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Leaching behavior of sustainable concrete made with coal ash wastes as replacement of cement and sand

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第52期31卷 61437-61450页

作者： Rafieizonooz, Mahdi Kim, Jang-Ho Jay Khankhaje, Elnaz Rezania, Shahabaldin School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-Ro 50 Seodaemun-Gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-Ro Gongneung-Dong Nowon-Gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

The coal-fired power plant fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are gradually used as alternative materials in the concrete. However, knowledge of the leaching characteristics of using both incinerator ashes in concrete production is lacking. This work aimed to evaluate the leaching behavior of the FA and BA used in concrete production by employing batch and tank leaching tests. The outcomes of both leaching tests showed that there was no considerable leaching of any trace elements to the environment, and it remains much lower than standard limitations for utilization as construction materials. The results of cumulative mass discharge showed that the slope of flux time for all elements was less than 0.4 and because of that, primary surface wash-off was the main discharge process of all the heavy metals. Strength test results revealed that there was not much difference between coal ash concrete (CAC) and the control mix at the initial age of curing time. Despite that, at a long period of curing time (180 days), the compressive strength of CAC containing 20% FA as cement replacement and 100% BA as fine aggregate replacement increased by 76% due to the pozzolanic reaction of BA and FA in comparison to the normal concrete, while, due to the high porosity of BA, the workability of CAC decreased by 50%. The outcomes of the current work revealed that the combined use of FA and BA can be counted as a promising alternative in the production of sustainable concrete for structural applications toward sustainable development. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Trace elements

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Analyzing the Impact of Indoor Environmental Quality on Physiological Response and Work Performance: Implications for IEQ Control Strategies

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Oh, Donggeun Kim, Jimin Kim, Handon Jang, Hyounseung Hong, Taehoon An, Jongbaek Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

This study aims to analyze the effects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors with simultaneous changes in illuminance and noise levels on building occupants’ physiological response and work performance. To this end, four scenarios with changes in illuminance and noise levels were set up, and brain wave indices and work performance measured through a Stroop test were conducted during the scenarios. First, the findings revealed that noise and the interaction between illuminance and noise affect the building occupants’ physiological response. Second, the illuminance was 150 lux, and the noise level was 40 dB, there was a correlation between the relative theta (0.685;p © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Prevention of Thermal Pollution of Groundwater near Open Loop Geothermal Energy Systems

Prevention of Thermal Pollution of Groundwater near Open Loo...

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World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Neupauer, R.M. Okkonen, J. Tyson, E. Dept. of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Univ. of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Geological Survey of Finland Espoo Finland Environmental Engineering Program Univ. of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484852

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484852

Open loop geothermal energy systems (GES) extract groundwater through an extraction well, pass the water through a heat exchanger to remove or add heat, then reinject the cooled or heated water into the aquifer. Because the reinjected water has a different temperature than the ambient groundwater, reinjection creates a thermal plume that travels downgradient and can be harmful to downstream water users or ecosystems. The heat from the thermal plume dissipates as the plume travels through the aquifer, so after sufficiently long distances have been traveled, the water has returned to the ambient temperature of the aquifer. Thus, the sites chosen for GES should be located sufficiently far from temperature-sensitive ecosystems. We propose the adjoint method for identifying allowable locations of GES. With the adjoint method, information is propagated upgradient from the location of the ecosystem, such that only one adjoint simulation is required to evaluate the appropriateness of any location as a site for GES. The application of the adjoint method in this context requires the assumption that the water extraction and reinjection have a minimal influence on the flow field. In this work, the errors introduced by that assumption are evaluated, and a correction is developed to reduce the errors introduced by that assumption. The approach is applied and tested for a field site in Finland, where the ambient groundwater velocity is very low and therefore the extraction and reinjection of water at the GES substantially alters the flow field. © World Environmental and Water Resources Congress *** rights reserved

关键词： Aquifers

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Ieq Uniformity Improvement Using Fabric Air Dispersion System in the Stair-Type Lecture Hall Based on Cfd Analysis

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Choi, Seeun Kim, Jimin Kim, Handon Cho, Hyunsang Jang, Hyounseung Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul01811 Korea Republic of

As the importance of indoor environment quality (IEQ) increases, it is crucial to secure IEQ uniformity so that all occupants in stair-type lecture halls perform learning activities in a comfortable IEQ. Therefore, this study analyzed IEQ uniformity through a comprehensive analysis by influence factors, such as occupancy level or climate when using existing electric heat pump (EHP) systems. Also analyzed the improvement of IEQ uniformity when using a fabric air dispersion (FAD) system instead of EHP system, securing IEQ uniformity through air conditioning (AC) systems. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) result show that when the EHP system was used, the uniformity of the indoor air temperature (IAT), predicted mean vote (PMV), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in stair-type lecture halls, both in summer and winter, decreased as the occupancy level increased. On the other hand, when the FAD system was applied, the average for max difference of IAT, PMV, and CO2 in summer and winter decreased by more than 50% compared to the use of EHP system. Furthermore, levels that do not exceed the comfort level in the total area based on PMV increased by 15% in summer and 10% in winter. It is expected that it will contribute to the occupants’ well-being and the improvement of productivity and work performance in various types of building through the elaboration of the FAD system that is effective in securing IEQ uniformity. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Machine learning in concrete science:applications,challenges,and best practices

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1192-1208页

作者： Zhanzhao Li Jinyoung Yoon Rui Zhang Farshad Rajabipour Wil V.Srubar III Ismaila Dabo Aleksandra Radlińska Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Structural Engineering Research Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT)Goyang-si10223Republic of Korea Department of Civil Environmentaland Architectural EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO80309USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO80309USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Concrete,as the most widely used construction material,is inextricably connected with human *** conceptual and methodological progress in concrete science,concrete formulation for target properties remains a challenging task due to the ever-increasing complexity of cementitious *** the ability to tackle complex tasks autonomously,machine learning(ML)has demonstrated its transformative potential in concrete *** the rapid adoption of ML for concrete mixture design,there is a need to understand methodological limitations and formulate best practices in this emerging computational ***,we review the areas in which ML has positively impacted concrete science,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the implementation,application,and interpretation of ML *** conclude by outlining future directions for the concrete community to fully exploit the capabilities of ML models.

关键词： concrete directions autonomous

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Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Structures

Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Struct...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Lu, Wei-Chun Oudghiri-Idrissi, Othman Poli, Andrea Arruda, Ellen M. Tol, Serife Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The precision of space structures is sensitive to high-temperature variation during on-orbit operations. This work develops zero thermal expansion (ZTE) metamaterials that can be integrated into space structures to restrict large thermal deformation under precision requirements. The proposed bi-material ZTE metamaterial beams show extremely low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for a wide temperature variation. Static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the designed metamaterials for performance evaluation. The proposed ZTE beam elements are integrated into a 48-meter rib of a space RF antenna to enhance its thermal precision over a wide temperature range. Further, experimental validation of the ZTE truss beam design is conducted in a thermal chamber to demonstrate its low thermal deformation compared to a reference aluminum truss beam. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trusses

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Integration of the Ottoman Hammams in Bosnia and Herzegovina into Modern Life: Case Study of Isa Bey Hammam 1

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International Symposium on Sustainable Urban Development, BHAAAS 2024

作者： Mataraci, Aliye Fatma Ćorović, Adi School of Humanities and Social Sciences Al Akhawayn University P.O Box 104 Hassan II Avenue Ifrane53000 Morocco Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Architectural Program International University of Sarajevo Hrasnička cesta 15 Ilidža71210 Bosnia and Herzegovina

ISBN: (数字)9783031710766

ISBN: (纸本)9783031710759

This work focuses on the historical journey of the Isa Bey Hammam from its foundation in the fifteenth century all the way to today. It explores the possibilities of maintaining cultural heritage via integration into modern life. Hammams in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent an architectural typology of the Ottoman period that is directly related to antiquity and the hammams in Ancient Greece and Rome. The first hammam in Sarajevo was built by Isa Bey Ishaković, the founder of the city. Its form was radically changed during the Austro-Hungarian period (1878–1918). Today, it functions as both a hammam and a hotel. This paper aims to underline the historical continuity of these facilities in relation to previous historical periods, but also the changes in style, form, and function introduced to Ottoman hammam architecture over the course of centuries, despite the scarcity of material remains and historical sources. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： History

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Characterization of Ureolysis and Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Under Different Incubation and Reaction Conditions

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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THE ACTUAL CONDITION AND ISSUES OF CURATORS SPECIALIZING IN ARCHITECTURE & HANDLING MATERIALS RELATED TO ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN SPACE IN MUSEUM − Through analysis of a list covering nationwide museums and questionnaire to municipal museum in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2023年第72期29卷 1116-1121页

作者： Ishikawa, Ryota Ookawa, Yuuki Hatsuda, Kosei Graduate School of Engineering Architecture Program Kogakuin Univ Japan School of Architecture Dept. of Architectural Design Kogakuin Univ Japan

This research shows the actual condition and issues of curators specializing in architecture & handling materials related to architecture and urban space in museum through analysis of a list covering nationwide museums and questionnaires to municipal museums in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa. In particular, we showed the current situation that curators in another field are in charge of outreach activities outside the museum and cultural property preservation work in addition to the usual work inside the museum, and the necessity of curators specializing in architecture & the possibility of multi-stage cooperation of architectural experts. © 2023 architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Architecture

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Experimental Shear Test of Bond Strength between 3d Printed Concrete Layers

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lee, Yoon Jung Lee, Sang-Hoon Kim, Jae Hyun Jeong, Hoseong Han, Sun-Jin Kim, Kang Su Department of Architectural Engineering and Smart City Interdisciplinary Major Program University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Architectural Engineering University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Architectural Engineering Jeonju University Cheonjam-ro Wansan-gu Jeollabuk-do 55069 Korea Republic of

In structures manufactured using 3D concrete printing(3DCP), cracks can easily propagate along the interface between printed layers. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the interlayer bond strength. In this study, direct shear and tensile tests were performed to determine the interlayer bond strength of the 3DCP members. To confirm the appropriateness of the mix proportion used to fabricate the specimens, the open time available for printing was identified via a mixing test, and the extrudability and buildability were verified via a printing test. In addition, direct shear and tensile tests were performed using the specimen manufacturing method (i.e., mold casting and 3D printing) and printing time gap (PTG) between the laminated layers as key test variables. The interlayer bond strengths of the specimens, according to the variables obtained from the test results, were compared and analyzed based on the interfacial shear strength standards presented in the current structural codes. In the direct shear test, failure occurred at the interlayers of all the specimens, and the interlayer bond strength tended to decrease with increasing PTG. In addition, the interlayer bond strength of the direct shear specimens exceeded the interfacial shear strength suggested by current structural codes. In contrast, in the direct tensile test, interlayer surface failure occurred only in some specimens, and there was no distinct change in the interlayer bond strength owing to PTG. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shear flow

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