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NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION - A CHALLENGE FOR SDH/SONET

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 1993年第9期31卷 42-50页

作者： KLEIN, MJ URBANSKY, R Field of Systems Planning Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG Germany System Architecture and ASIC Design of SDH Products Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG Germany

The basic characteristics and requirements of existing networks are summarized, focusing on network synchronization aspects and related parameters. The SDH/SONET-specific pointer-based multiplexing technique is described. It is shown that the need to synchronize the SDH/SONET network elements is not an inherent characteristic of these synchronous networks but rather a result of the generally applied pointer processor implementation. The principles of an advanced pointer processor implementation that is fully compatible with the existing telecommunication environment are outlined. This pointer processor does not require synchronization and, additionally, provides timing transparency. Measurement results demonstrating the feasibility of this approach are presented.< >

关键词： Synchronous digital hierarchy SONET Synchronization Clocks Telephony Timing Switches Delay Bit rate Stability

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STGCN-LSTM FOR OLYMPIC MEDAL PREDICTION: DYNAMIC POWER MODELING AND CAUSAL POLICY OPTIMIZATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yiquan Wang, Jiaying Huang, Tin-Yeh Yang, Jingyi Wang, Guanjie Xu, Zihao College of Mathematics and System Science Xinjiang University Xinjiang Urumqi830046 China Intelligent Software Research Center Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Shenzhen X-Institute Shenzhen518055 China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Department of Industrial and System Engineering Faculty of Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 999077 Hong Kong School of Design and Art Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan411104 China School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Huaihua University Huaihua418099 China Faculty of Science and Engeerning The University of Nottingham-Ningbo Ningbo315100 China

This paper proposes a novel hybrid model, STGCN-LSTM, to forecast Olympic medal distributions by integrating the spatio-temporal relationships among countries and the long-term dependencies of national performance. The Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolution Network (STGCN) captures geographic and interactive factors-such as coaching exchange and socio-economic links-while the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) module models historical trends in medal counts, economic data, and demographics. To address zero-inflated outputs (i.e., the disparity between countries that consistently yield wins and those never having won medals), a Zero-Inflated Compound Poisson (ZICP) framework is incorporated to separate random zeros from structural zeros, providing a clearer view of potential breakthrough performances. Validation includes historical backtracking, policy shock simulations, and causal inference checks, confirming the robustness of the proposed method. Results shed light on the influence of coaching mobility, event specialization, and strategic investment on medal forecasts, offering a data-driven foundation for optimizing sports policies and resource allocation in diverse Olympic contexts. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Variable stiffness design optimization of fiber-reinforced composite laminates with regular and irregular holes considering fiber continuity for additive manufacturing

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第3期 338-358页

作者： Yi LIU Zunyi DUAN Chunping ZHOU Yuan SI Chenxi GUAN Yi XIONG Bin XU Jun YAN Jihong ZHU School of Mechanics Civil Engineering & ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical University Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Key Lab for Airborne Hi-performance Electro-magnetic Window RISAC School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsInternational Research Center for Computational MechanicsDalian University of Technology State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing MIIT Lab of Metal Additive Manufacturing and Innovative DesignNorthwestern Polytechnical University

Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design optimization of variable stiffness of fiber-reinforced composite laminates has attracted widespread attention from scholars and industry. In these aerospace composite structures, numerous cutout panels and shells serve as access points for maintaining electrical, fuel,and hydraulic systems. The traditional fiber-reinforced composite laminate subtractive drilling manufacturing inevitably faces the problems of interlayer delamination, fiber fracture, and burr of the laminate. Continuous fiber additive manufacturing technology offers the potential for integrated design optimization and manufacturing with high structural performance. Considering the integration of design and manufacturability in continuous fiber additive manufacturing, the paper proposes linear and nonlinear filtering strategies based on the Normal Distribution Fiber Optimization(NDFO) material interpolation scheme to overcome the challenge of discrete fiber optimization results, which are difficult to apply directly to continuous fiber additive manufacturing. With minimizing structural compliance as the objective function, the proposed approach provides a strategy to achieve continuity of discrete fiber paths in the variable stiffness design optimization of composite laminates with regular and irregular holes. In the variable stiffness design optimization model, the number of candidate fiber laying angles in the NDFO material interpolation scheme is considered as design variable. The sensitivity information of structural compliance with respect to the number of candidate fiber laying angles is obtained using the analytical sensitivity analysis method. Based on the proposed variable stiffness design optimization method for complex perforated composite laminates, the numerical examples consid

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Error analysis and control of the acoustic overlapping mesh technique

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Applied Acoustics 2025年 238卷

作者： Wang, Youjiang Yang, Zhuangtao Liu, Zhenghao Ding, Yongle Zhang, Tao Zhang, Daiyu Yu, Long Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China School of Ocean & Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Kunming Branch of the 705 Research Institute China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited Kunming China School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Xi'an China Marine Design and Research Institute of China Shanghai China Xi'an Precision Machinery Research Institute Xi'an China School of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang212003 China

Accurate and affordable methods for predicting the underwater radiated noise of ships will facilitate the development of effective noise control techniques. The acoustic overlapping mesh (AOM) technique, which enables the direct integration of volumetric noise terms in the Lighthill and FWH (Ffowcs Williams and Hawking) acoustic analogies, is a promising way to obtain such a method. In this paper, we improved the AOM technique by extending the overlapping mesh idea to the surface noise terms, further reducing the acoustic computational burden. Meanwhile, three causes for numerical errors of the AOM technique are identified and analyzed theoretically and numerically, leading to preliminary guidelines for choosing the acoustic mesh dimensions. The results suggest that keeping the cell-size-to-wavelength ratio (h/λ) lower than 0.05 avoids a sharp increase of the error from Cause-I, and keeping h/λ lower than 0.005 helps maintain this error less than 1 dB. The errors from the other causes (Cause-II and III) can be maintained less than 1 dB by keeping the distance-to-cell-size ratio (r/h) larger than 7.97. The simulation case also shows that the AOM technique reduces the acoustic computational time by more than 99% and 90% for the total and surface noise, respectively, while maintaining a noise prediction difference of around 1 dB. Using a non-uniform acoustic mesh instead of the uniform one helps achieve a much better with a similar acoustic computational time. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Numerical methods

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Interactive cruise control - creating a different mental model for driving with cruise control

Interactive cruise control - creating a different mental mod...

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12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport systems 2005

作者： Mayser, Christoph BMW Group System Architecture and Design - Driver Assistance Systems 80788 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781604236354

Already established driver assistance systems like Cruise Control or Adaptive Cruise Control are based on the delegation of a part of the driving task to the system. Instead of keeping a suitable speed the driver is just monitoring the correct function of the assistance system. In situations when the system is fulfilling the task in a way the driver doesn't accept she/he has to deactivate it. Adding a new input element the driver gains the possibility to create additional inputs in terms of acceleration or deceleration to the assistance system. This allows the driver to modify the system behavior in different driving situation without deactivating the system. The relationship between driver and system shifts from "delegation" to "co-operation". This paper presents the results of a study regarding the first contact of subjects with an enhanced Adaptive Cruise Control and the impacts on the mental model of these drivers.

关键词： Adaptive cruise control

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Machine learning-based analysis of environmental impact on cycling behavior: A study across multiple Nordic cities

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Travel Behaviour and Society 2025年 41卷

作者： Yang, Xiao Li, Qiumeng. School of Architecture Lund University Skane Lund Sweden Thrust of Urban Governance and Design Society Hub Thrust of Intelligent Transportation System Hub Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China

As global urbanization accelerates, traffic congestion and environmental pollution have become critical issues. Cycling, as a green transportation mode, is essential for promoting sustainable urban development. However, the impact of environmental factors on cycling behavior varies among cities, and systematic comparative studies are lacking. This study focuses on five Nordic cities—Reykjavik, Oslo, Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Helsinki—utilizing multi-source data and an improved NRBO-XGBoost model to enhance predictive performance in analyzing the effects of environmental factors on cycling mobility. Through K-means clustering, differences in cycling mobility patterns among these cities are revealed. The results indicate that topographical variation, green space area, air quality, and road density significantly influence cycling flow, with varying impacts across cities. In Copenhagen and Oslo, high densities of commercial facilities and green space coverage promote cycling activity, whereas complex terrain in Stockholm and Helsinki restricts it. Cluster analysis shows that high traffic network density in the city centers of Oslo and Copenhagen enhances cycling flow, and suburban green spaces and water bodies contribute to increased cycling. Conversely, slopes in Stockholm and Helsinki inhibit cycling activity. These findings equip urban planners with both generalizable and targeted insights to optimize cycling infrastructure and promote sustainable urban mobility tailored to each city's unique environmental conditions. © 2025 Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies

关键词： Cycling Activity Environmental factors Explainable Machine Learning K-means NRBO-XGBoost

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Anchorage of column rebars where column depth greatly reduces and structural wall appears

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AIJ Journal of Technology and design 2009年第29期15卷 143-146页

作者： Hanai, Nobuaki Goto, Yasuaki Ichinose, Toshikatsu Kyushu Sangyo University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Japan Hokkaido University Graduate School of Engineering Division of Human Environmental System Japan Nagoya Institute of Technology Department of Architecture and Design Japan

Experiments were carried out to examine the anchorage of column rebars for RC buildings with pilotis floor where the column depth greatly reduces. All the specimens failed in raking-out before the flexural yielding. It is important to avoid greatly reducing the column depth. When it is unavoidable to reduce the column depth;to transfer the column stresses to other members surely, note that: (1) the depth of beam over the pilotis floor should be as large as the column rebars are developable, (2) the beam bottom should be reinforced longitudinally enough.

关键词： Anchorages (foundations)

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Visualization of disaster recovery process based on a time-series assessment of urban environment

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AIJ Journal of Technology and design 2013年第43期19卷 1011-1016页

作者： Kawakubo, Shun Ikaga, Toshiharu Murakami, Shuzo Dept. of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Design Hosei Univ. Japan Dept. of System Design Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Keio Univ Japan Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation Japan

A time-series assessment of urban environment was carried out by using "CASBEE-City" tool in Kobe city to visualize the disaster recovery process. As a result of the assessment, it was revealed that the score for quality of Kobe city calculated by the tool got drastically worse soon after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. However, the score for quality of Kobe city has gradually recovered after the earthquake and has improved to the current position along with the progress of the reconstruction.

关键词： Time series

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West of Japan/East of Europe: Translating Architectural Legacies and the Case of Bruno Taut’s Hyuga Villa

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Built Heritage 2018年第2期2卷 50-61页

作者： Paolo Scrivano Marco Capitanio Department of Architecture Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina Department of System Design and Engineering Keio UniversityYokohamaJapan

Based on communications presented at the international symposium‘West of Japan/East of Europe’,hosted by the Department of architecture at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in concomitance with the exhibition‘Bruno Taut’s Hyuga Villa in Atami,Japan’,this text discusses the question of cultural translation in architecture departing from the example of Hyuga Villa,realised by Taut in *** the inherently immobile status of architecture,architectural ideas travel widely,as well as their conceivers,the *** cultural passage implicit to translation is never flawless,*** Villa offers a good case in point,since it was conceived by an architect who had only a partial grasp of local culture and who tried to integrate elements of both Western and Japanese *** what are the implications of‘translating’architecture?Can we translate not only words but also images,details,building conventions,even aesthetic sensitivities?And is everything translatable?Applied to an artifact recognised today as an important testimony to the encounter between Western and Eastern design cultures,these questions relate to issues that are central to the debate on both architectural history and built heritage,proposing an alternative approach in terms of method and scope.

关键词： cultural translation Bruno Taut Japan Hyuga Villa emigration professional mobility European architecture Asian architecture heritage

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Quantitative approach for damage detection of reinforced concrete frames

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2003年第1期2卷 147-158页

作者： Yoshio Kaneko Akira Mita Hirozo Mihashi Dept.of Architecture & Building Science Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan Associate Professor Dept.of System Design Engineering Keio UniversityYokohama 223-8522Japan Professor

The objective of this paper is to provide an analytical basis for the quantitative evaluation of damage to a reinforced concrete structure based on the vibration data obtained by using the damage detection technique. A partial reinforced concrete system of a weak beam/strong column moment frame is chosen as an example. A pushover analysis is carried out in order to numerically examine both the story shear-relative displacement characteristics and the associated damage level. In the analysis, a two dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis is employed considering several constitutive models. As a result, the degradation of the stiffness at the damaged story is characterized in association with the story relative displacement. It is also pointed out that the rotation angle of the column-base is highly correlated with the story relative displacement. Based on the analytical findings, quantitative approaches for a structural health monitoring system are suggested considering both the current sensor technologies and those available in the future. Keywords nonlinear FEM analysis - structural health monitoring - reinforced concrete structure - story stiffness - rotation angle of column-base Supported by: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Base Research (c) (1), Research No. 14550555)

关键词： nonlinear FEM analysis structural health monitoring reinforced concrete structure story stiffness rotation angle of column-base

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