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2009 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Bielefeldt, Angela Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering United States

Some researchers have indicated that teams with greater cognitive diversity produce superior results. Cognitive diversity can take a variety of forms, but in this work diversity of personality types is explored. The impact of cognitive styles on team performance was evaluated in a freshman environmental engineering (EVEN) course. The students worked on projects involving comparative analysis and some calculations, but no design or intrinsically "creative" requirements. Specifically, student teams in 2006, 2007, and 2008 evaluated solid waste landfills. In 2006 and 2007 the project encompassed three or four periods of in-class direction and work time. In 2008, the project was modified to compare the energy and environmental impacts of landfills to waste-to-energy incinerators and included only two class periods with instructor direction (lecture and question/answer). Three different methods were used to form the student teams. In 2006, student grades in the class to date were used to create groups with similar average scores. In 2007, each team included a non first-year student or a student in the honors program in an attempt to assign a potential "team leader" for each group. An evaluation tool to determine perception and judgment roles based on Jungian typology38 was administered via a written questionnaire to the students on the first day that the semester-project was introduced. This enabled determination of the cognitive diversity on the pre-assigned teams. In 2008, the cognitive style inventory results were used to create teams with maximum diversity. Earlier in the semester, student groups assigned alphabetically compared drinking water alternatives. The team performance on the landfill project across the three years of the project was compared. There was not a strong indication that consideration of cognitive diversity in team formation improved the quality of the project report as indicated by higher grades. The two different team experiences in 2008 were al

关键词： Students

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Preparing a submission to the journal of the acoustical society of America on applied projects in architectural acoustics

Preparing a submission to the journal of the acoustical soci...

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157th Meeting Acoustical Society of America 2009

作者： Wang, Lily Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln 101A Peter Kiewit Institute Omaha NE 68182-0681 United States

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) encourages authors to submit articles for publication that are based on more applied projects, such as those commonly found in the technical area of architectural acoustics. However, very few of this type have been published in the recent past. Suggestions on how such articles should be prepared and how they may meet the 'significance' criterion will be given, from the viewpoint of a current JASA associate editor in architectural acoustics. Additionally a review of such articles that have been published in JASA within the past few decades will be provided. © 2009 Acoustical Society of America.

关键词： architectural acoustics

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Active noise barrier minimizing pressure gradient

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Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 2010年第1期11卷

作者： Carl Hart Siu-Kit Lau Durham School of Architectural Eng. and Construction University of Nebraska - Lincoln 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha Nebraska 68182 Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln 203C Peter Kiewit Institute Omaha NE 68182-0681

Minimization of the sound pressure field within the shadow zone of a noise barrier is achieved by reducing the pressure gradient along a line, at the top of a barrier, via active noise control. The noise control effectiveness of a barrier is increased by this strategy, especially for specific system configurations. The proposed method was evaluated by numerical simulation. Results indicate that system orientation has little effect on minimizing the pressure gradient at the top of the barrier when the error sensors are invisible to the primary noise disturbance. Highly effective control within the shadow zone and close to the barrier is possible when the system is oriented at an angle where two or more error sensors are in line with the first diffracting edge and the primary noise disturbance. Increasing the spatial extent of the quiet zone is possible by increasing the number of control sources, where the error sensors have a line of sight with the primary noise disturbance. [Work supported by a fellowship (CRH) and grant (SKL) from the University of Nebraska - Lincoln.]

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Acoustics of elementary school classrooms: Correlations of varying background noise level and reverberation time to student achievement.

Acoustics of elementary school classrooms: Correlations of v...

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38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering 2009, INTER-NOISE 2009

作者： Ronsse, Lauren M. Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182-0681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676903

This research correlates two classroom acoustic parameters, background noise level and reverberation time, with standardized student achievement scores in elementary school classrooms in a midwestern United States public school system. Previous research in this area has shown high background noise level and reverberation time in spaces negatively impacts children's learning and performance. However, the specific levels at which detrimental effects begin to occur have not been clearly defined. The recommendation in the ANSI S12.60 Classroom Acoustics Standard for unoccupied background noise level is 35 dBA. Because many of the previous classroom acoustics studies have targeted spaces with higher background noise levels, more research is needed to determine if the unoccupied background noise level must necessarily be this low. This study surveys a wide range of elementary school classrooms to determine what (if any) unoccupied background noise level and reverberation time are necessary for optimizing student achievement.

关键词： Reverberation

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"flipping" the classroom to explore active learning in a large undergraduate course

"flipping" the classroom to explore active learning in a lar...

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2009 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Zappe, Sarah Leicht, Robert Messner, John Litzinger, Thomas Lee, Hyeon Woo Leonhard Center Pennsylvania State University United States Architectural Engineering Department Penn State United States Department of Architectural Engineering United States Computer Integrated Construction Research Program Penn State United States Leonhard Center United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Penn State. United States Pennsylvania State University United States Department of Education Sangmyung University Korea Republic of

In traditional approaches to teaching engineering classes, the instructor plays the role of information conveyor, while the students assume a receiver role with primary responsibilities of listening and note-taking. Research into how students learn suggests that students need to be more actively engaged with the course material to maximize their understanding. The literature contains many examples of active learning strategies, such as teams solving problems in class and the use of student response systems with conceptual questions. Incorporating active learning strategies into a class means that there will be less time for delivering material via lecture. Therefore, instructors who choose to utilize active learning strategies must find ways to ensure that all required course content is still addressed. This paper discusses an instructional technique called the "classroom flip" model which was assessed in a larger, undergraduate architectural engineering class. In this model, lecture content is removed from the classroom to allow time for active learning, and the content that was removed is delivered to students via on-line video. This approach 'flips' the traditional use of lecture and more active learning approaches. Lecture occurs outside of class, and more active learning, such as problem solving, happens during class. Assessment data was collected to examine students' use of the video lectures and perceptions of the classroom flip. The students' feedback suggests that while the active learning and additional project time available in class improved their understanding, they would prefer that only about half the classes be flipped and some use of traditional lectures should be maintained. © American Society for engineering Education, 2009.

关键词： Students

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Investigation of system configuration and pressure gradient control for active noise barrier

Investigation of system configuration and pressure gradient ...

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38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering 2009, INTER-NOISE 2009

作者： Lau, Siu-Kit Tang, Shiu-Keung Architectural Engineering Program Peter Kiewit Institute University of Nebraska - Lincoln 1110 South 67th Street Omaha NE 68182-0681 United States Department of Building Services Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kolwoon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676903

Traffic noise-pollution degrades the environmental quality and the public health of populated neighborhoods located along the traffic roads. The high frequency component of this noisepollution can be attenuated by noise barriers and absorbed by air, while the low frequency component remains hard to attenuate due to the nature of diffraction and propagation of sound. Active noise control proves to be very efficient in attenuating low frequency noise. Allied with a noise barrier, this concept is important and worth pursuing further for control of sound at broadband-frequency. However, a major problem with this kind of application is limited by the declined performance when the secondary source away from the primary source when minimizing the sound pressure at the barrier edge in the existing publications. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new configuration of control loudspeakers and error sensors to closely match the primary acoustic-noise characterization behind the barrier generated by sound diffraction. Numerical analysis on its performance is carried out. The results of this study indicate that the improved performance of active noise barrier can be achieved using the new configurations of control loudspeakers and error sensing strategy.

关键词： Noise pollution

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A student-led effort to assess the effect of urban runoff on Potter Lake

A student-led effort to assess the effect of urban runoff on...

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World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers

作者： Porter, England Kenny, John Peltier, Edward Young, C. Bryan Environmental Studies Program University of Kansas 252 Snow Hall 1460 Jayhawk Blvd. Lawrence KS 66045 66045 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street Lawrence KS 66045 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784410363

Potter Lake is a small water body on the University of Kansas campus. Eutrophication and sedimentation are both significant water quality issues for this system. As stormwater runoff provides as significant portion of the total inflow to this system, student-led efforts to develop a restoration and management plan for Potter Lake, have focused on assessing the quantity and quality of this runoff. A water balance model for the Potter Lake watershed was developed using climatological data and watershed characteristics. Runoff samples from four locations were collected for water quality analysis using passive collection bottles suspended in existing storm sewers. Water quality analysis indicates that runoff from Jayhawk Boulevard contributes a disproportionate amount of the total loading of suspended solids and phosphorus, particularly during heavy storms when soils are mobilized from open areas along this street. Improving the water quality in Potter Lake may require treatment of this stormwater prior to discharge into the lake. © 2009 ASCE.

关键词： Lakes

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Pretreatment of wheat straw with a novel oxidant for bioethanol production

Pretreatment of wheat straw with a novel oxidant for bioetha...

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American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2009

作者： Xiu, Shuangning Shahbazi, Abolghasem Luster-Teasley, Stephanie Shirley, Vestel B. Biological Engineering Program Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Design North Carolina AandT State University Greensboro NC United States Department of Civil Architectural Agricultural and Environmental Engineering North Carolina AandT State University Greensboro NC United States Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Design North Carolina AandT State University Greensboro NC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615673629

Pretreatment is one of the key factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. This study investigated the feasibility of using a novel oxidant as solvent to release fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic materials. The wheat straw at a solid loading rate of 10% was treated with oxidant concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% based on oven dried biomass and retention times of 30 min, 60 min, 180 min and 24 hrs at room temperature. Through a 4x4 full factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design, the effect of oxidant concentration and retention time on the oxidative delignification of straw were determined. The two main fermentable sugar, glucose and xylose, in the prehydrolyzate were analyzed. In addition, the solid residues were hydrolyzed by cellulase with the supplementation of β-Glucosidase to investigate the enzymatic digestibility. The amount of glucose increased with the increase in the oxidant concentration, while retention time did not significantly influence the release of glucose from wheat straw. The oxidant concentration and retention time have no significant effect on the xylose contents in the prehydrolyzate. In comparison with glucose, only small amount of xylose released from wheat straw, indicating hemicellulose was slightly attacked but cellulose was highly attacked. The increased severity of the oxone concentration resulted in more solubilization of cellulose, bur the glucose yield did not appreciably increase beyond 10%. Cellulose remaining in the pretreated feedstock was highly digestable by cellulase. The digestibility is 77.4% higher than the non-pretreated wheat straw.

关键词： Glucose

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Preparing a submission to the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America on applied projects in architectural acoustics

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Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 2009年第1期6卷

作者： Lily Wang Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln 101A Peter Kiewit Institute Omaha NE 68182-0681

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Advances in the characterization of the polarity of DOM under ambient water quality conditions using the polarity rapid assessment method

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Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2008年第6期8卷 725-733页

作者： Philibert, Marc Bush, Steve Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L. Suffet, I.H. Environmental Science and Engineering Program UCLA School of Public Health Box 95-1772 Los Angeles CA 90095 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 United States

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a mixture of compounds that are found ubiquitously in natural waters. The characterization of DOM is important in order to understand its effect on environmental processes and during treatment systems. Of all the properties usually measured with relation to DOM, the polarity is of critical importance since it will directly influence different processes. Recently, a new method has been developed for the characterization of DOM under ambient conditions, called the Polar Rapid assessment Method (PRAM). The PRAM allows characterization and temporal and spatial comparisons under environmentally relevant conditions of pH and ionic strength. This study first modifies the PRAM method to 3 probes for high sample throughput by using a subset of the SPE sorbents to interpret DOM polarity by DOC and UV detection. Then the modified PRAM is compared to the XAD resin polarity method and finds a similarity in hydrophobic assessment but different results for the hydrophilic DOM. This study then evaluates the use of PRAM as a tool to evaluate water treatment processes and the character of size fractions of DOM. The PRAM is shown to be a very useful tool to evaluate and thus optimize treatment efficiency and removal of DOM. © IWA Publishing 2008.

关键词： Ionic strength

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