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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Mansy, Khaled O'Hara, Steven Oklahoma State University United States Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Oklahoma State University United States Department of Architectural Engineering School of Architecture Oklahoma State University United States

In the midst of the current environment-conscious era, sustainable architecture and sustainable engineering are seen as the vehicle to creating green buildings. This paper investigates the role of daylighting systems in green design. The paper argues that: engineering of daylighting systems is necessary to optimize the use of energy in buildings. The use of engineering principles in the design for daylight may overcome the current barriers to effective incorporation of daylighting systems in buildings;in academia and in practice. That is why more emphasis should be given to experimental research in the field of daylighting systems in order to establish a set of rigorous engineering principles for the design of daylighting systems. In the end, the paper gives a brief description of a new model of an artificial sky dome that is designed by OSU faculty. This artificial sky dome is now under construction and will be used by undergraduate and graduate students to perform experimental research in the field of daylighting design. © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： Information systems

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Experiments and analyses on a timbrel dome

Experiments and analyses on a timbrel dome

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AEI 2006

作者： Erdogmus, Ece Skourup, Brian Department of Architectural Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln 203C Peter Kiewit Institute 1110 South 67th St. Omaha NE 68182 Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska-Lincoln ASCE AEI

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

The Nebraska State Capitol in Lincoln contains some of the best examples of timbrel vaults and domes designed by the Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino in the 1930's. In this unique construction style, the thin bricks are placed flatly, forming one or more layers and they are constructed without centering or other support. In the case of a dome, the bricks are placed in concentric rings to complete a semi-sphere. During the construction, the bricks are supported by the adhesion of the fast-setting mortar to the completing walls or to the bordering walls. A half scale model of one of these timbrel domes in the Nebraska State Capitol is constructed at the Peter Kiewit Institute Structures Laboratory of the University of Nebraska. The model dome is designed according to Guastavino's original drawings gathered from the Capitol archives, and the construction procedures described in the pertinent literature are followed closely. In this article, first, the details of the construction of the model dome are presented. Then, initial assessments on the structural behavior of the timbrel dome construction will be discussed based on preliminary results of modal experiments and finite element analyses. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： Structural design

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Measuring sound power in ducted heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems for use in verifying acoustical prediction methods

Measuring sound power in ducted heating, ventilating, and ai...

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AEI 2006

作者： Ryherd, Steven R. Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln PKI 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

This paper discusses issues regarding in-situ methods of obtaining sound power at a point in a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system. Such a method is being used as part of a larger investigation on acoustical prediction methods to allow for comparison of measured data to results from attenuation predictions of individual duct elements, such as elbows or dampers. Sound propagation in HVAC duct work is complex. Any measurements of sound energy in the duct must address the characteristics of sound propagation in ducts, end reflections, and air turbulence. Investigations are being conducted to understand the extents to which these acoustical issues affect measurement results. The study provides a better understanding of sound propagation in HVAC ducts for future investigation of acoustical prediction methods. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： architectural acoustics

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Room acoustics in coupled volume spaces

Room acoustics in coupled volume spaces

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AEI 2006

作者： Bradley, David T. Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln Peter Kiewit Institute 1110 S. 67th Street Omaha NE 68182-068

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

The study of sound in the built environment is finding more awareness in the 21st century. As this awareness has increased, and as computing power has grown, the method of computer modeling for studying room acoustics in such settings as classrooms, offices, and performances spaces has taken great strides in recent years. Of particular interest has been the study of the coupled volume space due to its unique ability to provide contrasting acoustical phenomenon. A coupled volume room is generally defined as a space consisting of a large main volume containing high levels of sound absorption connected through small sonically transparent apertures to a smaller coupled volume with lower absorption. When a sound source is placed in the main volume, this configuration may lead to sound energy being trapped in the coupled volume, which is then released back into the main space at a later time. The delay in sound energy from the coupled volume results in a double-sloped sound decay in the main volume, resulting in intriguing acoustical phenomenon not typically seen in single volume spaces. The real world application of this type of space is most commonly found in concert hall settings. The use of computer modeling to study this relatively complex type of space is a comparatively new development, and the limits of the method have yet to be fully explored. This research focuses on determining the effects of the architectural parameters, absorption level and aperture size, on the room acoustics in coupled volume spaces. A coupled volume concert hall computer model was constructed and analyzed in order to determine these effects. Comparative analysis of several configurations of the model reveals that increased absorption in the coupled volume decreases double slope effect, while the effect generally peaks for a relatively small aperture opening size. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： Acoustics

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Accuracy tests for simulations of VAV dual-duct, single-zone, four-pipe fan-coil, and four-pipe induction air-handling systems

Accuracy tests for simulations of VAV dual-duct, single-zone...

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2006 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, ASHRAE

作者： Yuill, G.K. Haberl, J.S. Caldwell, J.S. ASHRAE Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska Lincoln Department of Architecture Texas A and M University College Station TX James Posey Associates Baltimore MD

This paper provides a method for verifying the accuracy of computer models that simulate the performance of the air-handling components of four types of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems: the dual-fan VAV dual-duct system, the single-zone system, the four-pipe fan-coil system, and the four-pipe induction system. To accomplish this, a detailed description of each system and its operating parameters was developed and a set of eight test conditions was generated, consisting of carefully chosen space loads and weather conditions. Each of the systems was simulated at each of the defined conditions. The thermodynamic properties at each point in the system, as well as the heating and cooling coil loads, were calculated. The calculations were then repeated by a second analyst using an independently developed program. The maximum deviation in the total coil loads was 1.8%, and the average of the absolute deviations was 0.4%. These validated results can be used by program developers or users to test the performance of the air-side simulations contained in most building energy analysis computer programs. © 2006 ASHRAE.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Appropriate characterization of background noise levels in the workplace

Appropriate characterization of background noise levels in t...

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AEI 2006

作者： Bowden, Erica E. Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln PKI 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

Overall loudness is not the only quality of indoor background noise that affects occupants. The distribution of noise across frequency (pitch), whether or not the noise contains tones, and whether or not the noise changes over time must also be considered. There are several indoor noise criteria systems available to quantify the background noise in rooms, but many of them do not account for these factors. These systems are commonly used by architects and engineers, and often incorporated into manufacturer's data, design guides, and standards. There is much debate over which of the criteria systems best reflect how occupants will respond to noise. To examine these issues, an extensive study is being completed at the University of Nebraska investigating the effects of various types of air-conditioning noise on occupant productivity and perception. Results from performance tests and questionnaires are used to evaluate a number of these noise criteria systems. Specific implications of this project on characterizing noise in the workplace will be discussed. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： Acoustic noise

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Effects of noise on productivity: Does performance decrease over time?

Effects of noise on productivity: Does performance decrease ...

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AEI 2006

作者： Errett, Jessica Bowden, Erica E. Choiniere, Marc Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln PKI 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

Most people at one time or another have found themselves irritated or distracted by the background noise in a building. The irritation might have resulted in minor aggravation or may have been dramatic enough to hinder their work. This leads us to ask whether occupants are increasingly aggravated by noise the longer they are exposed to it, or if they naturally habituate to their acoustic environment. In an effort to answer this question, a study was completed in the "Indoor Environment Lab" at the University of Nebraska. This lab resembles a typical office and was specially constructed to be acoustically and thermally controlled. Subjects completed 38 total hours of testing in the lab over multiple days, during which time they were exposed to several background noise conditions over 20, 40, 80, and 240 minute trials. During the trials, subjects completed a variety of performance tasks and answered questions about their perception of the noise, the thermal environment and various other factors. End results aid in understanding the prolonged effects of typical heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) noise on worker productivity and annoyance. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： Acoustic variables control

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A review of diffuse reflections in architectural acoustics

A review of diffuse reflections in architectural acoustics

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AEI 2006

作者： Rathsam, Jonathan Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln Peter Kiewit Institute 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182-0681

ISBN: (纸本)0784407983

Diffuse reflections have received increasing attention in architectural acoustics over the past quarter century. The term diffuse refers to non-specular directions. This paper identifies three mechanisms that cause diffuse reflections. Practitioners have found that changing specular reflections into diffuse reflections can reduce noise and echoes both indoors and outdoors. Developers of acoustical modeling software have also found that modeling diffuse in additional to specular reflections produces more accurate predictions. The final portion of this paper presents results for a study of scattering coefficients in acoustical modeling software. Copyright ASCE 2006.

关键词： architectural acoustics

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Investigations of indoor noise criteria systems based on human perception and task performance

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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2006年第4期120卷 1754-1754页

作者： Bowden, Erica Eileen Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln NE 68182 United States

Several noise criteria methods commonly used in architectural acoustics have been quantitatively related to noise perception and task performance under a variety of ventilation systems-induced background noise conditions. Noise criteria, balanced noise criteria, room criteria, room criteria mark II, and A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level were examined. The first phase of the project included noise conditions controlled to be non-time-varying and nontonal, with neutral, rumbly, roaring, or hissy characteristics. An intermediate study examined exposure time length and types of performance tasks used. The final phase included noise conditions containing various levels of discrete tones from 120 to 595 Hz. Under each noise, subjects completed performance tasks and perception questionnaires. Results indicate task performance was significantly affected by perception of noise, but this relationship was not fully demonstrated by the criteria systems analyzed. The five criteria were generally well suited in describing subjective loudness perception, but some discrepancies in criteria spectral quality ratings and subjective perception existed. Finally, perception of annoyance changed based on the frequency and prominence of tones in noise, but these changes were not reflected in the criteria level or spectral quality ratings. Modifications to the existing criteria are recommended. © 2006, Acoustical Society of America. All rights reserved.

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Analysis of parameter effects on sound energy decay in coupled volume systems

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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2006年第4期120卷 1754-1754页

作者： Bradley, David Timothy Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln NE 68182 United States

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