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Effect of lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment on excess sludge and anaerobic digestion

Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 36-49页

作者： Xiuqin Cao Songyue Li Chaolei Liu School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Urban Storm water System and Water Environment(Ministry of Education) Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste ***,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge *** this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these *** optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were ***,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall *** indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,*** represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated *** fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release *** experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble *** significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic *** SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.

关键词： Excess sludge Lysozyme Hydrothermal pre-treatment Anaerobic digestion Gas production

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Multi-stage Crop Planting Strategy optimization Model Based on PSO Algorithm 3

Multi-stage Crop Planting Strategy optimization Model Based ...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Information Technology, EIT 2024

作者： Wang, Jiaying Wang, Yiquan Sichuan University College of Architecture and Environment Chengdu China Shenzhen X-Institute Shenzhen China Xinjiang University College of Mathematics and System Science Urumqi China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369151

This paper presents a multi-stage crop planting strategy optimization model utilizing the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model aims to address key challenges in agriculture, such as fluctuating market demands, climate variability, and rising production costs. Over a seven-year planning horizon (2024-2030), the model dynamically adjusts crop planting strategies by integrating factors like crop yield, market prices, and crop rotation. The proposed framework optimizes both crop selection and area allocation to maximize economic profitability while maintaining sustainable practices. Unlike traditional static models, this approach accounts for uncertainties and adapts to real-time changes in market conditions. The model's ability to adjust planting strategies based on PSO ensures that farmers can optimize yields and reduce waste through flexible decision-making. Experimental results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in dynamically optimizing planting strategies while satisfying constraints such as land availability and crop rotation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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CALCULATION OF SPALLING AREA ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS USING SFM

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2024年第76期30卷 1269-1274页

作者： Tsuka, Daisuke Takahashi, Noriyuki Sakurai, Masato Kanno, Hideto Dept. of Architecture and Building Science Tohoku Univ Japan Architecture & Environment System Akita Prefectural Univ Japan

Research on seismic damage estimation is underway for the purpose of estimating the repairing cost after earthquakes. To accurately calculate the amount of damage in the spalling area of RC members, it is desirable to evaluate the damage based on the three-dimensional geometry. This study proposes a method to calculate the volume of the spalling area from 3D point cloud data of RC column members reconstructed by SfM. In this method, the spalling area is extracted from the point cloud data based on the positional relationship with the surface of the member, and it is modeled as alpha shape. © 2024 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Earthquakes

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Urban spatial, engineering and management resilience capacity enhancement from a flood safety perspective

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Water-Energy Nexus 2024年第1期7卷 213-226页

作者： Li, Junqi Zou, Yue Li, Jing Si, Shuai Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing100044 China Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center Beijing100044 China

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events caused by climate change has had a significant impact on cities worldwide. Resilient cities have become a prominent topic of discussion in both domestic and international urban planning. This paper examines the challenges and barriers faced in building resilient cities, as well as the current state of resilience construction in China amidst global flooding issues. By analyzing the impact factors of urban flooding, a comprehensive urban flood resilience evaluation model is proposed, comprising spatial resilience, engineering resilience, and management resilience. Previous studies have not closely integrated the influencing factors with the flood disaster process. The CRITIC assignment method takes into account the correlation between the indicators while objectively considering the magnitude of the differences between them. Therefore, this paper adopts the CRITIC assignment method to categorize and integrate the evaluating factors, aiming to enhance the overall resilience to urban floods. The flood resilience evaluation factors are reassessed in this study to ensure that the various systems and segments of the city can prevent, effectively respond to, and efficiently recover from flood disasters while achieving sustainable development. © 2024

关键词： Floods

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Improving sludge dewaterability via Fe^(2+) chelated citrate activated peroxydisulfate oxidation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 223-233页

作者： Donghai Yuan Xinyu Li Siyu Xiong Jun Cui Jijiao Zhou Yingying Kou Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Huzhou Environmental Sanitation Management Center Huzhou 313000China

Citrate (Ct) was chosen as a typical chelator used in the Fe^(2+)-peroxydisulfate (PDS) process to improve sludge *** PDS-Fe^(2+)-Ct process exhibited better performance in sludge dewatering than PDS-Fe^(2+).Specifically,with a PDS dosage of 1.2 mmol/g VS,the molar ratio of PDS/Fe^(2+)and Ct/Fe^(2+)were 4:5 and 1:4,respectively,the capillary suction time decreased from 155.8 to 24.8sec,and the sludge cake water content decreased from 82.62%to 64.11%(-0.06MPa).The oxidation led to a reduced negative charge and a decrease in particle *** enhanced sludge dewaterability and changes of sludge properties were attributed to the decomposition of extracellular polymeric substances,and it was explored by protein,polysaccharide,3D-EEMs,and ***,the quenching experiments of radical species demonstrated that SO_(4)-·played a more important role than·OH,and its productivity was improved with the addition of ***,the reasons for the improved productivity of radicals with the addition of Ct were *** results of this study could serve as a basis for improving sludge dewatering using the PDS-Fe^(2+)-Ct process and suggest that the addition of Ct may improve the productivity of SO_(4)-·in the activation o PDS via Fe^(2+).

关键词： Wastewater sludge Dewaterability Peroxydisulfate oxidation Citrate

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Energy modeling and optimization of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans:A case study

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Building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1085-1111页

作者： Yong Cao Chuang Wang Sheng Wang Xiao Fu Xinguo Ming School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Air-Conditioning Equipment and System Energy Conservation Zhuhai 519070China GREE Electric Appliances Inc.of ZhuhaiZhuhai 519070China School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Beijing Advanced Innovation Centerfor Future Urban Design Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

The emergence of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans allows for increased efficiency and flexibility of chiller plants in partial load operation but also increases the control complexity of condenser water *** study aims to develop an integrated modeling technique for evaluating and optimizing the energy performance of such a condenser water *** proposed system model is based on the semi-physical semi-empirical chiller,pump,and cooling tower models,with capabilities of fully considering the hydraulic and thermal interactions in the condenser water loop,being solved analytically and much faster than iterative solvers and supporting the explicit optimization of the pump and tower fan frequency.A mathematical approach,based on the system model and constrained optimization technique,is subsequently established to evaluate the energy performance of a typical dual setpoint-based variable speed strategy and find its energy-saving potential and most efficient operation by jointly optimizing pumps and tower *** all-variable speed chiller plant from Wuhan,China,is used for a case study to validate the system model’s accuracy and explore its *** results showed that the system model can accurately simulate the condenser water system’s performance under various operating *** optimizing the frequencies of pumps and tower fans,the total system energy consumption can be reduced by 12%–13%compared to the fixed dual setpoint-based strategy with range and approach setpoints of 4℃and 2℃.In contrast,the energy-saving potential of optimizing the cooling tower sequencing is insignificant.A simple joint speed control method for optimizing the pumps and tower fans emerged,i.e.,the optimal pump and fan frequency are linearly correlated(if both are non-extremes)and depend on the chiller part load ratio only,irrespective of the ambient wet-bulb temperature and chilled water supply *** was also foun

关键词： all-variable speed chiller plant model-based optimization hydraulic and thermal coupling analytical solution dual setpoint-based variable speed control optimal joint speed control

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Heating, cooling and energy management of cold climate educational built environments using green roofs

Urban Governance

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Urban Governance 2024年第4期4卷 297-312页

作者： Zahedi, Rahim Omidifar, Reza Balaghi, Shadi Farrokh Pourezzat, Ali Asghar Yousefi, Hossein Taghitahooneh, Mohammad Shaghaghi, Aidin Ahmadi, Abolfazl Department of New Energies and Environment University of Tehran Tehran Iran Faculty of Governance University of Tehran Tehran Iran Faculty of Architecture and Urban Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Department of Energy System Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Educational spaces in the world with a student population of about 600 million people are significant energy consumers. Also, 66 percent of schools are among energy consumers in the lower categories of energy consumption management. Meanwhile, the world's student population is expanding while nonrenewable energy sources are running out. Recent investigations highlight schools’ focus on energy efficiency in construction, which is driven by escalating energy expenses and depleting resources. This study presents a model of green schools featuring green roof coverings interconnected with controllable window atriums, leveraging green architecture as a renewable energy solution. It assesses the impact of green roofs coupled with atriums on summer ventilation and winter heat control in cold climate regions, contrasting with conventional school designs. This study aims to improve the thermal performance of schools, reduce heat losses from the roof and walls of schools, and also help improve natural ventilation in classrooms. The research followed a descriptive-analytical approach and employed simulation techniques. The model is simulated using the Carrier HAP, and its analyses are validated by the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED certification. Then, a comparison is made between the thermal loads of the proposed model and the thermal loads of the conventional school model in this climate. The results demonstrate the advantage of using green roofs in improving thermal loads in winter and cooling loads in summer in classroom models with green roofs connected to atriums compared to classrooms with conventional 40 cm thick roofs or 66 cm thick roofs without greenery. Energy savings are achieved by creating schools with green roofs associated with atriums while maintaining students' connection with nature and utilizing this cover as an auxiliary learning space. Energy savings are 54.95 % in winter and 76.11 % in summer compared to conventional 40 cm thick roofs and 66 cm thick

关键词： Atrium integration Educational spaces Energy management Green roofs connected to atriums Renewable energy sources

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Structural impact under accidental LNG release on the LNG bunkering ship: Implementation of advanced cryogenic risk analysis

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Process Safety and environmental Protection 2024年 186卷 329-347页

作者： Nubli, Haris Jung, Dongho Kim, Sang Jin Sohn, Jung Min Department of Naval Architecture and Marine System Engineering Pukyong National University Korea Republic of Department of Offshore Platform Research Division Korea Reseacrch Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering Korea Republic of Department of Marine Environment and Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Marine Design Convergence Engineering Pukyong National University Korea Republic of

The potential risk associated with the accidental release of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a notable concern during the design phase of gas-handling facilities. One of the risk is an excessive cryogenic exposure to structures or equipment, leading to hazardous situations. This study aims to introduce a novel method that implements Advanced Cryogenic Risk Analysis (ACRA) to enhance the safety of LNG bunkering ship structure in case of cryogenic flow leakage. The method involves evaluating thermal loads based on the preceding simulated LNG release scenarios using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). These thermal parameters are then employed in structural analysis through the Finite Element (FE) approach. The integration of thermal data from CFD simulations into the FE model was achieved using the Random Forest algorithm. The LNG bunkering structure is represented using DH36-grade steel material. Furthermore, to accurately capture the mechanical properties of DH36 steel, cryogenic tensile tests were conducted across a temperature range from 298.15 K to 113.15 K. The resulting stress-strain data from these tests were utilized to establish a reliable material model for conducting FE analysis. This paper comprehensively presents a novel ACRA procedure by utilizing physical parameter of the gas release cosnequence such as the steel temperature profile to identify the brittle failure under the accidental gas release on the LNG bunkering ship. In addition, quantitative risk analysis (QRA) was also presented regarding the cryogenic spill hazard, to link the probability and consequence aspects of the LNG bunkering risk, particularly the results of steel temperature, stress, and strain experienced by the ship's structure. Furthermore, the individual risk was also estimated. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail regarding the cryogenic risk, cryogenic tensile test and numerical analyses. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Hazardous materials spills

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Economic feasibility assessment and parameter sensitivity analysis of rainwater harvesting systems in different climatic zones of China

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Water-Energy Nexus 2025年 8卷 6-17页

作者： Xue, Chonghua Xiong, Feng Li, Junqi Li, Xiaojing Li, Jing Wang, Yu Li, Xiangyu Cui, Ziyu Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing100044 China Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center Beijing100044 China Urban Water Affairs and Engineering Research Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Beijing100044 China

Rainwater is an important non-traditional water resource, and the economic benefits of rainwater harvesting and utilization vary considerably across different climatic conditions. This paper constructs typical rainwater harvesting (RWH) models based on road watering and green space watering reuse pathways, as well as typical flat water year and cistern emptying time in three distinct climate zones of China: Urumqi (located in a semi-arid area), Baoding (located in a semi-humid area), and Shantou (located in a humid area). Using the Infoworks ICM model, long-term simulations (30 years) were conducted to evaluate the economic advantages of rainwater utilization across these climate zones. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was employed to optimize the cistern volume by integrating Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Additionally, multiple nonlinear regression analyses were employed to quantify the relationship between various catchment subsurfaces and the optimal reservoir volume. Sensitivity analyses, including Sobol sensitivity analysis, were performed for parameters such as subsurface characteristics, water price, discount rate, and number of days for emptying the impoundment. The study results indicated that the change curves of NPV and BCR in all three cities exhibit an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of reservoir volume under different reservoir setup scenarios. The optimal volume of the reservoir could be articulated through the fitting equation that relates the green space ratio to the road ratio. The discount rate and water price significantly impacted the optimal volume of storage tanks, with the sensitivity of the parameter of the number of days of emptying of the storage tanks to the optimal volume being greater in Shantou, a city in a high humid area. Conversely, in Urumqi, a semi-arid area, the variation of the parameter of greenland rate had a greater sensitivity to the volume of storage tanks. These findings

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Simultaneous degradation of sulfadiazine and dissolved organic matter based on low-impact development facilities

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 223-233页

作者： Donghai Yuan Siyu Xiong Chenling Yan Linxiao Zhai Yanqi Cui Yingying Kou Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Detection Analysis and Evaluation Beijing Municipal Institute of City ManagementBeijing 100028China ZC Daring(Beijing)Smart City Science and Technology Development Co.Ltd. Beijing 101100China

Sulfadiazine(SD)is a common antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections in livestock,and its fate andmigration are greatly affected by dissolved organicmatter(DOM).The soil infiltration system[a typical low-impact development(LID)facility]can significantly alterDOMproperties during runoff pollution,thus affecting the complexation of ***,the binding characteristics of different DOM components and SD in the soil infiltration system were explored using spectroscopic techniques(excitation–emission matrices,parallel factor analysis,and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy).Combined with the weakening of DOM fluorescence intensity and 78.63%reduction in mean SD concentration following treatment,synchronous degradation may have *** binding sequence of SD and DOM fluorophores was further explored using two-dimensional correlation *** DOM showed greater sensitivity to SD and more binding sites than influent ***,hydrophobic protein-like substances exhibited higher log K_(M) values than other fluorescent components,indicating that protein-like components play significant roles in SD *** soil percolation system improved the complexation stability and binding sequence of fulvic-like ***,SD–DOM can be intercepted and degraded using LID facilities to reduce the risk of SD in aquatic environments.

关键词： Sulfadiazine(SD) Low-impact development(LID) Agricultural non-point sources Dissolved organic matter (DOM) Parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)

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