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23rd International Offshore and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2013

作者： McCool, G.E. Wheat, H.G. Breen, J.E. Wood, S.L. Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department United States Degenkolb Engineers Los Angeles CA United States Mechanical Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653999

Post-tensioned concrete structures have been gaining in popularity over the past few decades. When properly designed, such structures allow for longer span lengths, reduced cracking, and less reinforcement than reinforced concrete structures. Their use of higher strength steel and the exposure to higher stresses, however, can result in increased vulnerability to corrosion damage. Moreover, recent high-profile failures of these types of structures have been linked to materials issues and construction procedures. As a result of the heightened interest in post-tensioned concrete structures, two research projects (Test program 1 and Test program 2) were carried out on a number of post-tensioning systems involving several different prestressing strand types. The objective of the second project (Test program 2) was to evaluate the corrosion performance of a number of post-tensioning materials and systems in an effort to increase the durability of post-tensioned concrete structures. The results of forensic analysis after long-term exposure in the second research project will be described in this paper. Copyright © 2013 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Concrete construction

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Synergies between Sustainable Design and Constructability at the Pentagon

Synergies between Sustainable Design and Constructability at...

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Construction Research Congress, Winds of Change: Integration and Innovation in Construction, Proceedings of the Congress

作者： Pulaski, Michael Pohlman, Teresa Horman, Michael Riley, David Dept. of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State University 104 Engineering Unit A University Park PA 16801 Pentagon Renovation Program 100 Boundary Channel Rd. Arlington VA 22202

ISBN: (纸本)0784406715

Sustainable design and constructability are two keys for efficient design and construction that are often addressed separately from each other in projects. This paper examines the integration of these two initiatives on the Pentagon renovation. The examination exposes a synergistic relationship between sustainable design and constructability. This relationship strives to efficiently utilize resources and reduce waste in the project. The integrated organizational structure and design-build performance based contracting strategies at the Pentagon have assisted in the implementation of sustainable design and constructability. Connections between the two initiatives were found at the conceptual level, system level, materials level and in the design implementation process. Importantly, the analysis of the Pentagon reveals that the potential to improve the sustainability and the constructability of a project is enhanced when the two initiatives are integrated and approached in a combined fashion.

关键词： Construction industry

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Evaluations of indoor Noise Criteria systems based on human response

Evaluations of indoor Noise Criteria systems based on human ...

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19th National Conference on Noise Control engineering 2005, Noise-Con 2005

作者： Bowden, Erica E. Wang, Lily M. Architectural Engineering Program University of Nebraska - Lincoln PKI 1110 S. 67th St. Omaha NE 68182-0681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781622762712

The goal of this research is to examine human response to background noise, and relate results to indoor noise criteria. In an initial study by the authors, subjects completed perception surveys, typing tasks, and proofreading tasks under typical heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) noise conditions. Results were correlated with commonly used indoor noise criteria systems including Noise Criteria (NC), Room Criteria (RC) and others. The findings suggested that the types of tasks used and the length of exposure can impact the results. To examine these two issues, the authors conducted a second study in which each test subject completed 38 total hours of testing over multiple days. Subjects were exposed to several background noise exposures over 20, 40, 80, and 240 minute trials. During the trials, subjects completed a variety of performance tasks and answered questions about their perception of the noise, the thermal environment, and various other factors. Findings from this study are being used to determine optimum testing conditions for on-going research examining the effects of tonal or fluctuating background noise on performance, annoyance, and spectral perception. Results are being used to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used indoor noise criteria systems.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Experimental study of active flows and passive materials for indoor air quality control

Experimental study of active flows and passive materials for...

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Healthy Buildings 2015 America Conference: Innovation in a Time of Energy Uncertainty and Climate Adaptation, HB 2015

作者： Mauney, Denise Suwongso, Christella Abarr, Miles Srubar, Wil W. Montoya, Lupita D. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO United States

This experimental study investigated the use of active flows and passive materials for the removal of gaseous pollutants indoors. In this study, a commercial electromagnetic synthetic jet actuator (SJA) was characterized to determine its flow patterns and sphere of influence within a room. This SJA was then used in chamber experiments to study the enhanced removal of nitrogen dioxide by a mortar substrate coated with titanium dioxide. Results showed that the SJA uses a small power input to impact the airflow over 1 meter downstream from the jet exit and has significant dynamic pressure per unit energy, which may be useful for flow and air quality control. The removal of nitrogen dioxide by the passive material used was found to be driven by both the surface velocity and the quality of the flow regime generated by the SJA. © 2015 International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Comparison between predicted duct effectiveness from proposed ASHRAE standard 152P and measured field data for residential forced air cooling systems

Comparison between predicted duct effectiveness from propose...

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Technical and Symposium Papers Presented At the 2003 Winter Meeting of The ASHRAE

作者： Siegel, Jeffrey A. McWilliams, Jennifer A. Walker, Iain S. Architectural Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas Austin TX United States Energy Performance of Bldg. Group Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Berkeley CA United States

The proposed ASHRAE Standard 152P, "Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems" (ASHRAE 2002), has recently completed its second public review. As part of the standard development process, this study compares the forced air distribution system ratings to measured field results. Fifty-eight field tests were performed on cooling systems in eleven homes in the summers of 1998 and 1999. Seven of these houses had standard attics with insulation on the attic floor and a well-vented attic space. The other four houses had unvented attics where the insulation is placed directly under the roof deck, and the attic space is not deliberately vented. Each house was tested under a range of summer weather conditions at each particular site and, in some cases, the amount of duct leakage was intentionally varied. The comparison between predicted efficiencies and the measured results includes evaluation of the effects of weather;duct location, thermal conditions, duct leakage, and system capacity. The results showed that the difference between measured results and those calculated using proposed Standard 152P is about 5 percentage points on average if weather data, duct leakage, and air handler flow are well known. However, the accuracy of the standard is strongly dependent on having good measurements of duct leakage and system airflow. Given that the uncertainty in the measured results is typically also about 5 percentage points, the Standard 152P results are acceptably close to the measured data.

关键词： Air conditioning ducts

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Predicting particle deposition on HVAC heat exchangers

Predicting particle deposition on HVAC heat exchangers

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作者： Siegel, Jeffrey A. Nazaroff, William W. Architectural Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas Austin TX 78712-1076 United States Dept. of Civ./Environ. Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1710 United States

Particles in indoor environments may deposit on the surfaces of heat exchangers that are used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Such deposits can lead to performance degradation and indoor air quality problems. We present a model of fin-and-tube heat-exchanger fouling that deterministically simulates particle impaction, gravitational settling, and Brownian diffusion and uses a Monte Carlo simulation to account for impaction due to air turbulence. The model predicts that -1. The amount that the model underpredicts the measured data increases at higher velocities and especially for larger particles, although the model shows good qualitative agreement with the measured deposition fractions. Discontinuities in the heat-exchanger fins are hypothesized to be responsible for the increase in measured deposition. The model and experiments reported here are for isothermal conditions and do not address the potentially important effects of heat transfer and water phase change on deposition. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Indoor air pollution

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Analyzing the Impact of Indoor Environmental Quality on Physiological Response and Work Performance: Implications for IEQ Control Strategies

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Oh, Donggeun Kim, Jimin Kim, Handon Jang, Hyounseung Hong, Taehoon An, Jongbaek Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

This study aims to analyze the effects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors with simultaneous changes in illuminance and noise levels on building occupants’ physiological response and work performance. To this end, four scenarios with changes in illuminance and noise levels were set up, and brain wave indices and work performance measured through a Stroop test were conducted during the scenarios. First, the findings revealed that noise and the interaction between illuminance and noise affect the building occupants’ physiological response. Second, the illuminance was 150 lux, and the noise level was 40 dB, there was a correlation between the relative theta (0.685;p © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Service-based first-year engineering projects: Do they make a difference?

Service-based first-year engineering projects: Do they make ...

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119th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Zarske, Malinda S. Reamon, Derek T. Bielefeldt, Angela R. Knight, Daniel W. K-12 Engineering Education University of Colorado Boulder College of Engineering and Applied Science Boulder United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering United States University of Colorado Boulder ITL Program BOLD Center United States

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Information extraction for freight-related natural language queries

Information extraction for freight-related natural language ...

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2015 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil engineering, IWCCE 2015

作者： Seedah, Dan P. K. Leite, Fernanda Center for Transportation Research University of Texas at Austin Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering AustinTX78701 United States Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Texas at Austin 301 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784479247

ISBN: (纸本)9780784479247

The ability to retrieve accurate information from databases without an extensive knowledge of the contents and organization of each database is extremely beneficial to the dissemination and utilization of freight data. Advances in the artificial intelligence and information sciences provide an opportunity to develop query capturing algorithms to retrieve relevant keywords from freight-related natural language queries. The challenge is correctly identifying and classifying these keywords. On their own, current natural language processing algorithms are insufficient in performing this task for freight-related queries. High performance machine learning algorithms also require an annotated corpus of named entities which currently does not exist in the freight domain. This paper proposes a hybrid named entity recognition approach which draws on the individual strengths of models to correctly identify entities. The hybrid approach resulted in a greater precision for named entity recognition of freight entities - a key requirement for accurate information retrieval from freight data sources. © 2015 ASCE.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Bayesian inference approach to room-acoustic modal analysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1553卷 38-45页

作者： Wesley Henderson Paul Goggans Ning Xiang Jonathan Botts Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Mississippi USA

Spectrum estimation is a problem common to many fields of physics, science, and engineering, and it has thus received a great deal of attention from the Bayesian data analysis community. In room acoustics, the modal or frequency response of a room is important for diagnosing and remedying acoustical defects. The physics of a sound field in a room dictates a model comprised of exponentially decaying sinusoids. Continuing in the tradition of the seminal work of Bretthorst and Jaynes, this work contributes an approach to analyzing the modal responses of rooms with a time-domain model. Room acoustic spectra are constructed of damped sinusoids, and the modelbased approach allows estimation of the number of sinusoids in the signal as well as their frequencies, amplitudes, damping constants, and phase delays. The frequency-amplitude spectrum may be most useful for characterizing a room, but in some settings the damping constants are of primary interest. This is the case for measuring the absorptive properties of materials, for example. A further challenge of the room acoustic spectrum problem is that modal density increases quadratically with frequency. At a point called the Schroeder frequency, adjacent modes overlap enough that the spectrum - particularly when estimated with the discrete Fourier transform - can be treated as a continuum. The time-domain, model-based approach can resolve overlapping modes and in some cases be used to estimate the Schroeder frequency. The proposed approach addresses the issue of filtering and preprocessing in order for the sampling to accurately identify all present room modes with their quadratically increasing density.

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