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Formal Verification of Data Modifications in Cloud Block Storage Based on Separation Logic

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 112-127页

作者： Bowen ZHANG Zhao JIN Hanpin WANG Yongzhi CAO Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (MOE) School of Computer Science Peking University School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering Guangzhou University

Cloud storage is now widely used, but its reliability has always been a major concern. Cloud block storage(CBS) is a famous type of cloud storage. It has the closest architecture to the underlying storage and can provide interfaces for other types. Data modifications in CBS have potential risks such as null reference or data *** verification of these operations can improve the reliability of CBS to some extent. Although separation logic is a mainstream approach to verifying program correctness, the complex architecture of CBS creates some challenges for verifications. This paper develops a proof system based on separation logic for verifying the CBS data modifications. The proof system can represent the CBS architecture, describe the properties of the CBS system state, and specify the behavior of CBS data modifications. Using the interactive verification approach from Coq, the proof system is implemented as a verification tool. With this tool, the paper builds machine-checked proofs for the functional correctness of CBS data modifications. This work can thus analyze the reliability of cloud storage from a formal perspective.

关键词： Formal verification Separation logic Cloud block storage Verification tool Coq

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BeGrading: large language models for enhanced feedback in programming education

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第2期37卷 1027-1040页

作者： Yousef, Mina Mohamed, Kareem Medhat, Walaa Mohamed, Ensaf Hussein Khoriba, Ghada Arafa, Tamer Center for Informatics Science School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Helwan University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha Egypt

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have gained significant traction across various domains, including education. This paper explores the application of LLMs in grading programming assignments. By leveraging data collected from existing programming assignments and their corresponding grades, we aim to develop a robust LLM-based grading system. We also incorporate augmented data representing various grading scenarios to enhance the model’s performance and ensure comprehensive coverage across all grading levels. Our approach involves training the LLM on this combined dataset to enable accurate and consistent evaluation of programming assignments. The proposed model, BeGrading, aims to reduce the grading burden on educators and provide timely and objective feedback to students. Compared to the Codestral model, our proposed model demonstrates an absolute difference rate of 19%, equivalent to ±0.95 out of 5. This is acceptable for using a small, fine-tuned model with optimized data. Additionally, the Codestral model compared to the dataset optimized score shows a difference of 15% equivalent to a margin of ±0.75 out of 5. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of LLMs to perform grading tasks with a high degree of reliability, opening avenues for further research and practical applications in automated education systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Learner Phase of Partial Reinforcement Optimizer with Nelder-Mead Simplex for Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Models

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第6期21卷 3041-3075页

作者： Jinpeng Huang Zhennao Cai Ali Asghar Heidari Lei Liu Huiling Chen Guoxi Liang Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehran***Iran College of Computer Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065SichuanChina Department of Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou PolytechnicWenzhou325035China

This paper proposes an improved version of the Partial Reinforcement Optimizer(PRO),termed *** LNPRO has undergone a learner phase,which allows for further communication of information among the PRO population,changing the state of the PRO in terms of ***,the Nelder-Mead simplex is used to optimize the best agent in the population,accelerating the convergence speed and improving the accuracy of the PRO *** comparing LNPRO with nine advanced algorithms in the IEEE CEC 2022 benchmark function,the convergence accuracy of the LNPRO has been *** accuracy and stability of simulated data and real data in the parameter extraction of PV systems are *** to the PRO,the precision and stability of LNPRO have indeed been enhanced in four types of photovoltaic components,and it is also superior to other excellent *** further verify the parameter extraction problem of LNPRO in complex environments,LNPRO has been applied to three types of manufacturer data,demonstrating excellent results under varying irradiation and *** summary,LNPRO holds immense potential in solving the parameter extraction problems in PV systems.

关键词： Partial reinforcement optimizer Learner phase Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm Parameter extraction

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Efficient Multimodal Selection for Retrieval in Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年第6期35卷 5195-5207页

作者： Luo, Linyin Lai, Hanjiang Pan, Yan Yin, Jian Sun Yat-Sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering China School of Artificial Intelligence China

Retrieval plays an important role in knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA), which relies on external knowledge to answer questions related to an image. However, not all information in the external knowledge is beneficial in retrieval, e.g., the knowledge that is only semantically similar to the query but is not useful for question answering. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval, in this paper, we propose efficient multimodal selection to filter out irrelevant information and increase the retriever performance for KB-VQA. First, to exclude most irrelevant knowledge from the large external knowledge, multimodal selection uses a query-aware sample selection method, which uses the pretrained answer generator's prediction to obtain better positive and negative training samples to help retrievers distinguish knowledge that is semantically relevant to the multimodal query. Then, question-aware visual feature selection is proposed to select the distinguishable visual information related to the question: where cross-attention to questions and images is proposed to obtain question-aware visual features. These visual features are used to perform fine-grained multimodal retrieval within the small set to obtain the final top-related knowledge. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art retrieval performance on the OK-VQA and FVQA datasets, indicating the effectiveness of our selection strategy for retrieval. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Question answering

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MCI-GAN: a novel GAN with identity blocks inspired by menstrual cycle behavior for missing pixel imputation

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第16期37卷 9669-9703页

作者： Marie, Hanaa Salem Elbaz, Mostafa Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa35712 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Informatics Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt

This paper presents MCI-GAN, a novel menstrual cycle imputation (MCI) and generative adversarial network (GAN) framework designed to address the challenge of missing pixel imputation in medical images. Inspired by the intelligent behavior of the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle, our method introduces four key innovations. First, we propose a novel metaheuristic algorithm that assigns weights to surround pixels based on menstrual cycle behavior, ensuring that the imputed pixels maintain structural integrity and coherence with their neighbors, thus preserving overall image quality. Second, to enhance the learning capability of the GAN, identity blocks are integrated into the network architecture, improving the network’s ability to capture complex spatial relationships and leading to more accurate and consistent imputation of missing pixels. Third, we introduce an adaptive loss function that dynamically adjusts the penalty for pixel discrepancies based on local image context, allowing the model to focus on areas where accurate imputation is most critical and thereby enhancing overall image fidelity. Fourth, the framework incorporates a multi-scale feature extraction mechanism, enabling the GAN to process and combine information at various levels of detail, ensuring that both fine-grained textures and larger structural patterns are accurately captured during the imputation process. The efficacy of MCI-GAN is demonstrated across three diverse medical imaging datasets: mammograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and skin lesion images. Our results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy and structural coherence, offering a robust solution for missing pixel imputation in medical imaging. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Recent metaheuristic algorithms for medical object localization using MSER detector in computer-aided diagnosis system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14433-14487页

作者： Ait Mehdi, Mohamed Belattar, Khadidja Souami, Feryel Faculty of Computer Science Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department Laboratory for Research in Artificial Intelligence University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene BP 32 El-Alia Algiers Bab-Ezzouar16111 Algeria Department of Computer Science University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda Algiers16000 Algeria

Object localization is a critical task in image analysis, often facilitated by artificial intelligence techniques. While the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detection algorithm is a popular choice for local detection, its exhaustive approaches can be algorithmically complex and prone to suboptimal results with improper parameter selection. Various metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed for medical object localization to address this. In this context, four contributions are presented. Firstly, recent metaheuristics, including the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA), Heap-based Optimizer (HBO), and Gradient-based Optimizer (GBO), are adapted to tackle the MSER localization problem. These algorithms are rigorously evaluated across diverse medical image datasets using multiple metrics, with their performance statistically validated through the Friedman mean rank test. The second contribution introduces a novel objective function to improve the localization process. The third contribution involves a comparative analysis of the recent algorithms against seven standard metaheuristics specifically designed for MSER localization. Lastly, we present an improved computer-aided diagnosis system that integrates an SVM-based model with Local Binary Patterns (LBP) descriptors extracted from each MSER alongside DenseNet-121 features. Experimental results demonstrate that the HBO and SMA optimizers outperform conventional algorithms, showing a higher diversity, improved exploitation and exploration capabilities, a well-balanced exploration-exploitation trade-off, elevated fitness values, faster convergence speeds, and enhanced computational efficiency. Additionally, we integrate these findings into an improved computer-aided diagnosis system, yielding classification results surpassing state-of-the-art models. These findings highlight the potential advantages of this approach, especially in object detection applications. © The Author(s), under

关键词： Object detection

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Topological search and gradient descent boosted Runge-Kutta optimiser with application to engineering design and feature selection

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CAAI Transactions on intelligence Technology 2025年第2期10卷 557-614页

作者： Jinge Shi Yi Chen Ali Asghar Heidari Zhennao Cai Huiling Chen Guoxi Liang Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Department of Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou PolytechnicWenzhouChina

The Runge-Kutta optimiser(RUN)algorithm,renowned for its powerful optimisation capabilities,faces challenges in dealing with increasing complexity in real-world ***,it shows deficiencies in terms of limited local exploration capabilities and less precise ***,this research aims to integrate the topological search(TS)mechanism with the gradient search rule(GSR)into the framework of RUN,introducing an enhanced algorithm called TGRUN to improve the performance of the original *** TS mechanism employs a circular topological scheme to conduct a thorough exploration of solution regions surrounding each solution,enabling a careful examination of valuable solution areas and enhancing the algorithm’s effectiveness in local *** prevent the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima,the GSR also integrates gradient descent principles to direct the algorithm in a wider investigation of the global solution *** study conducted a serious of experiments on the IEEE CEC2017 comprehensive benchmark function to assess the enhanced effectiveness of ***,the evaluation includes real-world engineering design and feature selection problems serving as an additional test for assessing the optimisation capabilities of the *** validation outcomes indicate a significant improvement in the optimisation capabilities and solution accuracy of TGRUN.

关键词： engineering design gradient search rule metaheuristic algorithm Runge-Kutta optimizer topological search

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Electronic Waste Management Using Smart Contracts on the Blockchain Platform

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SN computer science 2024年第7期5卷 1-30页

作者： Rafiee, Azam Feyzi, Farid Shahbahrami, Asadollah Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Guilan Rasht Iran Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Nowadays, electronic waste is no longer considered ordinary waste;instead, it is recognized as valuable and hazardous waste containing significant amounts of precious metals. Therefore, it should not be disposed of illegally in any location. Traditional processes for managing electronic waste may not be suitable for the industry's future needs due to environmental pollution, high costs, and low efficiency. Consequently, the management of electronic waste has become a necessity in today's world. This research focuses on utilizing smart contracts to establish stable and regular waste management processes and activities. The proposed method encompasses all steps involved in waste management, including collection, separation, routing, transportation, destruction, and recycling. These steps are managed within a blockchain platform and under a smart contract. To simulate and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, colored petri nets (CPNs) have been employed. The results demonstrate that the presented approach establishes a balanced situation in terms of reliability, response time, and availability parameters when providing services to customers within the context of a smart city. These results are achieved through various steps such as registration, authentication, interaction, routing, and checking the capacity of smart bins. The utilization of blockchain technology and smart contracts ensures transparency, efficiency, and accountability throughout the waste management process. The use of CPNs for simulation and evaluation further validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving reliable and timely waste management services in a smart city environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Blockchain Electronic waste Petri net Smart contract

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Task offloading delay minimization in vehicular edge computing based on vehicle trajectory prediction

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 537-546页

作者： Feng Zeng Zheng Zhang Jinsong Wu School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China School of Artificial Intelligence Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541000China The Department of Computer Science Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile

In task offloading,the movement of vehicles causes the switching of connected RSUs and servers,which may lead to task offloading failure or high service *** this paper,we analyze the impact of vehicle movements on task offloading and reveal that data preparation time for task execution can be minimized via forward-looking ***,a Bi-LSTM-based model is proposed to predict the trajectories of *** service area is divided into several equal-sized *** the actual position of the vehicle and the predicted position by the model belong to the same grid,the prediction is considered correct,thereby reducing the difficulty of vehicle trajectory ***,we propose a scheduling strategy for delay optimization based on the vehicle trajectory *** the inevitable prediction error,we take some edge servers around the predicted area as candidate execution servers and the data required for task execution are backed up to these candidate servers,thereby reducing the impact of prediction deviations on task offloading and converting the modest increase of resource overheads into delay reduction in task *** results show that,compared with other classical schemes,the proposed strategy has lower average task offloading delays.

关键词： Vehicular edge computing Task offloading Vehicle trajectory prediction Delay minimization Bi-LSTM model

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Job Resumes Recommendation using Integration of Fuzzy Discernibility Matrix Feature Selection and Convolutional Neural Network Multi-label Text Classification

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第13期49卷 49-58页

作者： Hayami, Regiolina Yusoff, Nooraini Daud, Kauthar Mohd Fatma, Yulia Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty Computer Science Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau Indonesia Faculty of Data Science and Computing Universiti Malaysia Kelantan 16100 Malaysia Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Malaysia

The manual analysis of job resumes poses specific challenges, including the time-intensive process and the high likelihood of human error, emphasizing the need for automation in content-based recommendations. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for Multi-label Text Classification (MLTC), offer a promising solution for addressing these challenges through artificial intelligence. While CNN is renowned for its robust feature extraction capabilities, it faces specific challenges such as managing high-dimensional data and poor data interpretability. To address these limitations, this study employs the Fuzzy Discernibility Matrix (FDM) feature selection technique to determine the relevance of skills for each job vacancy. FDM assigns weights to the features of each job category and ranks their relevance based on the highest scores, which are then utilized in the MLTC CNN model. The integration of FDM and MLTC CNN serves as the foundation for generating content-based recommendations derived from key features in job resumes. This study produces a content-based job recommendation system that displays the top three job categories, accompanied by explanations of the skills supporting each selected category. These recommendations also consider cosine similarity values between analyzed items and the integrated results of FDM and MLTC CNN. The application of FDM for feature weighting has been proven to enhance multi-label text classification outcomes by providing better insights during the feature selection process. With a recall of 97.26%, precision of 94.81%, and accuracy of 98.58%, the MLTC model integrating FDM feature selection and CNN demonstrates robust performance characteristics in content-based job recommendation tasks. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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