account for the observed nonlinear behavior. Furthermore, we show that engineering of the underlying and oxide material properties, i.e., bulk SOC and Rashba SOC, to tune the spin angular momentum relaxation pathways, can possibly increase the device functionality significantly.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy Magnetoelectric effect Spin pumping Spin-orbit coupling Spintronics Transition metal alloys Ultrathin films

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Generating Synthetic Computed Tomography for Radiotherapy: SynthRAD2023 Challenge Report

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Huijben, Evi M.C. Terpstra, Maarten L. Galapon, Arthur Pai, Suraj Thummerer, Adrian Koopmans, Peter Afonso, Manya van Eijnatten, Maureen Gurney-Champion, Oliver Chen, Zeli Zhang, Yiwen Zheng, Kaiyi Li, Chuanpu Pang, Haowen Ye, Chuyang Wang, Runqi Song, Tao Fan, Fuxin Qiu, Jingna Huang, Yixing Ha, Juhyung Park, Jong Sung Alain-Beaudoin, Alexandra Bériault, Silvain Yu, Pengxin Guo, Hongbin Huang, Zhanyao Li, Gengwan Zhang, Xueru Fan, Yubo Liu, Han Xin, Bowen Nicolson, Aaron Zhong, Lujia Deng, Zhiwei Müller-Franzes, Gustav Khader, Firas Li, Xia Zhang, Ye Hémon, Cédric Boussot, Valentin Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Long Bai, Lu Wang, Shaobin Mus, Derk Kooiman, Bram Sargeant, Chelsea A.H. Henderson, Edward G.A. Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Satoshi Karimzadeh, Reza Ibragimov, Bulat Helfer, Thomas Dafflon, Jessica Chen, Zijie Wang, Enpei Perko, Zoltan Maspero, Matteo Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Radiotherapy Department University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Computational Imaging Group for MR Diagnostics & Therapy University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands GROW School for Oncology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany Department of Radiation Oncology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen Netherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers Amsterdam Netherlands School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou China School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China Fudan University Shanghai China Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Indiana University Bloomington United States Advanced Development Engineering Elekta Ltd Montreal Canada Infervision Medical Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China Department of Biomedical Engineering Shantou University China Independent researchers Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Australian e-Health Research Centre CSIRO HerstonQLD Australia Los AngelesCA United States University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany Center for Proton Therapy Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen Switzerland Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland University Rennes 1 CLCC Eugène Marquis INSERM LTSI Rennes France Subtle Medical Shanghai China MedMind Technology Co.

Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, necessitating precise delivery of radiation to tumors while sparing healthy tissues over multiple days. Computed tomography (CT) is integral for treatment planning, offering electron density data crucial for accurate dose calculations. However, accurately representing patient anatomy is challenging, especially in adaptive radiotherapy, where CT is not acquired daily. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior soft-tissue contrast. Still, it lacks electron density information, while cone beam CT (CBCT) lacks direct electron density calibration and is mainly used for patient positioning. Adopting MRI-only or CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy eliminates the need for CT planning but presents challenges. Synthetic CT (sCT) generation techniques aim to address these challenges by using image synthesis to bridge the gap between MRI, CBCT, and CT. The SynthRAD2023 challenge was organized to compare synthetic CT generation methods using multi-center ground truth data from 1080 patients, divided into two tasks: 1) MRI-to-CT and 2) CBCT-to-CT. The evaluation included image similarity and dose-based metrics from proton and photon plans. The challenge attracted significant participation, with 617 registrations and 22/17 valid submissions for tasks 1/2. Top-performing teams achieved high structural similarity indices (≥ 0.87/0.90) and gamma pass rates for photon (≥ 98.1%/99.0%) and proton (≥ 97.3%/97.0%) plans. However, no significant correlation was found between image similarity metrics and dose accuracy, emphasizing the need for dose evaluation when assessing the clinical applicability of sCT. SynthRAD2023 facilitated the investigation and benchmarking of sCT generation techniques, providing insights for developing MRI-only and CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy. It showcased the growing capacity of deep learning to produce high-quality sCT, reducing reliance on conventional CT for treatment planning. © 2024, CC

关键词： Radiotherapy

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