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Meteorological data implications modeling on evapotranspiration variability in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia using hybrid metaheuristic

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Noureddine, Oulad Naoui Mohamed, Sekkoum El Amine, Cherif Alzaed, Ali Gedfew, Meseret Abeje Ghoneim, Sherif S. M. Hussein, Enas E. Materials Energy Systems Technology and Environment Laboratory Department of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering University Ghardaia Bounoura Algeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Amar Telidji University P. O. Box 37.G Laghouat 03000 Algeria Water Management and Treatment Laboratory University of Science and Technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf B.P. 1505 El M’Naouer Oran Algeria Architectural Engineering Program - Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Technology Debre Markos University P. O. Box 269 Debre Markos Ethiopia Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Water Management Research Institute National Water Research Center Shubra El-Kheima 13411 Egypt

This work is unique and contributes new knowledge to the field whereas it involves introducing a new method based on coupling two or three stochastic models, analyzing new data represented by drought and flooding risk relationship, and addressing a previously unexplored research question: Can we make a decision regarding future evapotranspiration-flooding risk relationship? In this paper, the Bat algorithm (BAT) with the Newton Method (NM), Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSO) are used as a hybrid model in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia as well as for modeling rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation implications on evapotranspiration variability. Coupling between aridity and evapotranspiration over a long time can create flooding risks. This holistic modeling aims to reduce flooding risks and ensure the desired decision. Several models were employed to simulate some basins’ Potential and Actual evapotranspiration as case studies. The meteorological inputs of the hybrid models were calibrated and validated with metric evaluation for input and output of evapotranspiration, respectively. The results suggest that the application of a hybrid model can improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulations in terms of statistical parameters, whereas BAT–GA–NM reduced MAPE from 38.88 to 4.16% for Mekkah and from 14.94 to 2.04% for Medina and NSCE from − 0.17 to 0.97 for Mekkah and from 0.82 to 0.99%. Those parameters will provide a better understanding of evapotranspiration processes in watersheds and valuable information for early warnings of flooding risks. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Hybrid metaheuristic Modeling Rainfall Solar radiation data Temperature

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Preparation of Nanocellulose-Alginate Nanocomposites for Chlorhexidine Digluconate Drug Carrier 1

Preparation of Nanocellulose-Alginate Nanocomposites for Chl...

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1st International Conference on Design and Application of engineering Materials 2018, IC-DAEM 2018 in conjunction with 11th Seminar Nasional Metalurgi dan Material, SENAMM 2018

作者： Evelyna, Angela Astifanni, Tiara Khumaira Ruth, Imelda Asri, Lia Purwasasmita, Bambang Sunendar Faculty of Dentistry Maranatha Christian University Indonesia Materials Science and Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia Advanced Materials Processing Group Engineering Physics Study Program Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia

Root canal treatment failures generally caused by microorganisms that have ability to invade dentinal tubules. Chlorhexidine is widely known to effectively eradicate broad spectrum bacteria that infected dentinal tubules. The delivery of chlorhexidine to the infected site of root canal still becomes an issue. In order to increase the stability and to regulate the release of chlorhexidine, encapsulation of chlorhexidine digluconate was conducted by employing nanocellulose and alginate nanocomposites. Nanocellulose was prepared from palm kernel cake using acid hydrolysis method. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the formation of whisker and fiber nanocellulose with the average diameter of 20 nm. Resulting nanocellulose was combined with alginate in the presence of Ca2+ crosslinker. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed sphere and oval morphologies of microcapsules with diameter of 500 nm. The microcapsules were further loaded with chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (w/v). In vitro drug release properties were evaluated in PBS at pH 7.4 (normal tooth environment) and at pH 5.5 (infected tooth environment). The UV-VIS results showed that chlorhexidine digluconate has higher release rate at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4, suggesting that the microcapsule is a good candidate for the delivery of chlorhexidine digluconate to the infected root canal tooth environment. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Alginate

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The effect of lard concentration and ozonation on changes in polarization angle of olive oil

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1943卷

作者： F A Saputra M Azam F Arianto K F Sofjan H Sugito I Alkian Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia 50275 Study Program of Automation Engineering Technology Vocational School Diponegoro University

This research aims to analyze the effect of ozone exposure time and lard mixture on the polarization angle of transmission of olive oil. The study uses a transmission polarization method with a laser (λ = 532 nm) as a light source. The research sample in the form of olive oil mixed with lard at a concentration of 10, 20, 40, and 80%, with an ozone exposure time of 0-30 minutes. The sample is subjected to external electric fields with variations from 0-4.5 x 102 kV/m to increase the change's polarization angle. The results showed that the change in polarization angle would change linearly with the increase in lard concentration with olive oil. Olive oil with a low concentration of lard (10%) experienced an increase in the change in polarization angle with a value of 0.31 ° due to the effect of 90 minutes of ozone exposure. In general, the results of the study showed that increased concentrations of lard, ozone exposure time, electric field strengths caused an increase in changes in the polarization angle in a mixture of olive oil and lard.

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Economic Feasibility of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine in Coastal Area of South Sulawesi

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第1期921卷

作者： F Mahmuddin N Puspitasari M U Pawara Marine Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Hasanuddin University Indonesia Naval Architecture Program Department of Science Food Technology and Maritime Kalimantan Institute of Technology Balikpapan Indonesia

To evaluate the exploitation potential of wind energy in the coastal area of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, an investigation on the economic feasibility of this project was performed. A 300-watt horizontal wind turbine was used as an example installed turbine. The wind speed range of 4-7 m/s which was the wind speed data in the coastal area of South Sulawesi was computed. The main economic analysis method employed was Capital Budgeting Analysis (CBA) method. In this method, 4 (four) indicators were used to evaluate the feasibility of the project which are payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). A visual basic computer program based on the CBA method was also developed to make the computation more convenient. From the study, it was found that the wind speed range of 4-6 m/s resulted in a non-feasibility project while the highest wind speed (7 m/s) was found to be quite strong to make the project feasible.

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Wisdom of Crowds for Supporting the Safety Evaluation of Nanomaterials

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Saarimäki, Laura Aliisa Fratello, Michele del Giudice, Giusy Di Lieto, Emanuele Afantitis, Antreas Alenius, Harri Chiavazzo, Eliodoro Gulumian, Mary Karisola, Piia Lynch, Iseult Mancardi, Giulia Melagraki, Georgia Netti, Paolo A. Papadiamantis, Anastasios G. Peijnenburg, Willie Santos, Hélder A. Serchi, Tommaso Shahbazi, Mohammad-Ali Stoeger, Tobias Valsami-Jones, Eugenia Vivo, Paola Vrček, Ivana Vinković Vogel, Ulla Wick, Peter Winkler, David A. Serra, Angela Greco, Dario Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere33520 Finland Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki00790 Finland NovaMechanics Ltd Nicosia Cyprus Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm171 77 Sweden Research Program Medical Faculty University of Helsinki Helsinki00290 Finland Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino10129 Italy National Institute for Occupational Health National Health Laboratory Services Johannesburg South Africa School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Division of Physical Sciences and Applications Hellenic Military Academy Vari Greece Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB University of Napoli Federico II P.le Tecchio 80 Napoli80125 Italy Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Center for Safety of Products and Substances Bilthoven Netherlands University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 5 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux Eschsur-Alzette4362 Luxembourg Munich Germany Solar Cells Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Tampere University P.O. Box 541 TampereFI-33014 Finland Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Zagreb Croatia National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen ODK-2100 Denmark Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen9014 Switzerland La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora3086 Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville3052 Australia School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2QL United Kingdom Tampere Institute for Advanced Study

The development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to replace current in vivo testing for the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is hindered by the scarcity of validated experimental data for a broad range of ENMs. We introduce a framework to address this challenge by harnessing the collective expertise of professionals from multiple complementary and related fields (‘wisdom of crowds’ or WoC). By integrating expert insights, we aim to fill data gaps and generate consensus concern scores for diverse ENMs, thereby enhancing the predictive power of nanosafety computational models. Our investigation reveals an alignment between expert opinion and experimental data, providing robust estimations of concern levels. Building upon these findings, we employ predictive machine learning models trained on the newly defined concern scores, ENM descriptors, and gene expression profiles, to quantify potential harm across various toxicity endpoints. These models further revealed key genes potentially involved in underlying toxicity mechanisms. Notably, genes associated with metal ion homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress emerge as predictors of ENM toxicity across diverse endpoints. This study showcases the value of integrating expert knowledge and computational modeling to address the complexity of nanomaterial safety. Our work suggests that this interdisciplinary approach enhances the accuracy and efficiency of safety assessment in the rapidly evolving landscape of nanotechnology. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoclay

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Optimization of short message media in the Arduino and Bluetooth-based blank spot areas

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2021年第4期1098卷

作者： I Sulistiyowati F A Hanif M Nasar M P T Sulistyanto M Ahsan Faculty of Science and Technology University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Sidoarjo Indonesia Electrical Engineering University of Muhammadiyah Malang Malang Indonesia Informatics Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang Malang Indonesia

Communication is important in human life because communication can bridge all forms of ideas to be conveyed by someone. And the communication media commonly used today are via mobile phones, which can be via SMS messages, WhatsApp, or telephone. The problem is, in some areas the absence of signals or blank spots is a problem for those who rely on communication via mobile phones. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the short message media in the Arduino and Bluetooth-based blank spot areas. Here the main goal is to make it easier for humans to communicate via mobile phones even in difficult conditions and without a data packet or WIFI signal. The tools used are android, the Lo-Ra module as a long-distance wireless transmission technology platform that can reach distances of 10km, and then also use the Arduino Pro Mini as a microcontroller board and Bluetooth terminal that functions to transmit data from android to Arduino and then forward it to Lo Ra. From the test results, it was found that this tool works well in the blank spot area or difficult to signal, without the need for data packages or WIFI we can still communicate well through the short message media on the cell phone. From the test results, it was found that this tool works well in the blank spot area or difficult to signal, without the need for data packages or WIFI we can still communicate well through the short message media on the cell phone. So, with the invention of this tool, we can still communicate through the medium of short messages even though we are in the blank spot area, and even when we do not have a data package or WIFI.

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Blue carbon dynamics in mangroves and conservation of their services in the Coral Triangle Ecoregion, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1899卷

作者： Kangkuso Analuddin La Ode Kadidae La Ode Muhammad Yasir Andi Septiana La Syahrir Saban Rahim David Pratama LD Abdul Fajar Kazuo Nadaoka Biotechnology Study Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Chemistry Study Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Marine Science Study Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Fisheries Science Postgraduate Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Geography Study Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Chemistry Science Postgraduate Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia Marine & Fisheries Faculty Sebelas November University Kolaka Indonesia Dept. of Trans-disciplinary Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

Coral triangle eco-region is hotspot of coastal blue carbon, and contributes to the global carbon cycling. This study aimed to elucidate the blue carbon dynamics in mangroves and their importance services as source of blue carbon in the coastal zone of coral triangle ecoregion. The blue carbon content in mangrove sediment was analyzed, while blue carbon production and its export frommangroves leaf litterfallwasestimated. The results showed that the blue carbon content in mangrove sediment was significantly higher in deep of 40-50 cm than other layers(P< 0.05). The annual blue carbon production (g C/m2/year) was 495.80 for R. mucronata, 572.52 for C. tagal and 335.56 for R. apiculata. Moreover, the annual blue carbon exported g C/m2/year was 148.74 for R. mucronata, 171.76 for C. tagal and 100.68 R. apiculata. Overallcarbon production and carbon export from these mangrove species were 1403.88 and 421.18g C/m2/year, ***, huge blue carbon production and export by mangroves in this region contribute to the global carbon cycling in the coastal and marine environments. Thus, conservation of mangroves and their services is very important for maintenance the coastal productivity in the coral triangle eco-region.

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Analysis of chemical compound in essential oil from clove stem using the FTIR and GCMS methods

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2738卷

作者： Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum Galih Wiji Agung Fakhri Santo Khoirudin Lailatul Khoiriyah Ardian Fikri Amrullah Farah Hanifah Handika Arya Listyanto Muhammad Zainuri I. Nyoman Widiasa Indra Gunawan Biotechnology Study Program Biology Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Marine Laboratory Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia

Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) is an essential oil-producing plant which is widely found in Indonesia. Essential oil was made from it flower buds, leaves and stems for toothpaste, soaps, cosmetics, perfumes and cigarettes industries. Clove oil has been used in medicinal purposes for relieving pain, treating infection, easing digestive upset, dental and topical application. The objectives of the GC-MS analysis is to measure the type and content of compounds present in the clove stem sample, while the FT-IR analysis is to obtain the infrared spectrum on the clove stem sample through emission or absorption of solids, liquids. and gases in the sample. The chemical functional groups that were read through FT-IR on stem clove oil indicated that it contained aromatic compounds in the form of eugenol and eugenol acetate. The eugenol compound was the main component of the clove stem. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the chemical composition of clove oil consists of 28 compounds with the dominant components of clove oil are eugenol and caryophyllene (93% and 4.80%).

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Activated carbon characteristics of tabah bamboo that physically activated under different activation time 1

Activated carbon characteristics of tabah bamboo that physic...

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1st International Conference on Design, Energy, Materials and Manufacture, ICDEMM 2018

作者： Negara, D.N.K.P. Nindhia, T.G.T. Surata, I.W. Sucipta, M. Hidajat, F. Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Sudirman Denpasar-Bali Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Bali Badung Indonesia PPPTMGB Lemigas Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav. 109 Jakarta Selatan12230 Indonesia

Activated carbon is a versatile porous material that widely applied to purify, deodorize, decolorize, remove or reduce some gases harmful constituents and storage of gas. For different application different characteristics of activated carbon is required. This paper concerns to find out the characteristics of activated carbons derived from tabah bamboo (Gigantochloc nigrociliata) that physically activated with different activation holding time. Prepared tabah bamboo was carbonized by heating up to the temperature of 800 °C for two hours. The char produced was powdered and then activated physically by heating up to 800 °C, soaked at that temperature during each 1, 1.5 and 2 hours under 100 mL/min N2 flow. Activated carbons manufactured were characterized by proximate and ultimate analyses and SEM observation. The results show that the highest fix carbon (82.52%) and lowest ash (5.91 %) was obtained at 1 hour soaking time with moisture and volatile contents were 3.56% and 8.00 % respectively;the highest carbon (C) content of 84.16 % was yielded at soaked time of 1.5 hours;SEM observation shows that there were significant differences of morphology structure between raw material and activated carbons for all of the soaking time variations. The pores structures have been formed in the activated carbons produced. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Evaluation of biochar and Bacillus sp. amendments on lead polluted land: Dehydrogenation enzyme and Pb availability studies

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Environmental Challenges 2024年 14卷

作者： Priyadarshini, Rossyda Nurherdiana, Silvana Dwi Solekhah, Bella Agit Hamzah, Amir Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gn. Anyar Jawa Timur Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Center Innovation of Appropriate Technology for Lowland and Coastal Food Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gn. Anyar Jawa Timur Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gn. Anyar Jawa Timur Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Jl. Telaga Warna Tlogomas Kec. Lowokwaru Jawa Timur Kota Malang 65144 Indonesia

The existence of lead (Pb) in soil has a significant ecological impact, resulting in a reduction in soil fertility. The present work effectively remediated soil contaminated with the heavy metal lead (Pb) through the application of biochar and Bacillus sp bacteria. Currently, there is ongoing research on the utilization of biochar amendments and Bacillus sp bacteria. The main objective is to assess the impact of these materials on the absorption of Pb and the activity of dehydrogenation enzymes. The findings indicate that both materials exhibit significant efficacy in absorbing Pb metal in contaminated soil over the incubation period from day 0 to day 42. The absorption capacity steadily increases until the concentration of Pb in the polluted soil reaches 1–2 ppm, using a biochar dosage of 10–30 ***⁻¹. Incorporating Bacillus sp bacteria at a concentration of 25 ***⁻¹ enhances the uptake of Pb metal. In terms of future prospects, the incorporation of biochar and Bacillus Sp has the potential to enhance the absorption of Pb metal, hence improving soil fertility in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner. © 2023

关键词： Bacillus sp Biochar Dehydrogenation enzyme Lead contaminant Soil

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