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9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2021

作者： Lurz, Konstantin-Klemens Bashiri, Mohammad Willeke, Konstantin Jagadish, Akshay K. Wang, Eric Walker, Edgar Y. Cadena, Santiago A. Muhammad, Taliah Cobos, Erick Tolias, Andreas S. Ecker, Alexander S. Sinz, Fabian H. Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics University of Tübingen Germany International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems Tübingen Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience University of Tübingen Germany Department for Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States Department of Computer Science Campus Institute Data Science University of Göttingen Germany

Deep neural networks (DNN) have set new standards at predicting responses of neural populations to visual input. Most such DNNs consist of a convolutional network (core) shared across all neurons which learns a representation of neural computation in visual cortex and a neuron-specific readout that linearly combines the relevant features in this representation. The goal of this paper is to test whether such a representation is indeed generally characteristic for visual cortex, i.e. generalizes between animals of a species, and what factors contribute to obtaining such a generalizing core. To push all non-linear computations into the core where the generalizing cortical features should be learned, we devise a novel readout that reduces the number of parameters per neuron in the readout by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the previous state-of-the-art. It does so by taking advantage of retinotopy and learns a Gaussian distribution over the neuron's receptive field position. With this new readout we train our network on neural responses from mouse primary visual cortex (V1) and obtain a gain in performance of 7% compared to the previous state-of-the-art network. We then investigate whether the convolutional core indeed captures general cortical features by using the core in transfer learning to a different animal. When transferring a core trained on thousands of neurons from various animals and scans we exceed the performance of training directly on that animal by 12%, and outperform a commonly used VGG16 core pre-trained on imagenet by 33%. In addition, transfer learning with our data-driven core is more data-efficient than direct training, achieving the same performance with only 40% of the data. Our model with its novel readout thus sets a new state-of-the-art for neural response prediction in mouse visual cortex from natural images, generalizes between animals, and captures better characteristic cortical features than current task-driven pre-training appro

关键词： Neurons

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Temporal networks provide a unifying understanding of the evolution of cooperation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Aming Meng, Yao Zhou, Lei Masuda, Naoki Wang, Long Center for Systems and Control College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Center for Multi-Agent Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260 United States

Understanding the evolution of cooperation in structured populations represented by networks is a problem of long research interest, and a most fundamental and widespread property of social networks related to cooperation phenomena is that the node’s degree (i.e., number of edges connected to the node) is heterogeneously distributed. Previous results indicate that static heterogeneous (i.e., degree-heterogeneous) networks promote cooperation in stationarity compared to static regular (i.e., degree-homogeneous) networks if equilibrium dynamics starting from many cooperators and defectors is employed. However, the above conclusion reverses if we employ non-equilibrium stochastic processes to measure the fixation probability for cooperation, i.e., the probability that a single cooperator successfully invades a population. Here we resolve this conundrum by analyzing the fixation of cooperation on temporal (i.e., time-varying) networks. We theoretically prove and numerically confirm that on both synthetic and empirical networks, contrary to the case of static networks, temporal heterogeneous networks can promote cooperation more than temporal regular networks in terms of the fixation probability of cooperation. Given that the same conclusion is known for the equilibrium fraction of cooperators on temporal networks, the present results provide a unified understanding of the effect of temporal degree heterogeneity on promoting cooperation across two main analytical frameworks, i.e., equilibrium and non-equilibrium ones. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heterogeneous networks

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Imitation dynamics on networks with incomplete information

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Xiaochen Zhou, Lei McAvoy, Alex Li, Aming Center for Systems and Control College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Data Science and Society University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Center for Multi-Agent Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University Beijing100871 China

Imitation is an important learning heuristic in animal and human societies. Previous explorations report that the fate of individuals with cooperative strategies is sensitive to the protocol of imitation, leading to a conundrum about how different styles of imitation quantitatively impact the evolution of cooperation. Here, we take a different perspective on the personal and external social information required by imitation. We develop a general model of imitation dynamics with incomplete information in networked systems, which unifies classical update rules including the death-birth and pairwise-comparison rule on complex networks. Under pairwise interactions, we find that collective cooperation is most promoted if individuals neglect personal information. If personal information is considered, cooperators evolve more readily with more external information. Intriguingly, when interactions take place in groups on networks with low degrees of clustering, using more personal and less external information better facilitates cooperation. Our unifying perspective uncovers intuition by examining the rate and range of competition induced by different information situations. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Complex networks

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Requirement of Production Simulation of DC Distribution Network Containing High Renewable Energy

Requirement of Production Simulation of DC Distribution Netw...

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Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC)

作者： Man Li Yi Zhang Yan Li Xiaoxue Li Bo Fan Lifeng Li Yanmei Li Yuan Hu Testing Department National Research Center for Rehabilitation and Technical Aids Beijing China Big Data Department China Academy of Industrial Internet Beijing China Artificial Intelligence Department China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China General Manager of Key Account Division Beijing Aerospace Data Stock Company Beijing China General Headquarters Chengdu Aerospace Science & Industry Big Data Institute Ltd chengdu China AI Application Research Department National Research Center for Rehabilitation and Technical Aids Beijing China Business Department Kunlun Digital Technology Co. Ltd Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665465373

Renewable energy power generation connected to the DC distribution network, converter station capacity, renewable energy installed capacity and renewable energy operation mode are the primary factors that affect the maximum consumption of renewable energy. Unreasonable converter station capacity and renewable energy installed capacity planning and configuration will result in excessive renewable energy installed capacity, resulting in abandonment of wind and light, or too small installed capacity to make the converter station with full using. The renewable energy power generation operation mode strategy directly affects the DC distribution network transmission capacity and the regulation capacity of the energy storage station, which in turn affects the consumption of renewable energy power generation. The paper studies relevant time series modeling methods of wind and PV power generation, and proposes the technical requirements for optimizing the power generation operation mode considering the hybrid of multiple types of renewable energy and the DC distribution network, so as to achieve maximum consumption renewable energy, and to ensure that the power of renewable energy can be “controlled and consumed’', and ultimately ensure the stable operation and safe of renewable energy and the DC distribution network. The paper results will provide support for the future planning of the local consumption of a high proportion of renewable energy, and will effectively guide the planning and design of renewable energy and DC distribution networks.

关键词： Wind energy generation Technical requirements Renewable energy sources Time series analysis Distribution networks Production Wind power generation

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A Rapid Detection Method of Sewing Stitch Defects Based on Machine Vision

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zheng, Xiaohu Chen, Yufan Xu, Xiuliang Liu, Bing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Donghua University Shanghai201620 China Shanghai Industrial Big Data and Intelligent Systems Engineering Technology Center Shanghai201620 China College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai201620 China Hangzhou Zhongfu Technology&Innovation Research Institute Co. Ltd Shanghai201620 China Precise Machinery Scientific & Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai201599 China

In order to solve the problem of motion blur caused by sewing speed, an image DeblurGAN-BSV3 algorithm is proposed. Firstly, different attention fusion mechanisms are introduced to achieve accurate extraction of image features. Secondly, the depth-separable convolution of the trunk network is replaced by blueprint convolution to ensure the processing speed of the detection algorithm and the clarity of the output image. In order to solve the difficulty of rapid detection of pin defects, a student-teacher feature pyramid matching method was proposed. Firstly, the abnormal region interpretation technology was used to explicitly visualize the defect area of the identified abnormal instances, and then the abnormal detection score was performed on the detected images to make good judgment. The experimental results show that the combination of the above two methods has a good ability for rapid defect detection. Rapid detection of common pin defects is realized. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer vision

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Cloud-Magnetic Resonance Imaging System: In the Era of 6G and artificial intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Yirong Wu, Yanhuang Su, Yuhan Li, Jing Cai, Jianyun You, Yongfu Guo, Di Qu, Xiaobo The Department of Electronic Science Biomedical Intelligent Cloud R&D Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Xiamen361104 China The Department of Electronic Science Key Laboratory of Digital Fujian on IoT Communication Architecture and Safety Technology Xiamen University Xiamen361104 China Shanghai Electric Group CO. LTD Shanghai200001 China China Telecom Group Quanzhou362000 China China Mobile Group Xiamen361005 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center for Medical Data Mining and Application Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in medical diagnosis, generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals. This voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth and extensive storage infrastructure. Additionally, local data processing demands substantial manpower and hardware investments. data isolation across different healthcare institutions hinders cross-institutional collaboration in clinics and research. In this work, we anticipate an innovative MRI system and its four generations that integrate emerging distributed cloud computing, 6G bandwidth, edge computing, federated learning, and blockchain technology. This system is called Cloud-MRI, aiming at solving the problems of MRI data storage security, transmission speed, AI algorithm maintenance, hardware upgrading, and collaborative work. The workflow commences with the transformation of k-space raw data into the standardized Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Raw data (ISMRMRD) format. Then, the data are uploaded to the cloud or edge nodes for fast image reconstruction, neural network training, and automatic analysis. Then, the outcomes are seamlessly transmitted to clinics or research institutes for diagnosis and other services. The Cloud-MRI system will save the raw imaging data, reduce the risk of data loss, facilitate inter-institutional medical collaboration, and finally improve diagnostic accuracy and work efficiency. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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artificial intelligence in gastric cancer:applications and challenges

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 227-242页

作者： Runnan Cao Lei Tang Mengjie Fang Lianzhen Zhong Siwen Wang Lixin Gong Jiazheng Li Di Dong Jie Tian School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imagingthe State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex SystemsInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing) Radiology DepartmentPeking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijingP.R.China College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering School Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningP.R.China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingP.R.China Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’anShaanxiP.R.China

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors with high *** diagnosis and treatment decisions for GC rely heavily on human experts’careful judgments on medical ***,the improvement of the accuracy is hindered by imaging conditions,limited experience,objective criteria,and inter-observer ***,the developments of machine learning,especially deep-learning algorithms,have been facilitating computers to extract more information from data *** are exploring the far-reaching applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in various clinical practices,including ***,we aim to provide a broad framework to summarize current research on AI in *** the screening of GC,AI can identify precancerous diseases and assist in early cancer detection with endoscopic examination and pathological *** the diagnosis of GC,AI can support tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging and subtype *** treatment decisions,AI can help with surgical margin determination and prognosis ***,current approaches are challenged by data scarcity and poor *** tackle these problems,more regulated data,unified processing procedures,and advanced algorithms are urgently needed to build more accurate and robust AI models for GC.

关键词： gastric cancer artificial intelligence radiomics endoscopy computed tomography pathology

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Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire Detection System for Smart Buildings

Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire D...

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Telecommunications and Intelligent systems (ICTIS), International Conference on

作者： Mohamed Rafik Aymene Berkani Ammar Chouchane Yassine Himeur Anes Abdennebi Seref Sagiroglu Abbes Amira Research Laboratory in Advanced Electronics Systems (LSEA) University Yahia Fares of Medea Medea Algeria Laboratory of LI3C University Biskra University Center of Barika Barika Algeria College of Engineering and Information Technology University of Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Software and Information Technology Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure Montréal Canada Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics Security R&D Center Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9798331527396

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527402

Ensuring safety in smart buildings is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of smoke and fire hazards in modern environments. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving FL approach based on a CNN1D for smoke and fire detection in smart buildings. Our system integrates data from wearable environmental sensors to train a lightweight, edge-deployable DL-CNN1D model, ensuring data privacy while enabling collaborative learning across distributed clients using Federated Averaging (FedAvg) aggregation. Experiments conducted on a comprehensive air measurement dataset for smoke and fire detection demonstrate exceptional performance, with the global model achieving 99.97% accuracy, 99.96% precision, in smoke and fire recognition. Our model demonstrates a low communication cost of 0.4 MB, underscoring its efficiency for real-time applications. Our FL-based approach represents a significant step towards balancing the need for robust safety systems with growing privacy concerns in smart building environments.

关键词： Privacy Smart buildings Costs Federated learning Atmospheric modeling data models Convolutional neural networks Wearable sensors Monitoring Intelligent sensors

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Dual Prototypes Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yue, Tianai Xu, Rongtao Wu, Jingqian Yang, Wenjie Du, Shide Wang, Changwei Johns Hopkins University Baltimore21218 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong College of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan250014 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250014 China

Semi-supervised techniques for medical image segmentation have demonstrated potential, effectively training models using scarce labeled data alongside a wealth of unlabeled data. Therefore, semi-supervised medical image segmentation is one of the key issues in engineering applications of medical artificial intelligence. Consistency constraints based on prototype alignment provide an intuitively sensible way to discover valuable insights from unlabeled data that can motivate segmentation performance. In this work, we propose a dual prototypes contrastive network (DPC-Net) to motivate semi-supervised medical segmentation accuracy by imposing image-level global prototype constraints and pixel-level local prototype constraints. First, we introduce a Background-Separation Global Prototype Contrastive Learning technique that utilizes the natural mutual exclusivity of foreground and background to separate the inter-class distances and encourage the segmentation network to obtain segmentation results that are more complete and do not contain background regions. Second, we design a Cross-Consistent Local Prototype Contrastive Learning techniques to extend the perturbation consistency of the two networks to the prototype's localized response to the feature map, thereby shaping a more stable intra-class prototype space and producing accurate and robust pixel-level predictions. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate our method on mainstream semi-supervised medical image segmentation benchmarks and settings, and experimental results show that our DPC-Net outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Generative artificial intelligence in Medicine

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Rui Ning, Yilin Keppo, Emilia Liu, Mingxuan Hong, Chuan Bitterman, Danielle S. Ong, Jasmine Chiat Ling Ting, Daniel Shu Wei Liu, Nan Center for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Faculty of Arts and Science University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University DurhamNC United States Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Division of Pharmacy Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Center Singapore Singapore Byers Eye Institute Stanford University StanfordCA United States Program in Health Services and Systems Research Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has brought revolutionary innovations in various fields, including medicine. However, it also exhibits limitations. In response, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides a potential solution, enabling models to generate more accurate contents by leveraging the retrieval of external knowledge. With the rapid advancement of generative AI, RAG can pave the way for connecting this transformative technology with medical applications and is expected to bring innovations in equity, reliability, and personalization to health care. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Medical applications

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