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Biomarkers in immunology: Their impact on immune function and response

Advances in Biomarker sciences and technology 2025年 7卷 95-110页

作者： Deepika Kaushik Baojun Xu Mukul Kumar Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Shoolini University Solan 173229 HP India Food Science and Technology Program Department of Life Sciences BNU-HKBU United International College China Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India

The immune system is a complex network of organs, tissues, and cells that plays a critical role in defending the body against life-threatening diseases such as infections, cancer, Alzheimer's, and Crohn's disease. Biomarkers serve as valuable tools for assessing immune responses to these threats and evaluating the efficacy of interventions such as vaccines and immunotherapies. They are particularly useful in monitoring immune function in individuals with autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, or in immunodeficiencies, where immune responses are inadequate. Biomarkers provide a dynamic and comprehensive means of understanding disease mechanisms through observational and analytical epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. However, despite their potential, the clinical application of biomarkers faces challenges, including sensitivity, reproducibility, and the complexity of multi-biomarker panels. Standardization of analytical techniques remains a critical hurdle, as variability in methodologies can impact the reliability and comparability of biomarker data. Addressing these challenges through improved analytical characterization, validation protocols, and integration of advanced technologies is essential to enhance the clinical utility of biomarkers in immune system assessment and disease management. Moreover, biomarkers offer critical insights into disease progression, from early onset to advanced stages, though their sensitivity and specificity may be influenced by various factors. In this review, we focus on the effect of biomarkers on the immune system.

关键词： Biomarker Epidemiology Immune system Immunodeficiencies Prognosis

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Multilevel Particle Filters for Partially Observed McKean-Vlasov Stochastic Differential Equations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Awadelkarim, Elsiddig Jasra, Ajay Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China

In this paper we consider the filtering problem associated to partially observed McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The model consists of data that are observed at regular and discrete times and the objective is to compute the conditional expectation of (functionals) of the solutions of the SDE at the current time. This problem, even the ordinary SDE case is challenging and requires numerical approximations. Based upon the ideas in [3, 12] we develop a new particle filter (PF) and multilevel particle filter (MLPF) to approximate the afore-mentioned expectations. We prove under assumptions that, for ϵ > 0, to obtain a mean square error of O(ϵ2) the PF has a cost per-observation time of O(ϵ−5) and the MLPF costs O(ϵ−4) (best case) or O(ϵ−4 log(ϵ)2) (worst case). Our theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Mean square error

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Characterization of Chromogenic Bacteria Using Agro-Waste Extracts as Substrate for Pigments Production

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zeleke, Birhanu Muleta, Diriba Dinka, Hunduma Tsegaye, Dereje Ali, Jemal Hassen Department of Applied Biology School of Applied Natural Science Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Environmental Biotechnology Unit Institute of Biotechnology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Natural and Computational Sciences Ethiopia Department of Applied Chemistry School of Applied Natural Science Adama Science andTechnology University Adama Ethiopia Adama Public Health Research Referral Laboratory Center Adama895067 Ethiopia Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program Ethiopia

Background: Microbial pigments are becoming one of the important research areas to explore their potential as eco-friendly substitute to synthetic chemicals. Therefore, this research aims at exploring pigment producing bacteria as potential substitute to synthetic dyes by culturing on agro-waste ***: The study was conducted by collecting environmental samples from various sites in Ethiopia. The samples were serially diluted and inoculated on nutrient agar using streak plate technique for colony detection and isolation. Screenings for eco-physiological tolerance were conducted using one-variable-at-a-time-method on agro-waste extracts that were prepared by decoction method. Morphological, biochemical and MALDI-TOF techniques were used for identification of the pigment producing isolates. Solvent extraction method was employed for pigment extraction. The extracted pigments were characterized using ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-MS techniques. Results: A total of 1321 isolates were retrieved from the samples. The pigmented isolates were tolerant to incubation temperature between 28oC-45oC, pH 6-10, culture agitation between 60 rpm-120 rpm, salt concentration from 1% -5%, and glucose and yeast extract at 1% and 0.1%, respectively. The retrieved potent pigment producing isolates were identified as Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus luteus and Exiguobacterium auranticum. Among the isolates, Micrococcus luteus was found the major pigment producing from which 1.47 g/L of pigment produced using orange waste extract as substrate. The FTIR spectral analysis of the pigment demonstrated the presence of hydroxyl, alkane and alkene groups. Moreover, analysis of UV-Vis and LC-MS revealed that the organic species responsible for the pigmentation was carotenoid compound. The pigment was found temperature and pH sensitive compared to other factors. Conclusion: The study indicates the potential of Micrococcus luteus isolated from hot environment as a promising candidate for

关键词： Textile industry

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Is a Simulation better than Teleoperation for Acquiring Human Manipulation Skill Data?

Is a Simulation better than Teleoperation for Acquiring Huma...

引用

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Donghyeon Kim Seong-Su Park Kwang-Hyun Lee Dongheui Lee Jee-Hwan Ryu Robotics Program Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Applied Science Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Autonomous Systems Technische Universitat Wien (TU Wien) Vienna Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

This study explores the feasibility of using simulations as a better interface to collect human object manipulation skills for learning from demonstrations (LfD). Recently, numerous researchers have started introducing teleoperation systems to acquire human manipulation skills. However, capturing the subtle, force-involved interaction skills of humans in teleoperation is still challenging due to its inherent dynamic delays and feedback transparency. This research evaluates the effectiveness of demonstration data obtained through simulation versus teleoperation. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, tasks such as plane cutting, tight peg-in-hole, and deformable pipe plugging were performed to assess the quality of demonstrations acquired. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of demonstration through simulation in capturing the operator’s force-involved interaction skills. Simulation creates an environment similar to performing tasks with bare hands by minimising dynamic delays due to the exclusion of physical robots and effectively rendering high stiffness. As a result, the demonstration through simulation method has proven effective in extracting interaction data and capturing physical task performance skills.

关键词： Hands Dynamics Rendering (computer graphics) Data models Delays Data mining Intelligent robots

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Stochastic Dynamics and Probability Analysis for a Generalized Epidemic Model with Environmental Noise

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Boukanjime, Brahim Maama, Mohamed Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Economic Calculations Hassan First University of Settat Morocco Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

In this paper we consider a stochastic SEIQR (susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered) epidemic model with a generalized incidence function. Using the Lyapunov method, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution to the model, ensuring that it remains well-defined over time. Through the application of Young’s inequality and Chebyshev’s inequality, we demonstrate the concepts of stochastic ultimate boundedness and stochastic permanence, providing insights into the long-term behavior of the epidemic dynamics under random perturbations. Furthermore, we derive conditions for stochastic extinction, which describes scenarios where the epidemic may eventually die out, and V-geometric ergodicity, which indicates the rate at which the system’s state converges to its equilibrium. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to verify our theoretical results and assess the model’s behavior under different parameters. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic models

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How Panel Layouts Define Manga: Insights from Visual Ablation Experiments

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Feng, Siyuan Yoshinaga, Teruya Hayashi, Katsuhiko Washio, Koki Kamigaito, Hidetaka The University of Tokyo Department of Language and Information Sciences Tokyo Japan Sophia University Graduate Degree Program of Applied Data Sciences Tokyo Japan Nara Institute of Science and Technology Division of Information Science Nara Ikoma Japan

Today, manga has gained worldwide popularity. However, the question of how various elements of manga, such as characters, text, and panel layouts, reflect the uniqueness of a particular work, or even define it, remains an unexplored area. In this paper, we aim to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the visual characteristics of manga works, with a particular focus on panel layout features. As a research method, we used facing page images of manga as input to train a deep learning model for predicting manga titles, examining classification accuracy to quantitatively analyze these features. Specifically, we conducted ablation studies by limiting page image information to panel frames to analyze the characteristics of panel layouts. Through a series of quantitative experiments using all 104 works, 12 genres, and 10,122 facing page images from the Manga109 dataset, as well as qualitative analysis using Grad-CAM, our study demonstrates that the uniqueness of manga works is strongly reflected in their panel layouts. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Ablation

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Effects of the rolling directions on wear of the aluminum alloys 4th

Effects of the rolling directions on wear of the aluminum al...

引用

4th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical sciences and technology, PST 2021, and the 2nd International Conference on Engineering Tribology and applied technology, ICETAT 2020

作者： Chang, Yuh-Ping Chu, Li-Ming Liu, Chien-Te Wang, Jin-Chi Chen, Kao-Wei Green Energy Technology Research Center Kun Shan University Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology Department of Applied Science National Taitung University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783035715286

Due to the booming development of the automation industry and the transportation industry, the mechanical components are prone to wear under long-term operating conditions. To improve the wear resistance, effects of the rolling directions on wear of the aluminum alloys are studied. An optical microscope is used to analyze the crystal phase, and the correlation between the crystal grains and the rolling direction is studied. This study can therefore establish a key technology for improving the wear resistance of aluminum alloys. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Wear resistance

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Effects of shot peening on the tribological properties of aluminum alloys with T6 treatment 6

Effects of shot peening on the tribological properties of al...

引用

6th International Conference on Precision Machinery and Manufacturing technology, ICPMMT 2021

作者： Chang, Y.P. Chu, L.M. Liu, C.T. Wang, J.C. Chen, K.W. Green Energy Technology Research Center Kun Shan University Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology Department of Applied Science National Taitung University Taiwan

Aluminum alloy has many excellent properties such as light texture, corrosion resistance, and easy processing, etc., so it is widely used on the market. The shot peening method can effectively eliminate residual stress and increase its reverse stress, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-fatigue and prolong service life. Therefore, the effects of shot peening on the tribological properties of aluminum alloys with T6 Treatment are investigated in this study. The reciprocating friction test was carried out with three different aluminum alloy mid-plate test pieces, two different shot peening impact parameters and two different loads. Moreover, the macroscopic and microscopic methods are used to discuss the tribological performance of friction and wear. The experimental results show that the plastic deformation is formed on the surface of the material by the shot peening impact method. Although the hardness increases, it also causes inelastic and brittle properties. It can be seen that although the ball striking method can improve the performance of bending, tensile, compression and impact resistance to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life, when repeated stress is applied, the fatigue resistance will decrease and it will not resist wear. The results will be beneficial to the future of the aerospace industry to develop more internationally competitive products. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shot peening

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Effects of temperature rise of grease on lubricating performance of drive elements under the extreme pressure 4th

Effects of temperature rise of grease on lubricating perform...

引用

4th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical sciences and technology, PST 2021, and the 2nd International Conference on Engineering Tribology and applied technology, ICETAT 2020

作者： Chang, Yuh-Ping Chu, Li-Ming Wang, Hsiang-Yu Liu, Chien-Te Chen, Qi-Wen Green Energy Technology Research Center Kun Shan University Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology Department of Applied Science National Taitung University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783035715286

To transfer more power and use it in a heavy load environment, the contact surface between the ball and the track must bear great stress. The temperature always rises due to friction, which is more likely to cause problems of material deformation and fatigue failure. As a result, it will be a key technology to maintain a certain lubricating effect of the transmission components under the environment of heavy load and temperature rise. Through the analysis of friction coefficient and electrical contact resistance, the greases are used to test the lubricating effect of the transmission elements under the heavy load condition. The results will be helpful for the industry to use heavy load greases as a reference. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Temperature

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Using 4D-STEM to Map 3D Morphologies of 2D Materials

引用

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 262-263页

作者： Mireles, Adan Shi, Chuqiao Park, Jeongwon Shin, Bongki Sung, Suk Hyun Ophus, Colin Hovden, Robert Kang, Kibum Han, Yimo Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA United States

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