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Economic feasibility assessment and parameter sensitivity analysis of rainwater harvesting systems in different climatic zones of China

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Water-Energy Nexus 2025年 8卷 6-17页

作者： Xue, Chonghua Xiong, Feng Li, Junqi Li, Xiaojing Li, Jing Wang, Yu Li, Xiangyu Cui, Ziyu Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing100044 China Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center Beijing100044 China Urban Water Affairs and Engineering Research Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Beijing100044 China

Rainwater is an important non-traditional water resource, and the economic benefits of rainwater harvesting and utilization vary considerably across different climatic conditions. This paper constructs typical rainwater harvesting (RWH) models based on road watering and green space watering reuse pathways, as well as typical flat water year and cistern emptying time in three distinct climate zones of China: Urumqi (located in a semi-arid area), Baoding (located in a semi-humid area), and Shantou (located in a humid area). Using the Infoworks ICM model, long-term simulations (30 years) were conducted to evaluate the economic advantages of rainwater utilization across these climate zones. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was employed to optimize the cistern volume by integrating Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Additionally, multiple nonlinear regression analyses were employed to quantify the relationship between various catchment subsurfaces and the optimal reservoir volume. Sensitivity analyses, including Sobol sensitivity analysis, were performed for parameters such as subsurface characteristics, water price, discount rate, and number of days for emptying the impoundment. The study results indicated that the change curves of NPV and BCR in all three cities exhibit an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of reservoir volume under different reservoir setup scenarios. The optimal volume of the reservoir could be articulated through the fitting equation that relates the green space ratio to the road ratio. The discount rate and water price significantly impacted the optimal volume of storage tanks, with the sensitivity of the parameter of the number of days of emptying of the storage tanks to the optimal volume being greater in Shantou, a city in a high humid area. Conversely, in Urumqi, a semi-arid area, the variation of the parameter of greenland rate had a greater sensitivity to the volume of storage tanks. These findings

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Effect of admixture on compressive fatigue properties of lightweight concrete underwater

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 478卷

作者： Shibayama, Atsushi Sakata, Takumi Zhu, Ziping Liu, Yuan Kihara, Naoto Nishiyama, Minehiro Department of Civil Engineering Gifu University Japan Architectural Design Division Kajima Corp Japan Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Kyoto University Japan Specialty Steel & Wire Products Division Neturen Co Ltd Japan Sustainable System Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Japan Kyoto University Japan

Using lightweight concrete, rather than ordinary concrete, for floating structures is expected to reduce costs, mainly due to the reduction of external mooring forces. However, previous studies point out that lightweight concrete has lower fatigue strength than ordinary concrete and that the fatigue strength of concrete decreases when underwater. To investigate whether the admixture helped improve fatigue performance, this study conducted compressive fatigue tests on concretes with several kinds of compositions in air and underwater. It was observed that the underwater fatigue life of lightweight concrete mixed with silica fume and reinforced with steel fiber is about 20–30 times larger than that of ordinary concrete, which has almost the same static compressive strength. Consequently, silica fume and fiber reinforcement effectively improved the underwater compressive fatigue strength of lightweight concrete. © 2025

关键词： Light weight concrete

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Variable stiffness design optimization of fiber-reinforced composite laminates with regular and irregular holes considering fiber continuity for additive manufacturing

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第3期38卷 334-354页

作者： Yi LIU Zunyi DUAN Chunping ZHOU Yuan SI Chenxi GUAN Yi XIONG Bin XU Jun YAN Jihong ZHU School of Mechanics Civil Engineering&ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Research&Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518063China Key Lab for Airborne Hi-performance Electro-magnetic Window RISACJinan 130012China School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsInternational Research Center for Computational MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing MIIT Lab of Metal Additive Manufacturing and Innovative DesignNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design optimization of variable stiffness of fiber-reinforced composite laminates has attracted widespread attention from scholars and industry. In these aerospace composite structures, numerous cutout panels and shells serve as access points for maintaining electrical, fuel, and hydraulic systems. The traditional fiber-reinforced composite laminate subtractive drilling manufacturing inevitably faces the problems of interlayer delamination, fiber fracture, and burr of the laminate. Continuous fiber additive manufacturing technology offers the potential for integrated design optimization and manufacturing with high structural performance. Considering the integration of design and manufacturability in continuous fiber additive manufacturing, the paper proposes linear and nonlinear filtering strategies based on the Normal Distribution Fiber Optimization (NDFO) material interpolation scheme to overcome the challenge of discrete fiber optimization results, which are difficult to apply directly to continuous fiber additive manufacturing. With minimizing structural compliance as the objective function, the proposed approach provides a strategy to achieve continuity of discrete fiber paths in the variable stiffness design optimization of composite laminates with regular and irregular holes. In the variable stiffness design optimization model, the number of candidate fiber laying angles in the NDFO material interpolation scheme is considered as design variable. The sensitivity information of structural compliance with respect to the number of candidate fiber laying angles is obtained using the analytical sensitivity analysis method. Based on the proposed variable stiffness design optimization method for complex perforated composite laminates, the numerical examples cons

关键词： Variable stiffness composite laminates Discrete material interpolation scheme Normal distribution fiber optimization Discrete fiber continuous filtering strategy Additive manufacturing of composite laminates

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Residential tree canopy configuration and mortality in 6 million Swiss adults: a longitudinal study

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2025年第3期9卷 e186-e195页

作者： Chi, Dengkai Manoli, Gabriele Lin, Brenda Aerts, Raf Yang, Jun Hahs, Amy Richards, Daniel Meili, Naika Zhu, Yue Qiu, Yeshan Wang, Jing Burlando, Paolo Fatichi, Simone Tan, Puay Yok Singapore–ETH Centre Future Cities Laboratory Global Singapore Laboratory of Urban and Environmental Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland CSIRO Environment Brisbane QLD Australia Division of Ecology Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Risk and Health Impact Assessment Sciensano Brussels Belgium Department of Earth System Science Institute for Global Change Studies Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences Burnley Campus The University of Melbourne Richmond Melbourne VIC Australia Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand Institute of Environmental Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Architecture College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Background: Residential exposure to trees has been associated with reduced mortality risks. We hypothesise that in addition to tree canopy cover, tree canopy configuration also plays a role in exposure–mortality relationships. As there is limited evidence on this hypothesis, especially longitudinal evidence, we performed a nationwide study to investigate the residential tree canopy configuration–mortality associations in the Swiss population. Methods: In this longitudinal study, the tree canopy cover and configuration metrics within 500 m of individuals’ residences were quantified using high-resolution tree canopy data (1 × 1 m) from 2010 to 2019. We developed single-exposure and multi-exposure time-varying Cox regression models to estimate the associations between the different exposure metrics and natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in Swiss adults (aged from 20 years to 90 years). Mortality and census data were taken from the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs per IQR increase in the metrics adjusting for personal sociodemographic and contextual covariates. We also explored the effect modification by tree canopy cover, PM₁₀, air temperature, urbanisation level, age, sex, and area-based local socioeconomic position. Findings: Our analyses included 6 215 073 individuals from the SNC between 2010 and 2019. In the fully adjusted single-exposure models, we observed protective associations between natural-cause mortality risk and tree canopy cover (IQR 12·4%, HR 0·979 [95% CI 0·975–0·983]) and configuration metrics describing the aggregation (6·3%, 0·831 [0·823–0·840]), and connectedness (2·9%, 0·946 [0·938–0·953]);and detrimental associations with two metrics describing the fragmentation (211 patches per 100 ha, 1·073 [1·066–1·080]) and shape complexity (1·9, 1·094 [1·089–1·100]) of patches. The associations were generally preserved with other common causes of death. According to the multi-expo

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Standard interfaces in mobile terminals - Increasing the efficiency of device design and accelerating innovation

Standard interfaces in mobile terminals - Increasing the eff...

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45th ACM/IEEE design Automation Conference

作者： Savolainen, Risto Rissa, Tero Architecture and System Design Nokia Devices R and D Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581156

Handheld mobile terminals have developed from simple phones to devices featuring a wide variety of modem multimedia functions, being in fact multimedia computers. In today's mobile terminals, computational demand is closes to that of personal desktop computers only a few years ago. All these new features need more power and bandwidth in interconnections. New innovations must be implemented in these devices with ever increasing speed.

关键词： wireless MIPI inte

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The value of modem decision-making support services to fusion projects

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND design 2007年第15-24期82卷 2713-2721页

作者： Pascal, Claude Blanchet, Christian Ollivier, Jean-Marc [a]System Architecture Department AREVA TA [b]Head of LMJ Design Integration Unit AREVA TA [c]LMJ Design Integration Unit AREVA TA

Regardless of the power generation process, whether fission or fusion, a nuclear power plant (NPP) is a complex system of thousands of components and equipment. It is also subject to stringent requirements in terms of safety, environmental impacts, schedule and cost-competitiveness. Operating experience from test and propulsion reactors recently designed and built by AREVA TA - more than 10 reactors with 4 different designs in the past 12 years - and from NPPs recently built in Asia and the AREVA NP EPR under construction at the Okiluoto site in Finland highlight the added value of the latest engineering methods. These methods meet project management standards issued in the past five years and are based on a global approach and continuous improvement of the process. They significantly minimize risk for the customer, the public and the environment. The scientific and technical complexities are significantly higher in the case of a new fusion power plant project. There is very little operating experience from previous scientific machine projects, especially in the fields of nuclear facility integration, nuclear safety culture, human factors, integrated logistics support, nuclear operations and decommissioning requirements to be factored in at the design and construction stages. Examples are provided from AREVA group experience to show the versatility of the engineering approach and present some successful adaptations of these methods in a variety of technical fields with varying levels of engineering responsibility. This paper focus on decision-making support services in the following areas: performance management, interface management (including physical as well as functional interfaces) and integration management. The contribution of CAD and PDM (Product Data Management) is discussed. This paper describes how the fusion community can benefit from the best engineering practices of nuclear companies. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： engineering performance interface virtual mock-up

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Characteristics and risk assessment of thermal pollution from stormwater runoff in urban lake

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 658卷

作者： Li, Jing Li, Junqi Li, Zimu Cui, Ziyu Jing, Jiayue Zou, Yue Li, Xiangyu Xiong, Feng Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing100044 China Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center Beijing100044 China Capital Urban Planning & Design Consulting Development Co. Ltd. Beijing100120 China Urban Water Affairs and Engineering Research Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Beijing100044 China Human Resources Development Center of Ministry of Natural Resources of China Beijing100000 China

Urban expansion has led to changes in land use patterns, with the increased urban surface area replacing natural infiltration channels for stormwater. This can contribute to higher water temperatures of recipient water bodies, thus reducing the quality of aquatic ecosystems. Current research primarily focuses on the impact of thermal pollution on aquatic organisms and the effectiveness of low-impact development facilities in controlling thermal pollution. However, there is a lack of research addressing the capacity of water bodies to handle heat loads and control thermal pollution. This paper monitored the current thermal pollution of the underlying surface in the study area, and the characteristics of thermal pollution change at different periods of 6 h were analyzed. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed to incorporate the new parameter of lake thermal load carrying ratio (LTR) into the design of the Sponge City Renovation. The results showed that although the highest event runoff mean temperature was observed for rainfall events during the afternoon period, the total runoff thermal load was highest during the early morning period. The maximum LTR reached 145 % for the lake. Based on the LTR parameter to calculate the scale of plot modification, 16 % of the concrete underlayment in the Daxing campus can be modified into green space with the addition of 14,180 m2 of bioretention facilities, which can effectively reduce the LTR value by up to 48 %, at which time the water body will no longer be exposed to the risk of thermal pollution. The LTR index can be utilized in low-impact development and renovation projects to effectively assess the thermal pollution risk of stormwater runoff generated by plots. This assessment holds high practical value for evaluating the environmental impact of such developments. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Storm sewers

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Two-decadal shifts in phytoplankton functional taxa (2002–2022) in response to extreme marine heatwaves

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21961-21978页

作者： Ronglong Chen Deyong Sun Shengqiang Wang Yongjun Jia Muhammad Bilal Shuyan Lang Zhenghao Li State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application Ministry of Natural Resources Beijing 100081 China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081 China Architecture and City Design Department College of Design and Built Environment King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Aviation & Space Exploration (IRC-ASE) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

Phytoplankton play a crucial role in the primary productivity of ocean ecosystems, rendering changes in their populations particularly consequential. The effects of extreme sea surface temperature (SST) on phytoplankton are noteworthy. However, the direct characterization of total biomass by chlorophyll for analysis is inaccurate for phytoplankton functional taxa (PFTs) with different sensitivity to SST. Through the method of Diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA), these organisms can be classified into six primary functional taxa based on their distinctive pigments, which play a vital role in elucidating their ecological functions and dynamics. This study employed optical remote sensing to reconstruct daily concentrations and occupancy of six PFTs in the Eastern China Marginal Sea (ECMS) over the past 20 years. Causal analyses were conducted to identify regions with varying sensitivity to SST changes and further explore the corresponding impacts on phytoplankton concentrations. Results revealed that high-causality areas in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) were primarily located in nearshore waters. In contrast, high-causality regions in the East China Sea (ECS) were farther offshore, while nearshore areas exhibited lower causality. The high-causality subregions experienced significant fluctuations in phytoplankton concentrations, particularly during marine heatwave (MHW) events, with a prevailing trend of decline in taxon concentrations driven by elevated SST. In comparison, low-causality subregions displayed weaker synchronization with SST changes, as other factors influenced taxa concentrations more prominently. Notably, while phytoplankton concentrations fluctuated significantly during extreme MHW events, they eventually reverted to baseline levels. However, with the increasing frequency and intensity of MHWs due to global warming, the capacity for phytoplankton to recover under such repeated stress remains uncertain. This study emphasizes the necessity of furt

关键词： Absorption coefficient Optical absorption Optical properties Remote sensing Spatial resolution Strain

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NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION - A CHALLENGE FOR SDH/SONET

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 1993年第9期31卷 42-50页

作者： KLEIN, MJ URBANSKY, R Field of Systems Planning Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG Germany System Architecture and ASIC Design of SDH Products Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG Germany

The basic characteristics and requirements of existing networks are summarized, focusing on network synchronization aspects and related parameters. The SDH/SONET-specific pointer-based multiplexing technique is described. It is shown that the need to synchronize the SDH/SONET network elements is not an inherent characteristic of these synchronous networks but rather a result of the generally applied pointer processor implementation. The principles of an advanced pointer processor implementation that is fully compatible with the existing telecommunication environment are outlined. This pointer processor does not require synchronization and, additionally, provides timing transparency. Measurement results demonstrating the feasibility of this approach are presented.< >

关键词： Synchronous digital hierarchy SONET Synchronization Clocks Telephony Timing Switches Delay Bit rate Stability

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GENERAL ARRANGEMENT design COMPUTER-system AND METHODOLOGY .1. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT design system

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 261-273页

作者： CARLSON, CM FIREMAN, H Craig M. Carlson:is a general engineer in the Computer Aided Engineering Division (SEA-507). He received his B.S. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. In 1972 he was selected for the NAVSEC Hull Division's Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan and received his M. S. E. degree in naval architecture in 1973. Additionally he has done graduate work in computer science at The Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson began his career with the Naval Ship Engineering Center in 1970 where he worked in the Ship Arrangements Branch. While in ship arrangements he was task leader for the PGG PCG PHM and MCM ship designs. In addition he was project engineer for shipboard stowage ship space classification system and ship standard nomenclature. He was technical manager of the CASDAC arrangement subsystem and the CASDAC hull design system. In 1982 he joined what is now the Computer Aided Engineering Division. Currently he is the manager for the computer supported design version XX system. Besides ASNE which he joined in 1972 he is a member of SNA ME and the U.S. Naval Institute. Howard Fireman:is a naval architect in the Ship Arrangements Design Division (SEA-55W1). He received his B. S. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1979. In 1983 he was selected for NavSea's Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan and received his M. S. E. degree in naval architecture with a specialization in ship production and computer aided ship design in 1985. Mr. Fireman began his career with the Naval Ship Engineering Center in 1977 as an engineering cooperative student. Since graduating from the NavSea EIT program he has worked in the Ship Arrangements Design Division. He was task leader for the AOE-6 AE-36 T-AH ARS-SO and SWATH T-AGOS ship designs. He is technical manager of the CSD General Arrangement Design System and is currently the Hull Group CSD coordinator. Besides ASNE which he joined in 1979 he is a member of SNA ME ASE a

The ever increasing complexity of ships coupled with cost, schedule, and resource constraints require innovative methods by the Naval Sea systems Command's ship design community to meet this challenge. This paper describes the effort by the NavSea Ship Arrangement design Division to dramatically improve its ship design capability by the use of a system of computer-based design tools called the General Arrangement design system. The General Arrangement design system (GADS) is based on the engineering requirements of the ship arrangement design process. GADS is currently being used as a production engineering tool. This paper is organized into two parts. Part I describes the General Arrangement design system, and Part II describes the general arrangement design methodology.

关键词： NAVAL architecture

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