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Reliable Code Generation and Test Environment demonstrated on a PI-Controller Design

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第3期49卷 465-470页

作者： Schwarz, M.H. Sheng, H. Üstoglu, I. Chabaan, W. Börcsök, J. Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Germany Control and Automation Engineering Department Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany

This paper focuses on the latest version of a tool developed within the department to guide developer through the various steps of requirements, test-procedures and documentations to finally download the derived algorithm on a safety programmable logic controller (PLC). Requirements on how to develop and how to test software are steadily increasing due to international standards, which have to be obeyed in industries in general, and in the process- and automation industries in particular. A simple model is derived to be used to develop a PI controller that has to pass several steps to be qualified for execution on a PLC. The paper explains the different steps and describes the various problems that might occur. © 2016

关键词： Controllers Accident prevention Reliability Software testing Automated code generation Automation industry International standards P i controller designs PI control Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Simple modeling Test Environment

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A Tool for Reliable Model-based Design For programming Logic Controllers

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第25期46卷 71-76页

作者： M.H. Schwarz H. Sheng W. Chaaban J. Börcsök Dept. Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Kassel Germany Dept. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

This paper presents an automated code generation and validation, verification approach to convert model based developments into IEC 61131-3 conform function blocks. IEC 61131-3 programming languages are supported by PLC manufacturers and software environment developers and provide the possibility that novel and intelligent algorithms can be directly operated on industrial accepted systems. Railway and transportation also receive drastic changes from purely hardware based systems to microcontroller + software driven systems. However, the conversion has to follow certain steps to ensure that the adaptation is done correctly and functionality is not alternated, added or deleted. Concepts suggested by different international standards such as the IEC 61508 can help to derive a tool chain to verify the generated code.

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Different aspects to be considered for safety related development

Different aspects to be considered for safety related develo...

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23rd International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management, COMADEM 2010

作者： Schwarz, M.H. Börcsök, J. Dept. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9784883254194

This paper presents the recent design and development aspects considered within a current project running at the department of computer architecture and system programming. The project "Safety WLAN architectures for safety critical applications related to diagnostic and predictive maintenance possibilities" includes the aspects of diagnostic and predictive maintenance strategies as well as safety related hardware, reliable software design and reliable wireless communication. This paper considers design strategies for the development of reliable, safe sensor systems for process control.

关键词： Software design

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McRT-malloc - A scalable transactional memory allocator 06

McRT-malloc - A scalable transactional memory allocator

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ISMM 2006 - 2006 International Symposium on Memory Management

作者： Hudson, Richard L. Saha, Bratin Adl-Tabatabai, Ali-Reza Hertzberg, Benjamin C. Programming System Lab Microprocessor Technology Lab Intel Corporation Computer Architecture Lab Stanford University Palo Alto CA

ISBN: (纸本)1595932216

Emerging multi-core processors promise to provide an exponentially increasing number of hardware threads with every generation. Applications will need to be highly concurrent to fully use the power of these processors. To enable maximum concurrency, libraries (such as malloc-free packages) would therefore need to use non-blocking algorithms. But lock-free algorithms are notoriously difficult to reason about and inappropriate for average programmers. Transactional memory promises to significantly ease concurrent programming for the average programmer. This paper describes a highly efficient non-blocking malloc/free algorithm that supports memory allocation and deallocation inside transactional code blocks. Thus this paper describes a memory allocator 1 that is suitable for emerging multicore applications, while supporting modem concurrency constructs. This paper makes several novel contributions. It is the first to integrate a software transactional memory system with a malloc/free based memory allocator. We present the first algorithm which ensures that space allocated in an aborted transaction is properly freed and does not lead to a space blowup. Unlike previous lock-free malloc packages, our algorithm avoids atomic operations on typical code paths, making our algorithm substantially more efficient. Copyright © 2006 ACM.

关键词： Storage allocation (computer)

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A new Estimation Method for Automotive Multidimensional Metrics 31st

A new Estimation Method for Automotive Multidimensional Metr...

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31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2021

作者： Krini, Abderrahim Börcsök, Josef Engineering of Reliability and Quality Robert Bosch GmbH Germany Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811820168

In general, failure data is obtained in the automotive industry during the warranty period. If these contain the expression of a service life characteristic for each failure, statements can be made about the reliability and availability of the systems. For this purpose, estimation methods are used to adapt empirical lifetime distributions to theoretical lifetime distributions. By means of the distribution characteristics, a prognosis of the reliability and availability to be expected is also possible beyond the observation time. In addition to the data basis to be investigated, which is available completely in test bench and experimental trials or re-censored in the field, various methods can be used for estimation. In the past, several methods have been used, such as the estimators according to ECKEL [1], Kaplan-Meier [2] or the estimators according to Pauli [3]. In general, a field failure is subject to several stresses, which can be described by expressions of several lifetime characteristics. For this application case, which occurs in the automotive industry, the known estimation methods, [1], [2], [3], cannot be used. In this paper, the necessity of multidimensional estimation methods will be introduced first. Then, a new estimation method for multidimensional metrics is presented. In a further step, mathematical proof is given that the new method can provide realistic results. Finally, two example data sets from bench testing and field are presented. Furthermore, some recommendations for the use of the new method are concretized in this context. © ESREL 2021. Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.

关键词： Reliability

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Efficiency Measurement of Compressed Air Compressors Using High Availability SoC with 1oo2 Redundancy architecture 11

Efficiency Measurement of Compressed Air Compressors Using H...

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11th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Networks, CECNet 2021

作者： Abdelawwad, Mohamed Hahn, Eike Boercsoek, Josef Fairbrother, Julian Al Shahadat, Tarek Otto, Peter ICAS Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany Postberg + Co. GmbH Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781643682402

Compressed air systems are essential components in various industrial and everyday applications. The efficiency of these systems is very important due to their role in the energy consumption of industrial plants. To increase efficiency, a new concept for compressed air compressors based on Industry 4.0 is presented. Due to the aggressive environmental conditions in which the compressed air compressors operate, a new design of a SoC with high availability based on 1oo2 redundancy architecture is developed. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Calculation of PFD-values for a safety related system

Calculation of PFD-values for a safety related system

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European Safety and Reliability Conference 2007, ESREL 2007 - Risk, Reliability and Societal Safety

作者： Börcsök, J. Holub, P. Schwarz, M.H. Dang Pham, N.T. HIMA Paul Hildebrandt GmbH + Co. KG Brühl Germany Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0415447860

The standard IEC/EN61508 provides the developer with guidelines to develop and implement safety related systems according to the international standard. The standard supplies qualitative and quantitative criteria to evaluate safety related systems, in order to apply it in safety critical applications. This paper details the criterion Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD). The authors derive the necessary equations and calculate the PFD-values for different system architectures. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Safety engineering

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A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on demand (PFD) with regard to the standard IEC 61508

A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on deman...

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Wacker, H.D. Ugljesa, E. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Faculty of Electrical Engineering /Computer Science University Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

Let there be given a safety related electronic system suffering from random failures or errors. The standard IEC 61508 contains simplified equations for the probability of failure on demand PFDavg for special system architectures, mostly without proof. In various publications PFDavg is defined by several different equations, e.g. as a Laplacian probability, as an integral mean, or by means of the average failure rate of the system. The aim of the paper is to determine PFDavgby stochastic methods and to bring together the different definitions. A formula for PFDavg is given that is valid for most universal electronic systems. The equivalence of 2 different definitions of PFDavgis shown. The special case of a koon-system is investigated, and the resulting equations improve those known so far. The basic idea is to randomize the time to failure, the down time of the system, as well as the repair time, and then, by means of the Stieltjes-Integral, determine the mean or average time as the expectation of the respective random variable.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Investigation of a safety parameter observer for wireless communication

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2020年 14卷 1005-1005页

作者： Schwarz, Michael H. Gaus, Larissa Börcsök, Josef Dept. Computer architecture and System programming University Kassel Kassel Germany Dept. Computer architecture and system programming Universität Kassel Kassel Germany

This paper investigates the possibilities to monitor the degree of disturbances of a wireless communication and to use this information to calculate online the necessary safety parameters in order to estimate the probability of failure per hour (PFH) and the safety integrity level (SIL). Depending of the degree of disturbances, addition actions are performed with the intention of keeping the current safety level. A hardware set-up is introduced to get process data and to evaluate the results. © 2020, North Atlantic University Union NAUN. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hamming distance

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Improvement, application and verification of a new multivariate forecasting model for real industry related issues 31st

Improvement, application and verification of a new multivari...

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31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2021

作者： Krini, Abderrahim Börcsök, Josef Engineering of Remanufacturing and Quality Robert Bosch GmbH Schwäbisch Gmünd Germany Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811820168

With this work, a research contribution in the field of reliability theory has been made, with which a realistic prognosis of reliability parameters of technical systems can be carried out. The motivation to deal with this topic resulted from the realization that the prognosis quality of established prognosis models must be optimized. An early and realistic prognosis of reliability parameters contributes to the success of a concern, mainly through the early implementation of quality measures. The work focuses on the development of a new multivariate prognosis model, which uses multivariate stress parameters as reference variables. Its application enables the prediction of reliability parameters for electronic control units. The predicted reliability parameters can be specified as stress-dependent (bivariate/multivariate) or time-dependent variables. While univariate reference quantities usually use the time dwell time of a technical system, the prognosis model newly presented here can process multivariate reference quantities. During the time in the field, technical systems are not only exposed to different usage behavior, but also to other stresses and influences that make a not inconsiderable contribution to failure. The use of time in the field as a univariate reference variable does not allow for this differentiated consideration and does not take into account relevant information in the reliability analysis. All existing prediction models have in common that only univariate reference parameters can be processed. For a fully comprehensive reliability analysis, all stress variables that lead to a failure must be considered. This is not sufficiently possible with a simple univariate approach. With the new approaches, it is now possible for the first time to consider different stress variables, their changes and their effects on the technical system under investigation in a field data analysis. The presented approach for the multivariate prognosis model considers i

关键词： Forecasting

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