In this paper, we present a novel polylactic-acid/flax-composite substrate and the implementation of a demonstrator: a microcontroller board based on commercial design. The substrate is developed for printed circuit b...
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In this paper, we present a novel polylactic-acid/flax-composite substrate and the implementation of a demonstrator: a microcontroller board based on commercial design. The substrate is developed for printed circuit board (PCB) applications. The pre-preg is biodegradable, reinforced, and flame-retarded. The novel material was developed to counter the increasing amount of e-waste and to improve the sustainability of the microelectronics sector. The motivation was to present a working circuit in commercial complexity that can be implemented on a rigid substrate made of natural, bio-based materials with a structure very similar to the widely used Flame Retardant Class 4 (FR4) substrate at an early technological readiness level (2-3). The circuit design is based on the arduino Nano open-source microcontroller board design so that the demonstration could be programmable and easy to fit into education, IoT applications, and embedded designs. During the work, the design was optimized at the level of layout. The copper-clad pre-preg was then prepared and processed with subtractive printed wiring technology and through hole plating. The traditional surface mounting methodology was applied for assembly. The resulting yield of PCB production was around 50%. Signal analysis was successful with analogue data acquisition (voltage) and low-frequency (4 kHz) tests, indistinguishable from sample FR4 boards. Eventually, the samples were subjected to highly accelerated stress test (HAST). HAST tests revealed limitations compared to traditional FR4 printed circuit materials. After six cycles, the weight loss was around 30% in the case of PLA/Flax, and as three-point bending tests showed, the possible ultimate strength (25 MPa at a flexural state) was reduced by 80%. Finally, the sustainability aspect was assessed, where we found that similar to 95 vol% and similar to 90 wt% of the traditional substrate can be substituted, significantly easing the load of waste on the environment.
The researchers in the DESIRE4EU project propose the use of an eco-optimized PLA/Flax-based PCB manufacturing substrate that could be recycled or degraded after use due to the organic, biodegradable nature of the mate...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350378290;9798350378283
The researchers in the DESIRE4EU project propose the use of an eco-optimized PLA/Flax-based PCB manufacturing substrate that could be recycled or degraded after use due to the organic, biodegradable nature of the material. However, having a biodegradable PCB is not enough, as we need to rethink electronics design to better fit specific use cases, avoiding a one-size-fits-all philosophy. This paper includes a set of learned lessons in the form of design guidelines extracted from the experience of a small-scale manufacturing of a set of biodegradable microcontroller boards. These lessons outline contemporary technical limitations of biodegradable PCBs, which the authors trust will be overcome during the development of the mentioned EU project by 2027. This should be a first step towards reducing e-waste in the not-so-far future. This positioning paper states that, in the current ecological crisis, the different engineering communities need to rethink their priorities in order to produce ecology-friendly innovations by keeping concepts such as just enough computing and eco-optimization in mind. In particular, when talking about the TinyML community, we suggest carefully considering the hardware's limiting factors presented by computational power, or radio communication when designing new Edge devices so that they could use 2-layers biodegradable PCBs. In parallel to the hardware discussion, the authors bring up issues emerging from using bloated inference software production workflows, which have a very direct impact in the ecology due to the computation power needed for embedded machine learning software production. This paper suggests the adoption of on-device training to minimize the energy consumption and dependance on connected toolchains during programming.
This paper introduces the experiments realized by arduino Education in the field of educational robotics. The paper, written as a collection of annotated exemplars, covers a series of prototypes, kits, and full educat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030181413;9783030181406
This paper introduces the experiments realized by arduino Education in the field of educational robotics. The paper, written as a collection of annotated exemplars, covers a series of prototypes, kits, and full educational programmes which were tested with students of different ages and educators. Some projects are of a do-it-yourself (DIY) nature, a property we came to describe as DIY-ness, while some others have been manufactured and served to tens of thousands of students. There are however things in common that can help others in the conceptualization, development, and deployment of educational robotics initiatives.
The researchers in the DESIRE4EU project propose the use of an eco-optimized PLA/Flax-based PCB manufacturing substrate that could be recycled or degraded after use due to the organic, biodegradable nature of the mate...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350378283
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350378290
The researchers in the DESIRE4EU project propose the use of an eco-optimized PLA/Flax-based PCB manufacturing substrate that could be recycled or degraded after use due to the organic, biodegradable nature of the material. However, having a biodegradable PCB is not enough, as we need to rethink electronics design to better fit specific use cases, avoiding a one-size-fits-all philosophy. This paper includes a set of learned lessons in the form of design guidelines extracted from the experience of a small-scale manufacturing of a set of biodegradable microcontroller boards. These lessons outline contemporary technical limitations of biodegradable PCBs, which the authors trust will be overcome during the development of the mentioned EU project by 2027. This should be a first step towards reducing e-waste in the not-so-far future. This positioning paper states that, in the current ecological crisis, the different engineering communities need to rethink their priorities in order to produce ecology-friendly innovations by keeping concepts such as just enough computing and ecooptimization in mind. In particular, when talking about the TinyML community, we suggest carefully considering the hardware's limiting factors presented by computational power, or radio communication when designing new Edge devices so that they could use 2-layers biodegradable PCBs. In parallel to the hardware discussion, the authors bring up issues emerging from using bloated inference software production workflows, which have a very direct impact in the ecology due to the computation power needed for embedded machine learning software production. This paper suggests the adoption of ondevice training to minimize the energy consumption and dependance on connected toolchains during programming.
Physical computing toolkits have long been used in educational contexts to learn about computational concepts by engaging in the making of interactive projects. This paper presents a comprehensive toolkit that can hel...
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Introducing physical computing into regular school classes is challenged by constraints of schedules and curricula structures, which do not allow for time-consuming electronics prototyping. We present a novel approach...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450343138
Introducing physical computing into regular school classes is challenged by constraints of schedules and curricula structures, which do not allow for time-consuming electronics prototyping. We present a novel approach to prototyping with physical computing components with the arduino-based TALKOO kit: It comprises hardware modules, a visual IDE and prototyping material. Sensor and actuator modules are pluggable and do not require soldering and prior knowledge in electronics. The components have the ability to "talk" back to the visual IDE and to a learning analytics system. A new paradigm for visual programming maps physical modules onto virtual representations on screen making programming more intuitive. The TALKOO kit expands the field of application of physical computing for children in regular school contexts. Preliminary evaluation results show that children were able to build elaborative prototypes within an hour.
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