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Towards Circular Economy in the Built Environment: Overcoming Obsolescence Via Building Adaptation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Eliote, Guilherme Monteiro Leite, Fernanda Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States John A. Focht Centennial Teaching Fellow in Civil Engineering Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Sustainable Systems Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States

Every year, buildings undergo services of adaptation to account for changes in users’ needs, deterioration, code updates, among others. This process, also called building obsolescence, is inevitable and most of these buildings lack a proactive adaptation plan. New buildings, however, can be designed to be more resilient when dealing with obsolescence by leveraging circular economy principles. The understanding of building obsolescence is crucial since they are the triggers of a process of adaptation. Studies have investigated different types of building obsolescence but have not focused on specific causes. Through qualitative analysis of interviews, we identified challenges faced by Architecture, engineering, and Construction professionals in the building adaptation process. Recommendations to tackle these challenges were given, including the selection of durable materials, overdesign of key elements, design for disassembly, and use of modular systems. The research findings can help planners avoid common issues that harm the building adaptation process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Obsolescence

Ecogenorisk: Developing a Computational Ecological Risk Assessment Tool for Synthetic Biology

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ulanova, Anna Mansfeldt, Cresten University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering 1111 Engineering Drive BoulderCO80309 United States University of Colorado Boulder Environmental Engineering Program 4001 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80309 United States

The expanding field of synthetic biology (synbio) supports new opportunities in the design of targeted bioproducts or modified microorganisms. However, this rapid development of synbio products raises concerns surrounding likely risks when the modified organism contaminates unintended environments. Additionally, new tools are required to screen for these risks during the design phase. EcoGenoRisk is a computational risk assessment tool designed to evaluate the potential environmental risks posed by synthetic organisms. The overall goal of this tool is evaluating the environmental risk associated with synbio organisms establishing a population where genetically similar organisms reside. The first module of the tool, NicheOverlap, aims to identify genetically similar microorganisms to the synthetic biology organism and evaluate the risks posed by analyzing potential competition, mutualism, and inhibition between the organisms. Here, we compiled and analyzed 520 Archaeal and 32,828 Bacterial complete assembly genomes to analyze the tools specificity and accuracy in analyzing input genomes, as well as to characterize the enzymatic capabilities of different taxonomic lineages. Additionally, ecological relationships were analyzed to determine which would result in the greatest ecological disruption. Competition was found to be the primary mode of ecological disruption, resulting in unequal sharing of resources. Furthermore, high genetic similarity between organisms indicated an increase of competition for resources. Although the tool was effective in assessing synthetic organism risk, limitations, and vulnerabilities, such as large variability in scoring for genetically mildly different genomes and reliance on databases with update latencies were identified. Overall, EcoGenoRisk is a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental risks associated with synthetic organisms, but further improvements and validation studies are necessary for real-world applications. © 2023, Th

关键词： Software design

Effects of the unit-cell size and arrangement on the compressive behaviors of lattice structures in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

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Results in Materials

Results in Materials 2024年 22卷

作者： Park, Kwang-Min Roh, Young-Sook Lee, Bong-Chun Construction Technology Research Centre Construction Division Korea Conformity Laboratories Seoul 08503 South Korea Architectural Engineering Program Department of Architectural Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul 01811 South Korea Smart Construction Materials Centre Construction Division Korea Conformity Laboratories Chungbuk 28116 South Korea

Lattice structures demonstrate a unique compressive behavior wherein the compressive strength increases and converges to a specific value as the number of unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions of the lattice structure increase. In this study, the effects of the unit-cell size and cell arrangement on the compressive behavior of lattice structures were investigated to determine the convergence of compression characteristics at specific unit-cell configurations. Simple cubic lattice structures were designed and manufactured using powder bed fusion techniques. The lattice structures were characterized using universal testing machines. Experimental results revealed that the convergence of compressive strength was influenced by the size of the unit cell: the number of arrangements at which a specific compressive strength was reached increased as the unit-cell sizes decreased. Furthermore, specific convergence points were determined for different unit-cell sizes, providing valuable insights into the compressive strength behavior of lattice structures. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions when designing standard specimens for compression testing. Additionally, the methodology developed in this study can be applied to obtain an optimal configuration for desired strength characteristics. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Additive manufacturing Compressive behavior Lattice structure Powder bed fusion Unit-cell arrangement Unit-cell size

6-Methoxyquinoline Immobilized Nylon Sensor for Monitoring Chloride Concentration in Reinforced Concrete

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jeong, Hoseong Jung, Byung Jun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Kang Su Department of Architectural Engineering and Smart City Interdisciplinary Major Program University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Architectural Engineering University of Seoul 163 Siripdae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02504 Korea Republic of

An excess in the threshold concentration of chloride in concrete leads to the initiation of reinforcement corrosion, which in turn results in a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete(RC) structures. Accordingly, the chloride concentration of RC is periodically investigated via a destructive method, but this process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. In order to overcome the limitations, this study sought to develop an optical chloride sensor that can be used in structural health monitoring. To this end, nylon was functionalized using formaldehyde and epichlorohydrine, after which 6-methoxy quinoline was covalently immobilized to manufacture a sensor. The developed sensor was found to be capable of measuring chloride concentrations (0~5,000mM) and exhibited rapid responsiveness and reversibility. In addition, the developed sensor also showed a stable response even when exposed to the pH 13.4 environment for three months, and it could detect changes in chloride concentration even inside the mortar. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforced concrete

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Chloride Diffusion, Strength, and Microstructure of Ultra-High Performance Lightweight Concrete

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Rafieizonooz, Mahdi Jay Kim, Jang-Ho Kim, Jin-Su Jo, Jae-Bin Khankhaje, Elnaz School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Gongneung-dong Nowon-gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of

The study delved into the integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in Ultra-High Performance Lightweight Concrete (UHPLC), exploring aspects such as mechanical properties, microstructure analysis, accelerated chloride penetration, and life service prediction. A dispersed CNT solution (0.025 to 0.075 wt%) was employed, along with a superplasticizer, to ensure high flowability in the UHPC slurry. Experimental findings unveiled that an increased concentration of CNT in CNT1 (0.025%) and CNT2 (0.05%) blends led to a marginal improvement in compressive strength compared to the control mix. Conversely, the CNT3 (0.075%) mixture exhibited a reduction in compressive strength with a rising CNT content as an admixture. SEM analysis depicted that the heightened concentration of CNTs as an admixture induced the formation of nanoscale bridges within the concrete matrix. Ponding test results indicated that, for all samples, the effective chloride transport coefficient remained below the standard limitation of 1.00 * E-12 m2/s, signifying acceptable performance in the ponding test for all samples. The life service prediction outcomes affirmed that, across various environmental scenarios, CNT1 and CNT2 mixtures consistently demonstrated superior performance compared to all other mixtures. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

Exploring the Potential of 3d Printing Technology for Sustainable Plastic Roads: A Preliminary Investigation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Al-Atroush, Mohamed Ezzat Almushcab, Jumana Alhudaif, Duha Meskinyar, Yosra Civil and Environmental Engineering Program College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Software Engineering College of Computer and Information Systems Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Architectural Engineering Department College of Architecture and Design Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia

The urgency of climate change has highlighted the need for sustainable road construction materials, replacing the conventional asphalt that significantly contributes to global warming and the urban heat island effect. With that in mind, the construction of the world's first 30-meter plastic road in Zwolle, Netherlands, in 2018 opened the door for novel plastic applications as paving materials. However, the current application is still limited to sidewalks and light-loaded cycling lanes. This preliminary study investigated the feasibility of using 3D printing technology to provide the required structural design flexibility for manufacturing plastic pavement modules able to sustain heavy traffic and extreme weather conditions. The suitability of six plastic materials for 3D printing was evaluated. Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) were identified as the most suitable materials for this study. Three small-scale structural systems, namely hollow modular with plastic columns, hollow modular with solid plastic cones, and hollow modular with X-bracing, were designed and successfully printed using the adopted materials and a 3D printer. The developed systems were then tested under compression to evaluate their structural performance under heavy traffic loads and prove the concept. The results showed that the PLA conic structural system was effective and exhibited the highest compression strength, while PETG conic system exhibited ductile behavior with superior thermal stability. The study suggested that the hybrid system of PLA and PETG materials may improve overall performance, combine flexibility and strength, and potentially improve resistance to extreme weather and heavy traffic. These findings proved that 3D printing technology has the potential to revolutionize the road construction industry and provide more sustainable solutions for infrastructure development. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plastic bottles

Prediction and Identification of Vulnerable Areas Due to Heavy Snowfall Using Machine Learning and K-Means Clustering with Rcp Scenarios

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Song, Moon-Soo Yun, Hong-Sik Lee, Jae-Joon Yum, Sang-Guk Interdisciplinary Program in Crisis Disaster and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Civil Architectural Engineering & Landscape Architecture Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering Gangneung-Wonju National University Gangneung25457 Korea Republic of

Heavy snowfall is a natural disaster that causes extensive damage in South Korea. Therefore, predicting heavy snowfall occurrence, identifying vulnerable areas, and establishing response plans to reduce risk are crucial. In this study, to predict heavy snowfall, meteorological, and geographic data from the past 30 years were collected, and four machine learning algorithms were trained and compared: multiple linear regression, support vector regression, random forest regressor (RFR), and extreme gradient boosting. We observed that the RFR model (R2 = 0.64) accurately predicted the occurrence of snowfall compared to other models. Representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario data was input into the RFR model to generate prediction data up to 2100. Prediction results of more than 48.2 cm based on heavy snowfall events in the past 20 years were observed 17 times in RCP2.6, 19 times in RCP4.5, 16 times in RCP6.0, and 17 times in RCP8.5. Annual GIS-based snowfall images for the RCP8.5 scenario were classified using K-means clustering, grouped by vulnerable areas (Gangwon-do, Jeollabuk-do, northern Gyeonggi-do), and divided into five groups. Our study can aid decision-making on policies related to heavy snowfall disaster prevention standards, snow removal plans, budgeting, and the establishment of mid- to long-term climate change adaptation plans for government and public institutions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

Towards Circular Economy in the Built Environment: Overcoming Obsolescence Via Building Adaptation

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Eliote, Guilherme Monteiro Leite, Fernanda Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Sustainable Systems Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States

关键词： Obsolescence

Quantifying sound transmission of building structures for optimization in early-stage design 50

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Quantifying sound transmission of building structures for op...

50th International Congress and Exposition of Noise Control engineering, INTER-NOISE 2021

作者： Broyles, Jonathan M. Shepherd, Micah R. Brown, Nathan C. Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State University 104 Engineering Unit A University ParkPA United States Applied Research Laboratory Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State University 201 Applied Science Building University ParkPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781732598652

Technological advancements in computational building modeling have enabled designers to conduct simulations at the component level. With the evolution of parametric modeling, designers can evaluate multiple design options and identify the best performing solutions before expending resources on physical testing and eventual construction. However, to conduct design space exploration or optimization, an objective function is necessary to evaluate performance. While defined objectives exist for design goals such as sustainability, energy usage, structural performance, and daylighting, there does not yet exist an encompassing objective that can accurately quantify the sound transmission of structures in building design. This paper proposes four transmission rating strategies that can describe air-borne and impact performance of floors, walls, or other acoustic barriers. The approaches consider air-borne and structure-borne sound for four floor constructions, revealing strengths and weaknesses across the methods. Implementation of the approaches in an optimization framework is discussed, along with practical methods for optimizing the objectives in early-stage design. © INTER-NOISE 2021 .All right reserved.

关键词： Floors