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SSRN 2023年

作者： Maierdan, Yierfan Armistead, Samuel J. Mikofsky, Rebecca A. Huang, Qiqi Ben-Alon, Lola Srubar, Wil V. Kawashima, Shiho Columbia University Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics New YorkNY10027 United States Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation New YorkNY10027 United States University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering United States University of Colorado Boulder Materials Science and Engineering Program United States

Driven by the need for sustainable construction solutions, there is renewed interest in earth-based materials. Biopolymer stabilizers can enhance the rheological and structural properties of these materials to facilitate their use in 3D printing. This research examined the influence of sodium alginate on the stability, particle interaction, rheology, and 3D printability of kaolinite, a commonly found clay mineral in soils deemed suitable for construction. Findings revealed that sodium alginate could boost electrostatic interactions to enhance the stability of kaolinite suspensions. This rise in repulsive potential energy also reduced storage modulus and yield stress by orders of magnitude. However, as the alginate content increased beyond its cross-linking concentration (0.12% - 0.6%), a reverse trend was observed, which was attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network. Furthermore, alginate addition shifted the "printability window" of kaolinite suspensions to mixtures with higher solid contents, which has positive implications on strength and shrinkage. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomolecules

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BATHYMETRY ESTIMATION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND TUNING DENSITY CONTRAST IN THE YAMATO BASIN OF THE EAST SEA (SEA OF JAPAN) 44

BATHYMETRY ESTIMATION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND TUNING DENS...

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44th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, ACRS 2023

作者： Kim, Kwang Bae Kim, Ji Sung Yun, Hong Sik Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental System Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Geography Faculty of Environment University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom Interdisciplinary Program in Crisis Disaster and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781713893646

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of bathymetry predicted by the gravity-geologic method (GGM) using depth and gravity anomalies estimated using the optimized machine learning model determined from machine learning techniques around the Yamato basin in the East Sea. In this study, the optimized model using machine learning techniques was applied to estimate bathymetry using gravity-geologic method (GGM) from a tuning density contrast between seawater and the seafloor bedrock determined by downward continuation method using satellite altimetry-derived gravity anomalies. Bathymetry estimated using machine learning technique was assessed the accuracy in comparison with shipborne depth measurement obtained by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI, https://***), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, http://***). As a result, the GGM bathymetry predicted by the optimized machine learning model using a tuning density contrast of 13.63 g/cm3 in comparison with that using a density contrast of 1.67 g/cm3 shows the improvement of 67.40% in the RMSE at shipborne locations of the NECI. © 2023 ACRS. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： machine learning satellite altimetry-derived gravity anomalies tuning density contrast Yamato basin

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Understanding the Effects of Hematite and Brucite Additions on Fresh- and Hardened-State Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Cements

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Jie Matar, Mohammad G. Tonin, Naiara Rodrigues Pu, Christine White, Claire E. Srubar, Wil V. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 1111 Engineering Drive ECOT 441 UCB 428 BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 4001 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80303 United States College of Civil Engineering

The effects of hematite and brucite additions on fresh- and hardened-state properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer were investigated. Metakaolin-based geopolymer was produced with three Si/Al molar ratios and supplemented with hematite or brucite using three Fe/Al and Mg/Al molar ratios. Rheology, setting time, permeable porosity, compressive strength, and resistance to sulfuric acid of metakaolin-based geopolymer were measured. Experimental results show that, at Si/Al = 1.75 and 2.0, the hematite addition reduced the setting time whereas the brucite addition prolonged setting times, indicating an accelerated and delayed alkali-activation process of metakaolin-based geopolymers, respectively. At Si/Al = 1.5, both additions accelerated the setting time but increased the permeable porosity. Both additions reduced the bulk mechanical properties but improved sulfuric acid resistance. Pastes with brucite exhibited better sulfuric acid resistance than the counterpart with hematite. The paste immediately surrounding the agglomerates of hematite and brucite particles exhibited lower and higher micromechanical properties, respectively. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hematite

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Embodied energy and carbon emissions of DOE prototype buildings from a life cycle perspective

Embodied energy and carbon emissions of DOE prototype buildi...

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2020 ASHRAE Virtual Conference

作者： Arehart, Jay H. Srubar, Wil V. Pomponi, Francesco D’Amico, Bernardino The Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States The Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States The School of Engineering and Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781947192621

While the reduction of operational energy and associated emissions has been the focus of the building design community in recent decades, focus must now be given to reducing the upfront or embodied energy and emissions of buildings. Embodied energy and emissions are those associated with the extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and end-of-life of building materials and assemblies. The present study evaluates, using life cycle assessment, the "cradle-to-gate" embodied energy and embodied carbon of the Office and Apartment ASHRAE 90.1-2016 DOE Prototype Buildings. Results from this analysis show that on average, the office prototype buildings consumed 938 MJ/m2 (82.6 kBtu/ft2) of embodied energy and emitted 77.0 kg CO2e/m2(15.7 lb CO2e/ft2) of embodied carbon. The apartment prototype buildings consumed 1168 MJ/m2 (103 kBtu/ft2) of embodied energy and emitted 102 kg CO2e/m2 (20.9 lb CO2e/ft2) of embodied carbon on average. This study serves as a first step towards establishing reference building models for embodied carbon so that the building design community can realize a zero-carbon built environment by 2050. © 2020 Amer. Soc. Heating, Ref. Air-Conditoning Eng. Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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The dynamics of the factory function as a production room at the house of clothing artisans in Pekalongan

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期969卷

作者： A A Wibowo B Setyohadi D Wicaksono Architectural Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang

Technological innovation provides many business opportunities (technopreneurs) that involve various fields of study. Architecture is not an exception; technological advances can create a 'hi-tech' masterpiece. There are two fields of study related to the application of architectural technology. First, the use of technology to improve the quality of architectural products, so that the design results are considered to be able to keep up with the times, such as materials and technological elements. Second, a form of architectural preservation that can be used as a guide in following technological developments, such as spatial planning. During the Diponegoro War some of his followers were forced to leave Mataram, then those who stopped in Pekalongan began to introduce batik in three areas: Wonopinggo, Pekajangan, and Buaran in 1825-1830. Gradually, batik production increased, until it is expanded into weaving craft. Both types of clothing production can't be separated from technological advances, handmade batik is replaced with stamped batik, and the weaving of ATBM production changes to using ATMs. The historical journey that transformed Pekalongan as a well-known clothing city in Indonesia is interesting to study, especially in the architectural field, namely spatial planning formed from local culture. This study discusses the spatial preservation of clothing production houses in three areas in Pekalongan, namely: Pekajangan, Kauman, and Pesindon. The objective of the study was to identify the form of spatial preservation used during the development of clothing-making technology. Descriptive-exploratory research method is used to explore elements of local wisdom used as guidelines for spatial planning. The results of the study elaborate that the layout of the clothing production house in Pekajangan, Kauman, and Pesindon consists of: living room, family room, drying room, and factory. However, there are differences in the location of the drying room. This difference is

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The spatial phenomenon of Kin's settlements in the UNNES campus area: study of activities and the meaning of spaces

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期969卷

作者： T Prihanto A Rahadini Diharto A A Wibowo Study Program of Architectural Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang

The development of campuses on the outskirts of the city is forming new satellite cities, including the Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) expanding its new campus in Sekaran Village, Gunungpati sub-district. The existence of this campus has a major impact on regional development, and affects land use. The characteristics of the countryside with local wisdom still seem to color the socio-cultural life of the people of Sekaran, and also affect the space and environment of the settlements where they live. This phenomenon indicates that there is a strong kinship among the sedentary groups. This study aims to: (1) explore the spatial phenomenon of kin's settlements; (2) revealing the activities and meaning of spaces. In order to achieve the objectives, this research uses a phenomenological approach. The results of the study illustrate that the setting of kins settlements is formed by internal aspects, namely: the location of inheritance land, orientation between dwellings, access between dwellings, kin's activities and the influence of the UNNES Campus which encourages the formation of new functions in kin's settlements that have economic value. The existence of space and activities together strengthens the meaning of shared space in kin's settlements.

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Budget-constrained rail network electrification problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Patil, Priyadarshan N. Walthall, Rydell Boyles, Stephen D. Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering The University of Texas Austin United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas Austin United States

We consider a budget constrained rail network electrification problem with associated changes in costs of energy usage (via path gradient and curvature), operations, and long-term maintenance. In particular, we consider that freight flows on such a network form a user equilibrium. Interactions between electric and diesel trains on the same corridor are represented with nonseparable link performance functions, which nevertheless have a symmetric Jacobian. This bi-level formulation is solved for the North American railroad network using a genetic algorithm (GA), incorporating domain-specific insights to reduce the number of solutions which must be considered. We analyze solution characteristics and decision-making implications. Results show that broad connectivity would be beneficial for most impact. Increasing demand shifts electrified corridors towards the more populous east and gulf coasts, while increased operational costs results in electrification of routes through mountainous terrains. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electric utilities

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Post occupancy evaluation for green building certificated (case study UGM law centre building)

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期969卷

作者： D N A Nugradi Architectural Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang

Green building has recently become the main approach in the construction of a building, including in Indonesia. A building that has been certified as a green building does not mean that it has all the components that meet the requirements of comfort, health and safety, especially if the main goal for certification is to pursue energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of user satisfaction of the UGM Law Learning Center building after the building is certified as a green building. This type of research is a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in the form of survey research with a quantitative descriptive approach. The steps to be taken are: identification of building performance based on the EDGE instrument, identification of building data, interviews, observations, data search through questionnaires, quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that, in general, the spaces in the building have met the activity needs and user comfort, but there are several aspects that need to be improved, namely: visual comfort, cleanliness, and spatial efficiency.

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Diatom biosilica as a supplementary cementitious material

npj Materials Sustainability

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npj Materials Sustainability 2024年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Sarah L. Williams Danielle N. Beatty Wil V. Srubar III Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a key method used to reduce the embodied carbon of cement-based materials. Uncertainty in traditional SCM markets has led to increased interest in alternative, natural SCM materials. In this work, biosilica derived from freshly cultured diatom frustules (grown byThalassiosira pseudonanaandPhaeodactylum tricornutum) was assessed as an alternative SCM for the first time. The chemical reactivity of each biosilica source was assessed using a small-scale version of ASTM C1897 (the R3 test) previously developed by the authors. The chemical reactivity ofT. pseudonanafrustules was relatively high (i.e., greater than that of blast furnace slag, but lower than that of metakaolin).P. tricornutumfrustules exhibited a lower chemical reactivity, similar to a Class F fly ash. Results demonstrate the potential to grow highly reactive biominerals using diatoms and highlight the potential tunability of diatom biosilica for use as a novel, sustainable SCM.

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Laboratory Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal from Stormwater Runoff by Pervious Concrete Pavement Containing Seashell and Oil Palm Kernel Shell

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Khankhaje, Elnaz Kim, Taehoon Jang, Hyounseung Rafieizonooz, Mahdi Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Gongneung-dong Nowon-gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

One of the major issues related with impermeable surfaces such as impervious concrete pavement in urban area is the collecting of rain as stormwater runoff, which then moves harmful natural and man-made pollutant into the natural water bodies such as lakes, streams, rivers, etc. This study investigated the effect of pervious concrete containing palm oil kernel shell and seashell on removing dissolved heavy metals contaminants from stormwater runoff. Therefore, mixtures were made, which replaced 6.3-9.5 mm limestone with 25 and 50% of 6.3-9.5 mm and 4.75-6.3 mm of both shells. The specimens were cured in a fog room and void content were tested. Specimens with same void content (23%) are selected to reduce experimental variability from differing void content. Pervious concrete cylinders were loaded in the laboratory with collected stormwater runoff, and concentrations, volumes of influent and effluent evaluated. Ten consecutive storm events of 200 mL in 20 min of rain are simulated to test heavy metal removal performance. The range of heavy metal removal for pervious concrete mixture containing seashell was 37 and 93% which was higher than that of control mixture (39-73%). However, the rate of heavy metal removal for specimens incorporating kernel shell was between 14 and 63% which was lower than that of control mixture. The results showed that the waste materials can be considered as one of the sustainable runoff purification methods, respecting their effective heavy metal removal rate in runoff, as well as the reasonably low cost and consumption when used on the pervious concrete pavement. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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