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Application of Message Security Application Using Vigenere Cipher Algorithm Utilizing One Time Pad (OTP) Algorithm as a Key Generator

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1363卷 012080-012080页

作者： Pardede, A M H Lorena Perbina Br Sitepu Zarlis, Muhammad Tulus Iskandar, Akbar Sriadhi, S Manurung, Rosida Tiurma Nurintan Asyiah Siregar Sari, Ayu Esteka Yunawati, Sri Mursyidah, M Mursalin, M Kurniasih, Nuning Kurniawan, Citra Winarno, Edy STMIK Kaputama Binjai Sumatera Utara Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Department of Mathematics Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Medan Indonesia Graduate Program in Scientific Psychology Universitas Kristen Maranatha Indonesia Department of Management STIE Labuhanbatu Sumatera Utara Indonesia Department of Management STIE Sakti Alam Kerinci Jambi Indonesia Program Study of Accounting Pasir Pengaraian University Riau Indonesia Departement of Information Technology and Computer Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Aceh Indonesia Department of Mathematics Education Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia Faculty of Communication Sciences Library and Information Science Program Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Malang Indonesia Faculty of Information Technology Universitas Stikubank Semarang Indonesia

Cryptography is the science and art of maintaining the security of messages when messages are sent from one place to another. One of the ways securing the form of text message information is by the encryption process using the Vigenere Cipher algorithm and utilizing the One Time Pad (OTP) algorithm as a key generator, where the message will be random when it is opened. The message encryption process used the vigenere cipher algorithm while OTP is used to secure the key with the same formula. After this research has been done, an application was designed to secure text messages by converting the text message into a random message so that the message was unreadable due to a secret message that could not be known by others. The results achieved can secure an encrypted message that cannot be reopened and if those messages were reopened, they must be decrypted.

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Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight foamed concrete with fly ash

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： Chundakus Habsya Kuncoro Diharjo Prabang Setyono Prasasto Satwiko Doctor Candidate in Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Dept. Engineering Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Environmental Science Dept. Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the effect of fly ash content on the density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength and water absorption of Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC). This LFC consists of cement, water, sand, fly ash (FA) and foam. The foam is needed to to create air voids in the mixture and reduce its weight. The foaming agent which was diluted in the water was given air pressure using foam generator to produce foam. The LFC are made with water-cement ratio of 1:1 and cement-agregat ratio of 1: 4. Aggregates consisted of sand and FA varied by 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% in weight. The content offoam was 30% and 40% of the mortar volume. The increasing of foam content decreases density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of LFC. However, that increases its water absorption. The increasing of FA contentalso decreases water absorption, but it density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength.

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The Analysis of Ground Water Availability and Utility in DKI Jakarta

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2016年 227卷 799-807页

作者： Fadilah Rahmawati Wahyudi Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik Environmental Science Study Program Postgraduate Program Universitas Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia

As a densely-populated city, the Special Capital Region Jakarta finds that the availability of its groundwater becomes more and more critical every day. This study analyzes the availability of ground water in Jakarta and projects it for years 2030. The methods used are system dynamics and overlay method with Geographic Information System. Based on its physical conditions, included land use changes in Jakarta, study conducted 10 sample sub-districts area in Jakarta. study results show that the largest decrease of ground water availability occurs in Jagakarsa with 76,92% decreases in 10 years. The smallest decreases occur in Cempaka Putih with 0,8%, while the average decreases of 10 sample sub-districts area reach 34% in 10 years. The best intervention scenario conducted on the ground water availability a model show that increases of Ground water availability with the addition of the State's Drinking Water Company performance, the addition of 30% green space and the addition of groundwater taxes efficiency.

关键词： Groundwater Water Availability PAM System Dynamics

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Grasping and Attached Mode in Human-Computer Interaction in the study of Mouse Substitution

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1196卷 012034-012034页

作者： Widodo, R B Amrizal, S Gunawan, R S Quita, R M Wada, C Ardiansyah, A Santoso, A D Sutrisno, I Rahmat, M B Arfianto, A Z Handoko, C R Setiawan, E Santosa, A W B Ardhana, V Y P Informatics Engineering Study Program Ma Chung University Malang 65151 Indonesia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science National Central University Taoyuan City 32001 Taiwan Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Wakamatsu Fukuoka 808-0196 Japan Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya Gunung Anyar 60294 Surabaya Indonesia Department of Marine Electrical Engineering Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Departemen Teknik Perkapalan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin Bagu Central Lombok Indonesia

Some disabilities caused by sensory malfunction, accident, or congenital disorder could cause people difficulty in grasping the computer mouse. A well-known substitute uses an inertial sensor to monitor the body’s orientation. This paper evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness of different methods of holding the sensor. There are two modes of holding the sensor, the grasping mode and the attached mode; we also evaluate a mouse as a baseline. The attached mode works by placing the sensor on the back of user’s hand. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation procedure is based on ISO/TS 9241 part 411: Ergonomics of human-system interaction standard. The test consists of four levels of difficulty and indicates that the throughput and task completion times were not statistically different between grasping and attached mode. We also found that grasping mode and attached mode did not show significantly statistical differences in comfort and fatigue based on the questionnaires. The results also suggest that the orientation of the hand used in grasping and attached modes is suitable only for lower-impact computer use.

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Numeric model to predict the location of market demand and economic order quantity for retailers of supply chain

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2018年第1期352卷

作者： Edy Fradinata Zurnila Marli Kesuma Industrial Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh Indonesia. Statistics Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh Indonesia.

Polynomials and Spline regression are the numeric model where they used to obtain the performance of methods, distance relationship models for cement retailers in Banda Aceh, predicts the market area for retailers and the economic order quantity (EOQ). These numeric models have their difference accuracy for measuring the mean square error (MSE). The distance relationships between retailers are to identify the density of retailers in the town. The dataset is collected from the sales of cement retailer with a global positioning system (GPS). The sales dataset is plotted of its characteristic to obtain the goodness of fitted quadratic, cubic, and fourth polynomial methods. On the real sales dataset, polynomials are used the behavior relationship x-abscissa and y-ordinate to obtain the models. This research obtains some advantages such as; the four models from the methods are useful for predicting the market area for the retailer in the competitiveness, the comparison of the performance of the methods, the distance of the relationship between retailers, and at last the inventory policy based on economic order quantity. The results, the high-density retail relationship areas indicate that the growing population with the construction project. The spline is better than quadratic, cubic, and four polynomials in predicting the points indicating of small MSE. The inventory policy usages the periodic review policy type.

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Transverse single-spin asymmetry of midrapidity π0 and η mesons in p+Au and p+Al collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第11期107卷 112004-112004页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya C. Aidala Y. Akiba M. Alfred V. Andrieux N. Apadula H. Asano B. Azmoun V. Babintsev N. S. Bandara K. N. Barish S. Bathe A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier R. Belmont A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. S. Bok V. Borisov M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj V. Bumazhnov S. Campbell V. Canoa Roman R. Cervantes M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi Z. Citron M. Connors R. Corliss Y. Corrales Morales N. Cronin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. W. Danley M. S. Daugherity G. David C. T. Dean K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Dion D. Dixit V. Doomra J. H. Do A. Drees K. A. Drees J. M. Durham A. Durum H. En’yo A. Enokizono R. Esha B. Fadem W. Fan N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald S. L. Fokin J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukuda P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg H. Ge M. Giles F. Giordano Y. Goto N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H. Guragain T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks S. Y. Han M. Harvey S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler T. K. Hemmick X. He J. C. Hill K. Hill A. Hodges R. S. Hollis K. Homma B. Hong T. Hoshino N. Hotvedt J. Huang K. Imai M. Inaba A. Iordanova D. Isenhower D. Ivanishchev B. V. Jacak M. Jezghani X. Jiang Z. Ji B. M. Johnson D. Jouan D. S. Jumper J. H. Kang D. Kapukchyan S. Karthas D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev V. Khachatryan A. Khanzadeev A. Khatiwada C. Kim E.-J. Kim M. Kim T. Kim D. Kincses A. Kingan E. Kistenev J. Klatsky P. Kline T. Koblesky D. Kotov L. Kovacs S. Kudo B. Kurgyis K. Kurita Y. Kwon J. G. Lajoie D. Larionova A. Lebedev S. Lee S. H. Lee M. J. Leitch Y. H. Leung N. A. Lewis S. H. Lim M. X. Liu X. Li V.-R. Loggins D. A. Loomis K. Lovasz D. Lynch S. Lökös T. Majoros Y. I. Makdisi M. Makek V. I. Manko E. Mannel M. McCumber P. L. McGaughey D. McGlinchey C. McKinney M. Mendoza A. C. Mignerey A. Milov D. K. Mishra J. T. Mitchell M. Mitrankova Iu. Mitrankov G. Mitsuka S. Miyasaka S. Mizuno M. M. Mondal P. Montuenga T. Moon D. P. Morrison A. Muhammad B. Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Physics and Astronomy Department University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina 27412 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg 195251 Russia Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123098 Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow 115409 Russia New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea Weizmann Institute Rehovot 76100 Israel ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary MATE Laboratory of

Presented are the first measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries (AN) for neutral pions and eta mesons in p+Au and p+Al collisions at sNN=200 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.35 with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The asymmetries are consistent with zero, similar to those for midrapidity neutral pions and eta mesons produced in p+p collisions. These measurements show no evidence of additional effects that could potentially arise from the more complex partonic environment present in proton-nucleus collisions.

关键词： Beam polarization Hadron-hadron interactions Polarization phenomena Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Mesons Pions Polarization Spin

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Transverse single-spin asymmetry of charged hadrons at forward and backward rapidity in polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第7期108卷 072016-072016页

Reported here are transverse single-spin asymmetries (AN) in the production of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and Feynman-x (xF) in polarized p↑+p, p↑+Al, and p↑+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward and backward rapidity (1.4<|η|<2.4) over the range of 1.5 GeV/c0) in p↑+p collisions, whereas the p↑+Al and p↑+Au results show smaller asymmetries. This finding provides new opportunities to investigate the origin of transverse single-spin asymmetries and a tool to study nuclear effects in p+A collisions.

关键词： Beam polarization Hadron-hadron interactions Polarization phenomena Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadrons Spin

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Compact localized states and flat-band generators in one dimension

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Physical Review B 2017年第11期95卷 115135-115135页

作者： Wulayimu Maimaiti Alexei Andreanov Hee Chul Park Oleg Gendelman Sergej Flach Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34051 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion Haifa 3200003 Israel New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study Center for Theoretical Chemistry & Physics Massey University Auckland 0745 New Zealand

Flat bands (FB) are strictly dispersionless bands in the Bloch spectrum of a periodic lattice Hamiltonian, recently observed in a variety of photonic and dissipative condensate networks. FB Hamiltonians are fine-tuned networks, still lacking a comprehensive generating principle. We introduce a FB generator based on local network properties. We classify FB networks through the properties of compact localized states (CLS) which are exact FB eigenstates and occupy U unit cells. We obtain the complete two-parameter FB family of two-band d=1 networks with nearest unit cell interaction and U=2. We discover a novel high symmetry sawtooth chain with identical hoppings in a transverse dc field, easily accessible in experiments. Our results pave the way towards a complete description of FBs in networks with more bands and in higher dimensions.

关键词： Electronic structure 1-dimensional systems Electron-correlation calculations Lattice models in condensed matter

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