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The compatibility of circularity and national dietary recommendations for animal products in five European countries: a modelling analysis on nutritional feasibility, climate impact, and land use

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第6期6卷 e475-e483页

作者： Frehner, Anita Cardinaals, Renée P M de Boer, Imke J M Muller, Adrian Schader, Christian van Selm, Benjamin van Hal, Ollie Pestoni, Giulia Rohrmann, Sabine Herrero, Mario van Zanten, Hannah H E Department of Socioeconomics Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) Frick Switzerland Animal Production Systems Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Netherlands Farming Systems Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Netherlands Plant Production Systems Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Netherlands Institute of Environmental Decisions Federal Institutes of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) Zurich Switzerland Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Epidemiology Biostatistics Prevention Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Nutrition Group Health Department Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences Zurich Switzerland Department of Global Development College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

Background: National food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are generally designed from a human health perspective and often disregard sustainability aspects. Circular food production systems are a promising solution to achieve sustainable healthy diets. In such systems, closing nutrient cycles where possible and minimising external inputs contribute to reducing environmental impacts. This change could be made by limiting livestock feed to available low-opportunity-cost biomass (LOCB). We examined the compatibility of national dietary guidelines for animal products with livestock production on the basis of the feed supplied by available LOCB. Methods: We investigated whether the national dietary recommendations for animal products for Bulgaria, Malta, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland could be met with domestically available LOCB. We used an optimisation model that allocates feed resources to different species of farm animals. Of the resulting scenarios, we assessed the nutritional feasibility, climate impact, and land use. Findings: Our results showed the environmental benefits of reducing the recommended animal products in the FBDGs, and that animal products from LOCB could provide between 22% (Netherlands) and 47% (Switzerland) of total protein contributions of the FBDGs. This range covers a substantial part of the nutritional needs of the studied populations. To fully meet these needs, consumption of plant-based food could be increased. Interpretation: Our results contribute to the discussion of what quantities of animal products in dietary guidelines are compatible with circular food systems. Thus, national dietary recommendations for animal products should be revised and recommended quantities lowered. This finding is consistent with recent efforts to include sustainability criteria in dietary guidelines. Funding: Swiss National Science Foundation and the Dutch research Council. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access arti

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Gypsum Application for Arsenic Uptake from Water

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Irunde, Regina Ligate, Fanuel Josephat Ijumulana, Julian Bhattacharya, Prosun Mtalo, Felix KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 10B StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Department of Water Resources Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Chemistry department College of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Department of Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Department of Chemistry Mkwawa College of Education University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of

The current study evaluates gypsum behavior for arsenic (As) reduction from water. The parameters such as initial As concentration, contact time, gypsum dosage and pH were evaluated in a batch experiment for natural water and Arsenic solution. Simulation on visual MINTEQ shows As removal increases with the increase in pH and dosage. Application of calcined gypsum at pH 10 removed arsenic to below 10 µg/L after 3 hours from the initial concentration of 1 mg/L. Application of calcined gypsum for treatment of natural water shows As(V) reduction to 0.019 mg/L (84% removal) and As(III) to below 0.1 µg/L (98% removal). The experimental data fitted pseudo-second order with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.99. The Freundlich isotherm explained the experimental result better with R2 0.99 and 1/n of 0.73. Intraparticle diffusion was better explained with the dosage of 50 g/L calcined gypsum applied to remove As concentration of 5.266 mg/L. The linear regression model shows pH as a significant parameter for As removal when 100 g/L calcined gypsum was applied. Gypsum is a locally available resource in Tanzania that stabilizes arsenic contamination below 1 mg/L from drinking water sources around gold mining areas. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calcination

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Citizen science in environmental and ecological sciences

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS

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NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS 2022年第1期2卷 1-20页

作者： Morneau, Dominique Novel Data Ecosystems for Sustainability Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria Centre d’écologie et des sciences de la conservation Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris France Faculté de droit Université de Namur Namur Belgium Citizen Science Lab Leiden University Leiden Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology (NORDECO) Copenhagen Denmark Department of Biology Brandeis University Waltham MA USA Ornamental Plant Pathology Department of Plant Pathology Puyallup Research and Extension Center Washington State University Puyallup WA USA Environmental and Sustainability Participatory Information Systems Group Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform The Francis Crick Institute London UK Departamento de Biologia Marina Facultad Ciencias del Mar Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI) Coquimbo Chile Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA) Coquimbo Chile Department of Geography University College London (UCL) London UK

This PrimeView highlights the utility of citizen science across a range of ecological and environmental science research.

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Applications of engineered biochar in remediation of heavy metal(loid)s pollution from wastewater: Current perspectives toward sustainable development goals

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 926卷 171859页

作者： Tran, Thien-Khanh Huynh, Loan Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hoang, Tuan-Dung Hung, Nguyen Tri Q. Nguyen, X. Hoan Chang, S. Woong Nguyen, D. Duc Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi - School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts 144 Xuan Thuy Street Cau Giay District Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

Environmental pollution of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) caused adverse impacts, has become one of the emerging concerns and challenges worldwide. Metal(loid)s can pose significant threats to living organisms even when present in trace levels within environmental matrices. Extended exposure to these substances can lead to adverse health consequences in humans. Removing HM-contaminated water and moving toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) is critical. In this mission, biochar has recently gained attention in the environmental sector as a green and alternative material for wastewater removal. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the remediation of typical HMs by biochars, associated with an understanding of remediation mechanisms, and gives practical solutions for ecologically sustainable. Applying engineered biochar in various fields, especially with nanoscale biochar-aided wastewater treatment approaches, can eliminate hazardous metal(loid) contaminants, highlighting an environmentally friendly and low-cost method. Surface modification of engineered biochar with nanomaterials is a potential strategy that positively influences its sorption capacity to remove contaminants. The research findings highlighted the biochars' ability to adsorb HM ions based on increased specific surface area (SSA), heightened porosity, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-rich groups. Utilizing biochar modification emerged as a viable approach for addressing lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) pollution in aqueous environments. Most biochars investigated demonstrated a removal efficiency >90 % (Cd, As, Hg) and can reach an impressive 99 % (Pb and Cr). Furthermore, biochar and advanced engineered applications are also considered alternative solutions based on the circular economy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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Fast and simplified fabrication of Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites for antioxidant and antibacterial activities

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Materials and Processing Report 2024年第1期39卷

作者： Hanh Thi Truong Thu Hong Thi Pham Luan Quang Le a Optical Materials Research Group Science and Technology Advanced Institute Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnamb Faculty of Applied Technology School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam c Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute Hanoi Vietnam d Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ABSTRACTThis study reports a fast and simplified chemical reduction method for synthesizing Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites (NCPs) using sodium borohydride and L-ascorbic acid, with chitosan or polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed good monodispersity and predominantly spherical morphology of both chitosan and PVP-stabilized Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles, without agglomeration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of face-centred cubic Cu (fcc-Cu) and fcc-Cu2O phases. Nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan (1%) had larger sizes (53.5 nm for Cu and 26.5 nm for Cu2O) compared to those stabilized by PVP (1%) (40.8 nm for Cu and 22.7 nm for Cu2O). Characteristic absorption peaks of NCPs were observed in the UV-vis spectra at 581–586 nm for Cu and 380–400 nm for Cu2O. Both NCPs and ascorbic acid demonstrated antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging. The antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusandSalmonella typhibacteria was confirmed by the zone of inhibition observed on diffusion disks.

关键词： Chemical reduction Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite chitosan PVP antioxidant antibacterial activities

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Innovative strategies to manage polluted aquatic ecosystem and agri-food waste for circular economy

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Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2024年 21卷

作者： Trivedi, Rashmi Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar Khan, Fahad Pandey, Pratibha Kaushal, Radhey Shyam Sonkar, Madan Kumar, Deepak Saeed, Mohd Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin Emran, Talha Bin Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar Department of Biotechnology Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell Parul University Gujarat Vadodara 391760 India Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences India University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali Gharuan 140413 India Department of Biotechnology Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur 522 502 India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University Himachal Pradesh Solan India Department of Biology College of Sciences University of Hail Hail P.O. Box 2240 Saudi Arabia Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group CCDCU School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor 47500 Malaysia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Daffodil International University Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh

Water, vital for life, faces contamination threats from both natural and human-induced sources, endangering aquatic life and our well-being. As global demands increase, waste generation rises, posing environmental risks while holding untapped potential in valuable biomolecules. This paper aims to examine the profound impact of water pollution on ecosystems and human health while exploring innovative strategies for effective wastewater treatment. Conventional treatment methods, while limited, set the stage for discussion on newer techniques like Metal-organic frameworks, Alkali-activated materials, Molecular biology, and phytoremediation. These pioneering approaches promise cost-effective, eco-friendly wastewater treatment, coupled with valuable compound extraction. Integrating these solutions fosters a circular bio-economy, optimizing resource use and curbing environmental impacts. This review thus explores a path toward sustainable water pollution mitigation and resource maximization in a rapidly evolving world. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Agri-food waste Metal-organic framework Nanotechnology Phytoremediation Resource recovery Wastewater treatment

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Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2025年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Kitagawa, Ryota Nakatsuka, Aoi Kohashi, Teruo Tsuji, Takeyuki Nitta, Honami Mizuno, Kosuke Takamura, Yota Nakagawa, Shigeki Iwasaki, Takayuki Yacoby, Amir Hatano, Mutsuko School of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo Japan Research & Development Group Hitachi Ltd. Hatoyama Saitama Japan Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University CambridgeMA United States

The energy loss in inductor core is a significant limitation in high-frequency power electronics. For evaluating and optimizing soft magnets, simultaneous imaging of both amplitude and phase of AC stray fields beyond 10 kHz is crucial. Here, we develop an imaging technique for analyzing AC magnetization response using diamond quantum sensors. For frequencies up to 200 kHz, we propose a measurement protocol, Qubit Frequency Track (Qurack), where microwave frequency modulation tracks qubit frequency oscillations. For higher frequencies above MHz, quantum heterodyne (Qdyne) imaging is employed. The soft magnetic CoFeB–SiO2 thin films, developed for high-frequency inductors, exhibit near-zero phase delay up to 2.3 MHz, indicating negligible energy loss. Moreover, the energy loss depends on the anisotropy: when the magnetization is driven along the easy axis, phase delay increases with frequency, signifying higher energy dissipation. These results suggest potential applications in analyzing soft magnets and improving the performance of power electronics. (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Covariant density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian cosmological model in f(T) gravity

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sami, Heba Sahlu, Shambel Abebe, Amare Dunsby, Peter K.S. Center for Space Research North-West University South Africa Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Development Department Entoto Observatory and Research Center Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute Ethiopia Department of Physics College of Natural and Computational Science Wolkite University Ethiopia Cosmology and Gravity Group Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Rondebosch Cape Town7701 South Africa

We investigate classes of shear-free cosmological dust models with irrotational fluid flows within the framework of f(T) gravity. In particular, we use the 1+3 covariant formalism and present the covariant linearised evolution and constraint equations describing such models. We then derive the integrability conditions describing a consistent evolution of the linearised field equations of these quasi-Newtonian universes in the f(T) gravitational theory. Finally, we derive the evolution equations for the density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian universe. We explore the behaviour of the matter density contrast for two models - f(T) = µT0(T/T0)n and the more generalised case, where f(T) = T + µT0(T/T0)n, with and without the application of the quasi-static approximation. Our numerical solutions show that these f(T) theories can be suitable alternatives to study the background dynamics, whereas the growth of energy density fluctuations change dramatically from the expected ΛCDM behaviour even for small deviations away from the general relativistic limits of the underlying f(T) theory. Moreover, applying the so-called quasi-static approximation yields exact-solution results that are orders of magnitude different from the numerically integrated solutions of the full system, suggesting that these approximations are not applicable here. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flow of fluids

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Measurement Invariance of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire Across 17 Countries

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applied research IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2023年第3期18卷 1491-1519页

作者： Schutte, Lusilda Brdar, Ingrid Wissing, Marie P. Toncic, Marko Araujo, Ulisses Carlquist, Erik Castro Solano, Alejandro Freire, Teresa del Rocio Hernandez-Pozo, Maria Jose, Paul E. Martos, Tamas Nakamura, Jeanne Nunez del Prado Chaves, Pamela Russo-Netzer, Pninit Singh, Kamlesh Slezackova, Alena Soosai-Nathan, Lawrence Unanue, Wenceslao Vella-Brodrick, Dianne A. Delle Fave, Antonella Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University Potchefstroom South Africa Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Institute of Psychology Oslo New University College Oslo Norway Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Psychology University of Palermo Buenos Aires Argentina Psychology Research Centre School of Psychology Department of Applied Psychology University of Minho Minho Portugal Human Learning Research Group Faculty of Superior Studies (Iztacala) National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Institute of Psychology University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Department of Psychology Claremont Graduate University Claremont CA USA Facultad de Psicología Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Perú Department of Advanced Studies Achva Academic College and Department of Counseling and Human Development University of Haifa Haifa Israel Department of Humanities & Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India Department of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Department of Psychology Anugraha Institute of Social Sciences MK University Tamilnadu India Business School Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Santiago Chile Centre for Wellbeing Science Melbourne Graduate School of Education University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milano Milano Italy

The Meaning in Life Questionnaire assesses presence of and search for meaning in life. Although the questionnaire has shown promising psychometric properties in samples from different countries, the scale's measurement invariance across a large number of nations has yet to be assessed. This study is aimed at addressing this gap, providing insight into how meaning in life is constructed and experienced across countries and into the extent to which cross-country comparisons can be made. A total of 3867 adult participants from 17 countries, aged 30-60, balanced by gender, and with at least secondary education, completed the questionnaire as part of the Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness Investigation. Single sample confirmatory factor analysis, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, and alignment optimization were applied to investigate the scale's performance across the samples. Good psychometric properties and high levels of approximate measurement invariance emerged for the Presence subscale after removal of item 9, the only reverse-phrased item. Performance of the Search subscale varied more across samples, suggesting caution in interpreting related results supporting approximate measurement invariance. The conceptualization of presence of meaning operationalized in the corresponding subscale (without item 9) appears consistent across countries, whereas search for meaning seems to be less universally homogenous and requires further exploration. Moreover, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire does not reflect the conceptual distinction between "purpose" and "meaning" currently acknowledged by researchers. This issue should be further explored in studies addressing the scale's performance across cultures.

关键词： Alignment optimization Cross-cultural measurement invariance Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness Investigation (EHHI) Meaning in Life Questionnaire Measurement

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Proficiency, Clarity, and Objectivity of Large Language Models Versus Specialists’ Knowledge on COVID-19's Impacts in Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

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JMIR Formative research 2025年 9卷 e56126页

作者： Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Buchinger, Michèle Atwan, Hisham Tuma, Ruba Chirico, Francesco Szarpak, Lukasz Farah, Raymond Khamisy-Farah, Rola Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science Data Science and Information Technology Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Sol Plaatje University Kimberley South Africa Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Kaplan Medical Centre Department of Internal Medicine Hebrew University Rehovot Israel Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Galilee Medical Center Nahariya Israel Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of Clinical Research and Development LUXMED Group Warsaw Poland Institute of Medical Science Collegium Medicum The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly strained health care systems globally, leading to an overwhelming influx of patients and exacerbating resource limitations. Concurrently, an “infodemic” of misinformation, particularly prevalent in women’s health, has emerged. This challenge has been pivotal for health care providers, especially gynecologists and obstetricians, in managing pregnant women’s health. The pandemic heightened risks for pregnant women from COVID-19, necessitating balanced advice from specialists on vaccine safety versus known risks. In addition, the advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as large language models (LLMs), offers promising support in health care. However, they necessitate rigorous testing. Objective: This study aimed to assess LLMs’ proficiency, clarity, and objectivity regarding COVID-19’s impacts on pregnancy. Methods: This study evaluates 4 major AI prototypes (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Bard) using zero-shot prompts in a questionnaire validated among 159 Israeli gynecologists and obstetricians. The questionnaire assesses proficiency in providing accurate information on COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy. Text-mining, sentiment analysis, and readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Flesch Reading Ease Score) were also conducted. Results: In terms of LLMs’ knowledge, ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Copilot each scored 97% (32/33), Google Bard 94% (31/33), and ChatGPT-3.5 82% (27/33). ChatGPT-4 incorrectly stated an increased risk of miscarriage due to COVID-19. Google Bard and Microsoft Copilot had minor inaccuracies concerning COVID-19 transmission and complications. In the sentiment analysis, Microsoft Copilot achieved the least negative score (–4), followed by ChatGPT-4 (–6) and Google Bard (–7), while ChatGPT-3.5 obtained the most negative score (–12). Finally, concerning the readability analysis, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease Score showed that Microsoft Copil

关键词： accuracy chatGPT COVID-19 generative artificial intelligence google bard gynecology infectious large language model microsoft copilot natural language processing obstetric pregnancy readability reproductive health sentiment text mining vaccination vaccine women zero shot

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