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arXiv 2019年

作者： Baldassi, Carlo Malatesta, Enrico M. Zecchina, Riccardo Artificial Intelligence Lab Institute for Data Science and Analytics Bocconi University Milano Italy

Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) have become the main model for the neural units in current deep learning systems. This choice has been originally suggested as a way to compensate for the so called vanishing gradient problem which can undercut stochastic gradient descent (SGD) learning in networks composed of multiple layers. Here we provide analytical results on the effects of ReLUs on the capacity and on the geometrical landscape of the solution space in two-layer neural networks with either binary or real-valued weights. We study the problem of storing an extensive number of random patterns and find that, quite unexpectedly, the capacity of the network remains finite as the number of neurons in the hidden layer increases, at odds with the case of threshold units in which the capacity diverges. Possibly more important, a large deviation approach allows us to find that the geometrical landscape of the solution space has a peculiar structure: While the majority of solutions are close in distance but still isolated, there exist rare regions of solutions which are much more dense than the similar ones in the case of threshold units. These solutions are robust to perturbations of the weights and can tolerate large perturbations of the inputs. The analytical results are corroborated by numerical findings. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multilayer neural networks

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Cognitive Skill Enhancement System Using Neuro-Feedback for ADHD Patients

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2363-2376页

作者： Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan Zubaira Naz Javeria Khan Tanzila Saba Ibrahim Abunadi Amjad Rehman Usman Tariq Al-khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54890Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54890Pakistan Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab CCIS Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia

The National Health Interview Survey(NHIS)shows that there are 13.2%of children at the age of 11 to 17 who are suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD),*** treatment methods for ADHD are either psycho-stimulant medications or cognitive *** traditional methods,namely therapy,need a large number of visits to hospitals and include *** could be used for the effective treatment of *** could be a helpful tool in improving children and ADHD patients’cognitive skills by using Brain–Computer Interfaces(BCI).BCI enables the user to interact with the computer through brain activity using Electroencephalography(EEG),which can be used to control different computer applications by processing acquired brain *** paper proposes a system based on neurofeedback that can improve cognitive skills such as attention level,mediation level,and spatial *** proposed system consists of a puzzle game where its complexity increases with each *** signals were acquired using the Neurosky headset;then sent the signals to the designed gaming *** neurofeedback system was tested on 10 different subjects,and their performance was calculated using different evaluation *** results show that this game improves player overall performance from 74%to 98%by playing each game level.

关键词： Neurogaming brain-computer interface attention deficit hyperactivity disorder electroencephalography spatial memory cognitive skills attention level

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Densely Convolutional BU-NET Framework for Breast Multi-Organ Cancer Nuclei Segmentation through Histopathological Slides and Classification Using Optimized Features

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第12期141卷 2375-2397页

作者： Amjad Rehman Muhammad Mujahid Robertas Damasevicius Faten S.Alamri Tanzila Saba Artificial Intelligence&Data Analytics Lab College of Computer&Information Sciences(CCIS)Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Centre of Real Time Computer Systems Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunasLT-51386Lithuania Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

This study aims to develop a computational pathology approach that can properly detect and distinguish histology *** is crucial for histopathological image analysis,as it involves segmenting cell ***,challenges exist,such as determining the boundary region of normal and deformed nuclei and identifying small,irregular nuclei *** learning approaches are currently dominant in digital pathology for nucleus recognition and classification,but their complex features limit their practical use in clinical *** existing studies have limited accuracy,significant processing costs,and a lack of resilience and generalizability across diverse *** proposed the densely convolutional Breast U-shaped Network(BU-NET)framework to overcome the mentioned *** study employs BU-NET’s spatial and channel attention methods to enhance segmentation *** inclusion of residual blocks and skip connections in the BU-NEt architecture enhances the process of extracting features and reconstructing the *** enhances the robustness of training and convergence processes by reducing the occurrence of vanishing *** primary objective of BU-NEt is to enhance the model’s capacity to acquire and analyze more intricate features,all the while preserving an efficient working *** BU-NET experiments demonstrate that the framework achieved 88.7%average accuracy,88.8%F1 score for Multi-Organ Nuclei Segmentation Challenge(MoNuSeg),and 91.2%average accuracy,91.8%average F1 for the triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)*** framework also achieved 93.92 Area under the ROC Curve(AUC)for *** results demonstrated that the technology surpasses existing techniques in terms of accuracy and effectiveness in ***,it showcases the ability to withstand and recover from different tissue types and diseases,indicating possible uses in medical *** research evaluated the efficacy of the proposed method

关键词： Breast cancer histopathology BU-NET deep learning

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Outsmarting Android Malware with Cutting-Edge Feature Engineering and Machine Learning Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 651-673页

作者： Ahsan Wajahat Jingsha He Nafei Zhu Tariq Mahmood Tanzila Saba Amjad Rehman Khan Faten S.A.lamri Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics(AIDA)Lab CCIS Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Sciences University of EducationVehari CampusVehari61100Pakistan Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

The growing usage of Android smartphones has led to a significant rise in incidents of Android malware andprivacy *** escalating security concern necessitates the development of advanced technologies capableof automatically detecting andmitigatingmalicious activities in Android applications(apps).Such technologies arecrucial for safeguarding user data and maintaining the integrity of mobile devices in an increasingly digital *** methods employed to detect sensitive data leaks in Android apps are hampered by two major limitationsthey require substantial computational resources and are prone to a high frequency of false *** meansthat while attempting to identify security breaches,these methods often consume considerable processing powerand mistakenly flag benign activities as malicious,leading to inefficiencies and reduced reliability in *** proposed approach includes a data preprocessing step that removes duplicate samples,managesunbalanced datasets,corrects inconsistencies,and imputes missing values to ensure data *** Minimaxmethod is then used to normalize numerical data,followed by feature vector extraction using the Gain ratio andChi-squared test to identify and extract the most significant characteristics using an appropriate prediction *** study focuses on extracting a subset of attributes best suited for the task and recommending a predictivemodel based on domain expert *** proposed method is evaluated using Drebin and TUANDROMDdatasets containing 15,036 and 4,464 benign and malicious samples,*** empirical result shows thatthe RandomForest(RF)and Support VectorMachine(SVC)classifiers achieved impressive accuracy rates of 98.9%and 98.8%,respectively,in detecting unknown Androidmalware.A sensitivity analysis experiment was also carriedout on all three ML-based classifiers based on MAE,MSE,R2,and sensitivity parameters,resulting in a flawlessperformance for both *** app

关键词： Android malware detection machine learning SVC K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN) RF

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Customized Deep Learning Framework with Advanced Sampling Techniques for Lung Cancer Detection using CT Scans

Customized Deep Learning Framework with Advanced Sampling Te...

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Women in data Science at Prince Sultan University (WiDS PSU), International Conference of

作者： Tariq Mahmmod Noor Ayesha Muhammad Mujahid Amjad Rehman Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab CCIS Prince Sultan University Riyadh School of Clinical Medicine Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab CIS Prince Sultan University Riyadh City Country

ISBN: (数字)9798350395839

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395846

Lung cancer is a devastating disease that kills around five million people annually, making it a major global threat. Timely recognition is critical to improving patient survival. With a focus on pulmonary nodules in medical imaging, CT scans are essential for the screening and identification of lung cancer. This paper introduces a customized deep-learning framework for lung cancer detection using CT Scans. To achieve an accurate and efficient early-stage lung cancer diagnosis, the model makes use of a large dataset of chest CT images for training and validation. The experimental results show that the model outperforms state-of-the-art methods for lung cancer categorization. The model provides a trustworthy and efficient means of early detection of lung cancer, which has the potential to revolutionize the field of lung cancer diagnostics. The deep framework outperforms existing approaches and highlights the need to apply transfer learning to medical image analysis. Because of the technique’s extraordinary effectiveness, lung cancer research may be significantly impacted, and improvements in early diagnosis and therapy may result.

关键词： Training Deep learning Accuracy Computed tomography Transfer learning Lung cancer Medical treatment

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Next-Generation Human Activity Recognition Using Locality Constrained Linear Coding Combined With Machine Learning (NG-HAR-LCML)

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Healthcare Technology Letters 2025年第1期12卷

作者： Maryam Shabbir Fahad Ahmad Saad Awadh Alanazi Muhammad Hassan Khan Jianqiang Li Tariq Mahmood Shahid Naseem Muhammad Anwar Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Lahore Punjab Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing & Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan School of Computing Faculty of Technology University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK Portsmouth Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Centre (PAIDS) University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia The School of Software Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab CCIS Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Information Sciences University of Education Vehari Pakistan Faculty of Information Sciences Division Science &Technology University of Education Lahore Pakistan

Accurate Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a critical challenge with wide-ranging applications in healthcare, assistive technologies, and human-computer interaction. Traditional feature extraction methods often struggle to capture the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of human movements, leading to suboptimal classification performance. To address this limitation, this study introduces a novel encoding approach using Locality-Constrained Linear Coding (LLC) to enhance the discriminative power of hand-crafted features extracted from low-cost wearable sensors—an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The proposed LLC-based encoding scheme enables robust feature representation, improving the accuracy of HAR models. The encoded features are classified using a diverse set of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Deep Belief Network (DBN). Extensive quantitative evaluations demonstrate that LLC significantly outperforms conventional feature encoding techniques, leading to improved classification accuracy. Among the tested models, DBN achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy of 99%, highlighting its superiority for HAR tasks. The contributions of this research are threefold: (1) it establishes the necessity of an advanced encoding scheme (LLC) for feature enhancement in HAR, (2) it provides a rigorous comparative analysis of multiple ML and DL classifiers, and (3) it introduces a scalable and cost-effective HAR framework suitable for real-world applications. Performance is comprehensively assessed using robust evaluation metrics such as Area Under the Curve (AUC), Classification Accuracy (CA), F1 Score, Precision, Recall, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The findings of this study offer new insights into feature encoding for HAR, setting a foundation for future advancements in sensor-based act

关键词： feature encoding human activity recognition locality constrained linear coding support vector machine wearable sensors

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Detection of Copy-Move Forgery in Digital Images Using Singular Value Decomposition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4135-4147页

作者： Zaid Nidhal Khudhair Farhan Mohamed Amjad Rehman Tanzila Saba Saeed Ali bahaj Faculty of Engineering School of ComputingUniversity Technology of MalaysiaJohar BahruMalaysia UTM-IRDA MaGICX Institute of Human Centered EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaMalaysia Artificial Intelligence&Data Analytics Lab CCIS Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computer Techniques Engineering Department Faculty of Information TechnologyImam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq UniversityBaghdadIraq

This paper presents an improved approach for detecting copy-move forgery based on singular value decomposition(SVD).It is a block-based method where the image is scanned from left to right and top to down by a sliding window with a determined *** each step,the SVD is ***,the diagonal matrix’s maximum value(norm)is selected(representing the scaling factor for SVD and a fixed value for each set of matrix elements even when rotating thematrix or scaled).Then,the similar norms are grouped,and each leading group is separated into many subgroups(elements of each subgroup are neighbors)according to 8-adjacency(the subgroups for each leading group must be far from others by a specific distance).After that,a weight is assigned for each subgroup to classify the image as forgery or ***,the F1 score of the proposed system is measured,reaching 99.1%.This approach is robust against rotation,scaling,noisy images,and illumination *** is compared with other similarmethods and presents very promised results.

关键词： Forgery image forensic image processing region duplication SVD transformation technological development

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Empirical enhancement of EEG classification models for epileptic seizures using a fuzzy statistical perspective

Empirical enhancement of EEG classification models for epile...

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作者： Ricky Mohanty Subhendu Kumar Pani Amjad Rehman Noor Ayesha Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics Lab CCIS Prince Sultan University School of Clinical Medicine Zhengzhou University

The signals produced by an electrocardiogram(ECG) are made up of intricate pattern sequences that have a periodic *** pattern sequences contain an initial P-wave,which denotes the beginning of an ECG wave,a QRS sequence,which denotes the intensity of the pulse,and a T segment,which denotes the conclusion of the *** such as PR interval,QRS interval,QT interval,ST interval,R to R interval,*** employed to recognize chronic,ischemic,and other cardiac *** wave patterns need the simultaneous execution of many high-complexity signal processing operations to be classified into cardiac *** pre-processing,feature extraction,feature selection,classification into epileptic and non-epileptic seizures,and post-processing are some of these *** each of these operations,researchers create a wide range of *** algorithms' performance differs significantly in terms of the quantity of leads utilized for ECG collection,filtering effectiveness,feature extraction & selection effectiveness,and classifier ***,researchers and system designers have become unclear when choosing the optimum algorithm set for an *** text offers a thorough analysis & design of fuzzy CNN model of a broad range of epileptic & non-epileptic seizure classification techniques to lessen *** neural network(CNN) based models outperform other models in terms of general-purpose performance,whereas application-specific deployments need the employment of customized fuzzy CNN models.A significant area of research & development is presented by the observation that fuzzy logic techniques are not observed while constructing ECG classification *** on these findings,a new fuzzy logic-based classification method is provided in this text that employs quantization techniques to transform input ECG signals into fuzzy *** these parameters and a specially created CNN model,it was possible to a

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Finger Vein Authentication Based on Wavelet Scattering Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3369-3383页

作者： Amjad Rehman Majid Harouni Maedeh Omidiravesh Suliman Mohamed Fati Saeed Ali Bahaj Artificial Intelligence&Data Analytics Lab CCIS Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Dolatabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran Faculty of Computer Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran MIS Department College of Business Administration Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia

Biometric-based authentication systems have attracted more attention than traditional authentication techniques such as passwords in the last two *** biometrics such as fingerprint,palm,iris,palm vein and finger vein and other biometrics have been *** of the challenges in biometrics is physical *** of finger vein is of the biometrics least exposed to physical *** methods have been proposed for authentication with the help of this biometric that suffer from weaknesses such as high computational complexity and low identification *** paper presents a novel method of scattering wavelet-based identity *** wavelet extracts image features from Gabor wavelet filters in a structure similar to convolutional neural *** distinguishes this algorithm from other popular feature extraction methods such as deep learning methods,filter-based methods,statistical methods,etc.,is that this algorithm has very high skill and accuracy in differentiating similar images but belongs to different classes,even when the image is subject to serious damage such as noise,angle changes or pixel location,this descriptor still generates feature vectors in away thatminimizes classifier *** improves classification and *** proposed method has been evaluated using two databases Finger Vein USM(FV-USM)and Homologous Multimodal biometrics Traits(SDUMLA-HMT).In addition to having reasonable computational complexity,it has recorded excellent identification rates in noise,rotation,and transmission *** best,it has a 98.2%identification rate for the SDUMLA-HMT database and a 96.1%identification rate for the FV-USM database.

关键词： Biometrics finger veins wavelet scattering vein authentication disaster risk reduction

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LSTM based Soft-Sensor for Estimating Nitrate Concentration in Aquaponics pond

LSTM based Soft-Sensor for Estimating Nitrate Concentration ...

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Innovation in Technology (INOCON), IEEE International Conference for

作者： A. Dharshan Purushottam Kumar S. Ravimaran U Srinivasulu Reddy Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Saranathan College of Engineering Trichy India CoE in Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning & Data Analytics Lab National Institute of Technology Trichy India Department of Computer Applications Machine Learning & Data Analytics Lab National Institute of Technology Trichy India

In the field of aquaponics, where fish and plants coexist in a symbiotic environment, closely monitoring nitrate levels in the water is crucial due to their profound impact on aquatic and plant well-being. Traditional nitrate measurement methods are often time-consuming and costly. Various approaches, including first principles, IoT-based sensors, and machine learning-based soft sensors, have been attempted to address this challenge. However, these efforts face challenges such as expensive sensors, infrequent data collection, multistage data processing using limited sensor types, and the need for regular maintenance like cleaning and calibration. Additionally, varied environmental conditions affect sensor suitability for different water environments, and even some machine learning-based soft sensors have proven inaccurate. In response, soft sensors, especially deep learning-based ones, have gained prominence in industrial applications for their adaptability and accuracy. These sensors provide real-time insights into complex processes without requiring expensive hardware. In this study, an innovative solution was introduced using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technology, a neural network architecture in deep learning known for capturing complex temporal patterns. LSTM is well-suited for modeling and predicting nitrate concentration changes in aquaponics, trained with extensive data collected from various aquaponic ponds. Through rigorous evaluation, a remarkable MSE value of 0.00074 and an impressive R-squared score of 0.98 were achieved, holding potential for scaling up to commercial applications, benefiting aquaponics operations, supporting researchers, and enhancing sustainability and productivity in aquaponic systems.

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