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Enhancement in performance of CuMnO2 anchored over rGO for water splitting

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2025年 206卷

作者： Qasim, Muffarah Atta, Muhammad Shahrukh safra, Imen Makasana, Jayanti Rekha, M.M. Kumar, G. Senthil Al-Anber, Mohammed A. Das, Sankar Narayan Chaudhary, Rahul Kumar, Abhinav Oza, Ankit D. Department of Chemistry Government Graduate College Taunsa Sharif32100 Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila47080 Pakistan Department of Physics College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Marwadi University Research Centre Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Marwadi University Gujarat Rajkot360003 India Karnataka Bangalore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Applied Science Private University P.O. Box 166 Amman11931 Jordan Odisha Bhubaneswar751030 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh Engineering College Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri Punjab Mohali140307 India Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin Ekaterinburg620002 Russia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy Technical Engineering College The Islamic University Najaf Iraq University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India

Now, the global energy demand increases and scientist are continuously trying to find renewable resources for energy production. Electrochemical water splitting known as an efficient and economical friendly method to fulfil global energy demands. In water splitting catalyst play crucial role. This study presents the synthesis of CuMnO2 electrocatalyst, that is generated via hydrothermal method. The successful fabrication of generated nanohybrid were done by XRD, BET, SEM and EDS which confirmed high crystallinity, surface area, better morphology and purity. The electrocatalytic performance of fabricated composite was checked in basic (1 M KOH) which confirmed lower Tafel slope (43 mV dec−1) and reduced overpotential (η) of 254 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density (j). Additionally, the CuMnO2/rGO composite exhibits an elevated active surface area of 3670 cm2 and lower resistance (1.04 Ω). Moreover, rGO provide higher surface area to catch more electrons for the enhancement in specific electrical conductivity for OER. Eventually, the synergistic interaction of CuMnO2 and rGO enhances the stability and electrical conductivity of the composite by providing an electron transmission pathway and structural integrity. Therefore, the above stated results shows that synthesized composite exhibited remarkable efficacy in OER process. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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Bauxite Prospective Mineral for Arsenic Elicitation from Water and Acidity Influence

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Irunde, Regina Ligate, Fanuel Ijumulana, Julian Hamisi, Rajabu Maity, Jyoti Prakash Kumar, Rakesh Mtalo, Felix Bhattacharya, Prosun KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 10B StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Department of Water Resources Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Chemistrydepartment CollegeofNaturalandAppliedSciences UniversityofDaresSalaam Tanzania United Republic of Department of Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Department of Chemistry Mkwawa College of Education University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences KIIT Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751024 India Department of Biosystems Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States

The study evaluates bauxite performance for arsenic (As) elucidation from water. The raw, calcined, and alkaline ferric-bauxite composite were applied in batch experiment to evaluate the influence of dosage, initial As concentrations, contact time and pH. The X-ray diffractometer revealed significant content of gibbsite (Al(OH)3 in the bauxite. Visual MINTEQ simulation indicated As removal increases with an increase in dosage and the pH range between acidic and near neutral favors maximum removal. The 100 g/L calcined bauxite at pH 7.4 removed 99.9% As to below 0.001 mg/L after 20 minutes from initial concentration of 1 mg/L. The raw 100 g/L bauxite at pH 6 removed 99.86% As to below 0.003 mg/L after 1 hour from initial concentration of 1 mg/L. The alkaline ferric-bauxite composite used for treatment of 2 mg/L As, raised pH from pH 4 to 12, and removal efficiency declined to 31% after 4 hours. Aluminium (Al) was sensitive to pH and about 435 mg/L was release in water at pH 12. Despite the decrease in specific surface area during calcination at 500 °C, the As removal was more improved for the calcined bauxite. The removal capacity was high up to 6 mg/g when less dosage of 0.5 g/L bauxite was used. The kinetic reaction process using 5 g/L reaction obeys pseudo second order with R2 of 0.99 while its removal isotherm obeys Langmuir with R2 of 0.98 and was confirmed favorable. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potable water

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Structural analysis of cannabinoids against EGFR-TK leads a novel target against EGFR-driven cell lines

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Current research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery 2022年 3卷

作者： Lamtha, Thomanai Tabtimmai, Lueacha Songtawee, Napat Tansakul, Natthasit Choowongkomon, Kiattawee Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioinformatics (PROTEB) Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Spectroscopic and Sensing Devices Research Group (SSDRG) National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family of proteins and are involved in downstream signal transduction, plays prominent roles in cell growth regulation, proliferation, and the differentiation of many cell types. They are correlated with the stage and severity of cancer. Therefore, EGFRs are targeted proteins for the design of new drugs to treat cancers that overexpress these proteins. Currently, several bioactive natural extracts are being studied for therapeutic purposes. Cannabis has been reported in many studies to have beneficial medicinal effects, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, and antitumor activity. However, it is unclear whether cannabinoids reduce intracellular signaling by inhibiting tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. In this study, cannabinoids (CBD, CBG, and CBN) were simulated for binding to the EGFR-intracellular domain to evaluate the binding energy and binding mode based on molecular docking simulation. The results showed that the binding site was almost always located at the kinase active site. In addition, the compounds were tested for binding affinity and demonstrated their ability to inhibit kinase enzymes. Furthermore, the compounds potently inhibited cellular survival and apoptosis induction in either of the EGFR-overexpressing cell lines. © 2022

关键词： CBD CBG CBN EGFR Molecular dynamics simulations Tyrosine-kinase inhibition

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Doing burden-sharing right to deliver natural climate solutions for carbon dioxide removal

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Nature-Based Solutions 2023年 3卷

作者： Yuwono, Bintang Yowargana, Ping Fuss, Sabine Griscom, Bronson W. Smith, Pete Kraxner, Florian Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR) International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Energy Economics Group (EEG) Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drive Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) Institute for Sustainable Economic Development Department of Economics and Social Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change & Humboldt University of Berlin Center for Natural Climate Solutions Conservation International Arlington VA United States Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) figures prominently in modelled pathways to achieve the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5-2°C compared to pre-industrial levels. However, national roles and responsibilities to deliver CDR have been informed with CDR quota analyses that focus on developed economies and global major emitters. This study extends the discussion to implications for developing countries. For that purpose, we employ a diverse set of allocation methods on a wide range of global emissions scenarios to address equitability and uncertainty in sharing the burden of climate change mitigation. We further focus on tropical developing countries due to their large potential for natural climate solutions (NCS) that deliver CDR. Our analysis indicates the potential for stringent CDR quotas for the top seven countries that contribute ∼60% of pantropical cost-effective NCS potential, with median national quotas across emissions scenarios ranging from 0.1-29 GtCO2. However, the results reveal strong heterogeneity of quotas and inherent bias across allocation methods making agreement on an ‘equitable’ quota unlikely. Competition among NCS and non-NCS CDR options may arise when ambitious CDR quotas are implemented in countries with vast forest areas or large potential for expansion of tree cover. Therefore, it is important to not use CDR quotas to evaluate national climate actions or to inform climate targets that could exacerbate trade-offs between emissions reduction, biodiversity and ecosystem services in these NCS-rich countries. Instead, results from burden-sharing exercises could foster higher ambition if used to inform voluntary cooperation mechanisms. Discrepancy between perceived fairness and CDR quotas should be critically and transparently embraced to encourage acknowledgment of socio-ecological co-benefits as compensation. Such an approach will allow tropical developing economies to prioritise protection and restoration of nature in their cli

关键词： burden-sharing carbon dioxide removal climate change mitigation developing countries equity natural climate solutions

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Scanning protocol influence on relative electron Density-CT number calibrations and radiotherapy dose calculation for a Halcyon Linac

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Thanh Tai, Duong Nhu Tuyen, Pham Duc Tuan, Hoang Hung, Hoang T.P. Kandemir, Recep Omer, Hiba Sulieman, Abdelmoneim Bradley, David Chow, James C.L. Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Medicine Nguyen Tat Thanh University 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street Ward 13 District 4 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Shing Mark Hospital Dong Nai 810000 Viet Nam Danang Irradiation Facility Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology VINATOM 550000 Da Nang Viet Nam Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Medical Physics Izmir Turkey Dokuz Eylül University Vocational School of Health Services The Program of Radiotherapy Izmir Turkey Department of Radiological Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P. O. Box 1982 Dammam34212 Saudi Arabia Department of Radiological Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Al Ahsa Saudi Arabia Imaging Physics Section Research and Innovation Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Applied Radiation Physics and Technologies Group Sunway University 46150 PJ Malaysia School of Mathematics and Physics University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto TorontoONN5T 1P5 Canada Radiation Medicine Program Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network ONM5G 1X6 Canada

Tissue Relative Electron Density (RED), typically determined via computation of CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) values, has an accuracy which is affected by the choice of CT scanning parameters. The influence of these on the RED-CT number calibration curves is of importance, not least concerning variations in CT x-ray tube voltage and current. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variations in CT x-ray tube voltage and current on the calibration curves of RED - CT number conversion, with the aim of improving the accuracy of dose calculation in radiotherapy treatment planning. An electron density phantom CIRS have been conducted at 200 mAs, for tube voltages of 80, 110, and 130 kVp, corresponding images being calibrated in terms of RED-CT number conversion curves. Subsequent treatment plans have been generated, identified in terms of the applied tube voltages, the 130 kVp plan being designated the reference plan. The remaining plans have been compared to the reference plan via analysis of isodose distribution and dose. The influence of tube voltage were being found to be greatest for high-density substances such as bone in comparison to low-density materials. Conversely, the CT number of a titanium rod has been consistent, regardless of the choice of tube voltage or current. The effect of tube current variation on the calibration curves has been minor at higher tube voltages but more pronounced using lower voltages and current. The presence in the phantom of plugs of high-density materials has resulted in beam hardening artefacts, impacting on the RED values for other plugs. In achieving accurate dose calculation for radiotherapy treatment plans the work underscores the need to account for effects of CT scanning parameters on the RED-CT number conversion curves. Further emphasized is the importance of careful selection of imaging protocols in seeking to minimize beam hardening artefacts and to ensure accurate determination of RED. The study demonstrat

关键词： X ray tubes

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An overview on the key advantages and limitations of batch and dynamic modes of biosorption of metal ions

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Chemosphere 2024年 357卷 142051页

作者： Malbenia John, Masamvu Benettayeb, Asmaa Belkacem, Mohamed Ruvimbo Mitchel, Chitepo Hadj Brahim, Mustapha Benettayeb, Imene Haddou, Boumediene Al-Farraj, Saleh Alkahtane, Abdullah Ali Ghosh, Soumya Chia, C.H. Sillanpaa, Mika Baigenzhenov, Omirserik Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et de Catalyse Hétérogène département de Génie Chimique Université de Sciences et de la Technologie -Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB BP 1505 EL-M'NAOUAR Oran31000 Algeria BP 1505 El M'naouer Oran31000 Algeria Département d'automatique et Informatique Industrielle Université de Sciences et de la Technologie -Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB BP 1505 EL-M'NAOUAR Oran31000 Algeria Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center University of Nizwa 616 Nizwa Oman Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Functional Materials Group Gulf University for Science and Technology Mubarak Al-Abdullah Kuwait 32093 Kuwait Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Division of Research & Development Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara144411 India Department of Chemical Engineering School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein2028 South Africa Department of Metallurgical Engineering Satbayev University Almaty050013 Kazakhstan Faculty of Chemistry Semnan University Semnan Iran Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh 174103 India Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein9301 South Africa

Water purification using adsorption is a crucial process for maintaining human life and preserving the environment. Batch and dynamic adsorption modes are two types of water purification processes that are commonly used in various countries due to their simplicity and feasibility on an industrial scale. However, it is important to understand the advantages and limitations of these two adsorption modes in industrial applications. Also, the possibility of using batch mode in industrial scale was scrutinized, along with the necessity of using dynamic mode in such applications. In addition, the reasons for the necessity of performing batch adsorption studies before starting the treatment on an industrial scale were mentioned and discussed. In fact, this review article attempts to throw light on these subjects by comparing the biosorption efficiency of some metals on utilized biosorbents, using both batch and fixed-bed (column) adsorption modes. The comparison is based on the effectiveness of the two processes and the mechanisms involved in the treatment. Parameters such as biosorption capacity, percentage removal, and isotherm models for both batch and column (fixed bed) studies are compared. The article also explains thermodynamic and kinetic models for batch adsorption and discusses breakthrough evaluations in adsorptive column systems. The review highlights the benefits of using convenient batch-wise biosorption in lab-scale studies and the key advantages of column biosorption in industrial applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biosorption

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Insights from dynamics, mechanisms, factors and mitigation strategies of salt precipitation for CO 2 geo-storage within saline aquifer

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Earth-Science Reviews 2025年 267卷

作者： Bo Wang Yuanhao Chang Rui Ma Xiangzeng Wang Hongyang Wang Fanhua Zeng Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Regina Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada Nanomechanical Lab Department of Structural Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) 7491 Trondheim Norway Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group Co. Ltd. Xi'an Shaanxi 710075 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

CO 2 geo-storage in saline aquifers offers significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, salt precipitation resulting from mineral crystallization during gas-liquid percolation affects CO 2 injectivity and storage efficiency. This review synthesizes recent field data, experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical studies to identify knowledge gaps and improve understanding. It provides insights into the dynamics, mechanisms, factors, and mitigation strategies of salt precipitation for CO₂ geo-storage in saline aquifers. Field data indicate that salt precipitation mainly occurs within 10–30 m of the wellbore, reducing absolute permeability by 60–70 %. Experimental and numerical studies suggest that capillary-driven drying leads to significant pore blockage near the wellbore, while diffusion- or evaporation-driven mechanisms cause more evenly distributed precipitation. Despite a decrease in absolute permeability, CO 2 relative permeability may increase by 5–6 times. Two major challenges contribute to discrepancies between theoretical models and field data: the migration behavior of salt crystallization and dynamic evaporation of the brine. Addressing these challenges requires high-temperature, high-pressure microchip experiments to visualize and quantify brine evaporation dynamics and salt precipitation at the pore scale. Additionally, core flooding tests, coupled with real-time CT/MRI imaging and particle flow simulations, are essential for investigating the interaction between salt precipitation and pore structure damage. Despite the significant impact of reservoir characteristics, brine properties, and injection strategies on salt precipitation dynamics, systematic studies remain limited, and current research is fragmented. This review proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework incorporating multi-factor coupling to better assess salt precipitation risks and improve CO₂ storage efficiency. These findings provide a foundation for man

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10. AVAST development

10. AVAST Development

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作者： Authors: Lichodzijewski, M. Defence Research and Development Canada Atlantic Research Centre Halifax NS (CAN) Applied Technology Group Halifax NS (CAN)

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Multifaceted role of polyphenols in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases

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Chemosphere 2022年第Part3期307卷 136020页

作者： Islam, Fahadul Islam, Md Mohaimenul Khan Meem, Atkia Farzana Nafady, Mohamed H. Islam, Md Rezaul Akter, Aklima Mitra, Saikat Alhumaydhi, Fahad A. Emran, Talha Bin Khusro, Ameer Simal-Gandara, Jesus Eftekhari, Aziz Karimi, Fatemeh Baghayeri, Mehdi Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Daffodil International University Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Giza 12568 Egypt Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Department of Medical Laboratories College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University Buraydah52571 Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chittagong4381 Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology Hindustan College of Arts & Science Padur OMR Chennai603103 India Centre for Research and Development Department of Biotechnology Hindustan College of Arts & Science Padur OMR Chennai603103 India Universidade de Vigo Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Faculty of Science OurenseE32004 Spain Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Biomedicine Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Department of Chemical Engineering Quchan University of Technology Quchan Iran Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hakim Sabzevari University PO. Box 397 Sabzevar Iran

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are conditions that cause neuron structure and/or function to deteriorate over time. Genetic alterations may be responsible for several NDDs. However, a multitude of physiological systems can trigger neurodegeneration. Several NDDs, such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, are assigned to oxidative stress (OS). Low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are crucial for maintaining normal brain activities, as their increasing concentrations can promote neural apoptosis. OS-mediated neurodegeneration has been linked to several factors, including notable dysfunction of mitochondria, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. However, synthetic drugs are commonly utilized to treat most NDDs, and these treatments have been known to have side effects during treatment. According to providing empirical evidence, studies have discovered many occurring natural components in plants used to treat NDDs. Polyphenols are often safer and have lesser side effects. As, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, celastrol, berberine, genistein, and luteolin have p-values less than 0.05, so they are typically considered to be statistically significant. These polyphenols could be a choice of interest as therapeutics for NDDs. This review highlighted to discusses the putative effectiveness of polyphenols against the most prevalent NDDs. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

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MAMMAL REVIEW 2023年第2期53卷 49-64页

作者： Nams, Vilis O. Parker, Dan M. Weise, Florian J. Patterson, Bruce D. Buij, Ralph Radloff, Frans G. T. Vanak, Abi Tamim. Tumenta, Pricelia. N. Hayward, Matt. W. Swanepoel, Lourens H. Funston, Paul J. Bauer, Hans Power, R. John O'Brien, John O'Brien, Timothy G. Tambling, Craig J. de Iongh, Hans H. Ferreira, Sam M. Owen-Smith, Norman Cain, James W., III Fattebert, Julien Croes, Barbara M. Spong, Goran Loveridge, Andrew J. Houser, Ann Marie Golabek, Krystyna A. Begg, Colleen M. Grant, Tanith Trethowan, Paul Musyoki, Charles Menges, Vera Creel, Scott Balme, Guy A. Pitman, Ross T. Bissett, Charlene Jenny, David Schuette, Paul Wilmers, Christopher C. Hunter, Luke T. B. Kinnaird, Margaret F. Begg, Keith S. Owen, Cailey R. Steyn, Villiers Bockmuehl, Dirk Munro, Stuart J. Mann, Gareth K. H. du Preez, Byron D. Marker, Laurie L. Huqa, Tuqa J. Cozzi, Gabriele Frank, Laurence G. Nyoni, Phumuzile Stein, Andrew B. Kasiki, Samuel M. MacDonald, David W. Martins, Quinton E. van Vuuren, Rudie J. Stratford, Ken J. Bidner, Laura R. Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne Maputla, Nakedi W. Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng Parker, Tim Van't Zelfde, Maarten Isbell, Lynne A. Beukes, Otto B. Beukes, Maya Department of Plant Food and Environmental Scienes Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro NS B2N 5E3 Canada Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology & Entomology Rhodes University P.O. Box 94 Grahamstown 6140 South Africa School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Nelspruit 1200 South Africa Centre for Wildlife Management University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa CLAWS Conservancy Pride in Our Prides Worcester MA 01608 USA N/a'an ku sê Research Programme P.O. Box 99292 Windhoek Namibia Negaunee Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605 USA Animal Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3A 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane Boise ID 83709 USA Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences Faculty of Applied Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology P.O. Box 652 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Bangalore 560064 India School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 3629 South Africa Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang P.O. Box 138 Yaounde Cameroon Regional Training Centre Specialized in Agriculture Forestry-wood and Environment (CRESA Foret Bois) University of Dschang P.O. Box 138 Yaounde Cameroon Conservation Science Research Group School of Environmental and Life Sciences College of Engineering Science and the Environment University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa Department of Nature Conservation Tshwane University of Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Panthera New York NY 10018 USA Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology

Spatial patterns of and competition for resources by territorial carnivores are typically explained by two hypotheses: 1) the territorial defence hypothesis and 2) the searching efficiency hypothesis. According to the territorial defence hypothesis, when food resources are abundant, carnivore densities will be high and home ranges small. In addition, carnivores can maximise their necessary energy intake with minimal territorial defence. At medium resource levels, larger ranges will be needed, and it will become more economically beneficial to defend resources against a lower density of competitors. At low resource levels, carnivore densities will be low and home ranges large, but resources will be too scarce to make it beneficial to defend such large territories. Thus, home range overlap will be minimal at intermediate carnivore densities. According to the searching efficiency hypothesis, there is a cost to knowing a home range. Larger areas are harder to learn and easier to forget, so carnivores constantly need to keep their cognitive map updated by regularly revisiting parts of their home ranges. Consequently, when resources are scarce, carnivores require larger home ranges to acquire sufficient food. These larger home ranges lead to more overlap among individuals' ranges, so that overlap in home ranges is largest when food availability is the lowest. Since conspecific density is low when food availability is low, this hypothesis predicts that overlap is largest when densities are the lowest. We measured home range overlap and used a novel method to compare intraspecific home range overlaps for lions Panthera leo (n = 149) and leopards Panthera pardus (n = 111) in Africa. We estimated home range sizes from telemetry location data and gathered carnivore density data from the literature. Our results did not support the territorial defence hypothesis for either species. Lion prides increased their home range overlap at conspecific lower densities whereas leopards did

关键词： African cats home range overlap leopards Panther pardus lions Panthera leo movement searching efficiency territorial defence

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