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science China Life sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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Developing Eye Tracking Exercise System for Treatment of Lazy Eye

Developing Eye Tracking Exercise System for Treatment of Laz...

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Medical Technologies National Conference (TIPTEKNO)

作者： Kaan Kurtel Melahat Kizil Umuthan Ercan Suzan E. Ozsimsek Hasan Baris Mihci Department of Software Engineering Izmir University of Economics Balcova Izmir Turkey Izmir University of Economics Paramedic Program Vocational School of Health Services Luleå University of Technology MSc. Student in Applied Artificial Intelligence E-commerce Project Manager Macquarie University MSc. Student in Data Science

The aim of this study is to develop a fun and effective computer application game for children with amblyopia and to prevent eye strain in people whose work or lifestyle involves constantly looking at screens. The main motivation is to use children’s enthusiasm for playing video games for the treatment of amblyopia. For this, hardware and software products were brought together, and a software was developed according to software engineering principles. The system was tested with a group of volunteers and necessary alterations were made.

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ECG signals-based security and steganography approaches in WBANs: A comprehensive survey and taxonomy

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Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems 2024年 41卷

作者： Masdari, Mohammad Band, Shahab S. Qasem, Sultan Noman Sayed, Biju Theruvil Pai, Hao-Ting Department of Computer Engineering Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University Urmia Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu Taiwan Department of Information Management International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Riyadh11432 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Applied Science Taiz University Taiz6803 Yemen Department of Computer Science Dhofar University PO Box 2509 SalalahPCode 211 Oman Bachelor Program of Big Data Applications in Business National Pingtung University Pingtung Taiwan

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are integral components of e-healthcare systems, responsible for monitoring patients' physiological states through intelligent implantable or wearable sensor nodes. These nodes collect medical data, which is then transmitted to remote healthcare facilities for thorough evaluation. Securing medical data within WBANs is paramount due to its central role in preserving patient privacy and confidentiality. Notably, Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have recently gained prominence as pivotal elements within diverse security frameworks. Incorporating ECG signals strategically enhances the security and reliability of WBANs and broader e-healthcare systems, instilling greater trustworthiness. This survey article provides an in-depth exploration of contemporary ECG-based security schemes, adding to the scholarly discourse. The imperative to categorize these security paradigms revolves around their use of ECG signals. This categorization identifies three key domains: the first involves schemes that utilize ECG signals for cryptographic operations, encompassing key generation, agreement, management, and authentication. The second category employs steganography-based techniques, using ECG signals to conceal patients' sensitive medical data. The third category focuses on enhancing ECG signal security during data transmission. Each category is meticulously elaborated, detailing architectural foundations, notable contributions, and intrinsic security services. Furthermore, each section presents a comprehensive overview of the attributes characterizing ECG-based security frameworks. This includes insights into employed datasets, simulation environments, evaluation metrics, and inherent advantages and limitations. Expanding on this, a thorough analysis of distinctive attributes underpinning these security frameworks concludes by shedding light on potential directions for future research. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Authentication

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Electronic Near Point of Convergence: A Tool to Aid the Assessment of Concussion

Electronic Near Point of Convergence: A Tool to Aid the Asse...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Liang, Bo Prichep, Leslie S. Kanakia, Saloni Bazarian, Jeffrey J. Covassin, Tracey Elbin, Robert J. Hotz, Gillian A. Struder, Jeb F. Armanañzas, Rubén BrainScope Company Inc. R&d Department Chevy ChaseMD United States University of Rochester School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine RochesterNY United States Michigan State University Department of Kinesiology East LansingMI United States University of Arkansas Office Sports Concussion Research FayettevilleAR United States University of Miami UHealth Concussion Program MiamiFL United States University of Connecticut Korey Stringer Institute StorrsCT United States University of Navarra Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Tecnun School of Engineering Pamplona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

Near Point of Convergence (NPC) is a widely used test when assessing oculomotor dysfunction in patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) or concussion. A new electronic version of the Near Point Convergence test (eNPC) was developed to automatically measure NPC distance, addressing the need to improve the administration and precision of NPC testing. Age-adjusted normative values were achieved by using goodness-of-fit and generalized linear regression models. Target subjects included males and females aged 13 to 50 years. Normative values were computed as a function of age for records from 230 healthy volunteers. eNPC values from an independent cohort of 237 patients clinically deemed to have concussion and 245 matched controls were transformed into z-scores relative to age-expected normal eNPC values and then compared to demonstrate performance in a clinical population. Mean differences between matched controls and concussed patients showed a highly significant difference for eNPC z-scores between groups. The maximum Odds-Ratio (OR) value for z-scores was reached in the cutoff interval 0.75 to 1 with a mean of 2.614 and a median of 2.627. Usability for the eNPC test was high with a rate of obtaining measurements between 92% and 98%. Using z-scores helped reduce variance of the measurement and accounted for the effect of age. Significant separation between concussed patients and matched controls validated the use of the eNPC mathematical model. Further, high OR values using z-scores demonstrated potential improved clinical utility of the eNPC in the prediction of oculomotor dysfunction. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Concussion Medical Device Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Near Point of Convergence

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Empowering Precision Medicine: AI-Driven Schizophrenia Diagnosis via EEG Signals: A Comprehensive Review from 2002-2023

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Jafari, Mahboobeh Sadeghi, Delaram Shoeibi, Afshin Alinejad-Rokny, Hamid Beheshti, Amin García, David López Chen, Zhaolin Acharya, U. Rajendra Gorriz, Juan M. Internship in BioMedical Machine Learning Lab The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney SydneyNSW2052 Australia Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Spain BioMedical Machine Learning Lab The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney SydneyNSW2052 Australia UNSW Data Science Hub The University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia Health Data Analytics Program Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence Macquarie University Sydney2109 Australia Data Science Lab School of Computing Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia Monash University Melbourne Australia School of Mathematics Physics and Computing University of Southern Queensland Springfield Australia Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge United Kingdom

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent mental disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Symptoms of SZ include hallucinations, illusions, delusions, lack of motivation, and difficulties in concentration. While the exact causes of SZ remain unproven, factors such as brain injuries, stress, and psychotropic drugs have been implicated in its development. SZ can be classified into different types, including paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual. Diagnosing SZ involves employing various tools, including clinical interviews, physical examinations, psychological evaluations, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and neuroimaging techniques. Electroencephalography (EEG) recording is a significant functional neuroimaging modality that provides valuable insights into brain function during SZ. However, EEG signal analysis poses challenges for neurologists and scientists due to the presence of artifacts, long-term recordings, and the utilization of multiple channels. To address these challenges, researchers have introduced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, encompassing conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, to aid in SZ diagnosis. This study reviews papers focused on SZ diagnosis utilizing EEG signals and AI methods. The introduction section provides a comprehensive explanation of SZ diagnosis methods and intervention techniques. Subsequently, review papers in this field are discussed, followed by an introduction to the AI methods employed for SZ diagnosis and a summary of relevant papers presented in tabular form. Additionally, this study reports on the most significant challenges encountered in SZ diagnosis, as identified through a review of papers in this field. Future directions to overcome these challenges are also addressed. The discussion section examines the specific details of each paper, culminating in the presentation of conclusions and findings. © 2023,

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Molecular Mechanisms Promoting Long-Term Cytopenia after BCMA CAR-T Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

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BLOOD 2024年 144卷 4798-4799页

作者： [Anonymous] Hematology and Cell Therapy Department. Clinica Universidad de Navarra. IdiSNA. Pamplona Spain Hemato-Oncology Program. Cima Universidad de Navarra. IdiSNA. Pamplona Spain Computational Biology Program. Cima Universidad de Navarra. IdiSNA. Pamplona Spain Immunology and Immunotherapy Department. Clinica Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona Spain Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC). Madrid Spain Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN). Pamplona Spain Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN) Pamplona Spain Immunology and Immunotherapy Program. Cima Universidad de Navarra. IdiSNA. Pamplona Spain Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Institute (DATAI) Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Pamplona Spain Hematology and Cell Therapy Department Clinica Universidad de Navarra IdiSNA Pamplona Spain Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain

Hematologic toxicity, specifically prolonged cytopenia, is a common side effect associated with CAR-T therapies, being particularly severe in patients with relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) (1). However, to date, its etiology is poorly understood. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify and understand the underlying mechanisms of prolonged cytopenias associated with CAR-T therapy targeting BCMA. In our work, we combined the retrospective analysis of a cohort of 48 patients treated with BCMA CAR-T cells at Clinica Universidad de Navarra, with ex vivo transcriptomic analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing, to characterize the kinetics of cytopenia, identify predictive factors and determine potential mechanism underlying these toxicities. The overall incidence of cytopenia was 95.7%, and grade>3 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia one month after infusion, was observed in 57% and 53% of the patients, being still present after one year in 4 and 3 patients respectively. Presence of cytopenia at baseline and high peak inflammatory markers highly correlated with cytopenia persisting up to three months. To determine potential mechanisms underpinning cytopenias, we evaluated the paracrine effect of BCMA CAR-T cells on HSPCs differentiation, using an ex vivo myeloid differentiation model (2). Thus, supernatants from CAR-T cells or control T lymphocytes, co-cultured with MM tumor cell line U266, were added to the differentiation process. Phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry showed that supernatants from activated CAR-T cells (spCAR) halted HSPCs differentiation, promoting more immature phenotypes, with reduced expression of granulocytic, monocytic, and erythroid maturation markers, suggesting a paracrine effect related to CAR-T cells activation. Interestingly, this immature phenotype could be prevented by a combination of IFNγ, TNFα/β, TGFβ, IL-6, and IL-17 inhibitors, indicating the essential role of these cytokines and providing potential targets to pr

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Multimodal Co-Attention Transformer for Survival Prediction in Gigapixel Whole Slide Images

Multimodal Co-Attention Transformer for Survival Prediction ...

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International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Richard J. Chen Ming Y. Lu Wei-Hung Weng Tiffany Y. Chen Drew FK. Williamson Trevor Manz Maha Shady Faisal Mahmood Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cancer Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory MIT

ISBN: (纸本)9781665428132

Survival outcome prediction is a challenging weakly-supervised and ordinal regression task in computational pathology that involves modeling complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment in gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs). Despite recent progress in formulating WSIs as bags for multiple instance learning (MIL), representation learning of entire WSIs remains an open and challenging problem, especially in overcoming: 1) the computational complexity of feature aggregation in large bags, and 2) the data heterogeneity gap in incorporating biological priors such as genomic measurements. In this work, we present a Multimodal Co-Attention Transformer (MCAT) framework that learns an interpretable, dense co-attention mapping between WSIs and genomic features formulated in an embedding space. Inspired by approaches in Visual Question Answering (VQA) that can attribute how word embed-dings attend to salient objects in an image when answering a question, MCAT learns how histology patches attend to genes when predicting patient survival. In addition to visualizing multimodal interactions, our co-attention trans-formation also reduces the space complexity of WSI bags, which enables the adaptation of Transformer layers as a general encoder backbone in MIL. We apply our proposed method on five different cancer datasets (4,730 WSIs, 67 million patches). Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method consistently achieves superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Representation learning Visualization Histopathology Genomics Predictive models Transformers Biological information theory

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AligNART: Non-autoregressive neural machine translation by jointly learning to estimate alignment and translate

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Song, Jongyoon Kim, Sungwon Yoon, Sungroh Data Science and AI Laboratory Seoul National University Korea Republic of Kakao Enterprise Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Kakao Enterprise

Non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NART) models suffer from the multi-modality problem which causes translation inconsistency such as token repetition. Most recent approaches have attempted to solve this problem by implicitly modeling dependencies between outputs. In this paper, we introduce AligNART, which leverages full alignment information to explicitly reduce the modality of the target distribution. AligNART divides the machine translation task into (i) alignment estimation and (ii) translation with aligned decoder inputs, guiding the decoder to focus on simplified one-to-one translation. To alleviate the alignment estimation problem, we further propose a novel alignment decomposition method. Our experiments show that AligNART outperforms previous non-iterative NART models that focus on explicit modality reduction on WMT14 En↔De and WMT16 Ro→En. Furthermore, AligNART achieves BLEU scores comparable to those of the state-of-the-art connectionist temporal classification based models on WMT14 En↔De. We also observe that AligNART effectively addresses the token repetition problem even without sequence-level knowledge distillation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Hybrid ACO and PSO to minimize makespan in job shop scheduling problems

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3222卷

作者： Priljen Habeahan Erna Budhiarti Nababan Mahyuddin K. M. Nasution Informatics Engineering Master Program Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

The lowest time search in the dataset that E. Taillard utilized employs a heuristic approach based on tabu search techniques to get the predicted solution. Glover’s study gives a broad description of tabu search, which is commonly encountered in Taillard’s job shop scheduling difficulties and Widmer et al.’s flow shop sorting challenges. Although tabu search is relatively simple to use and typically yields excellent results, it takes a long time to complete. In this research a hybrid ACO and PSO was carried out to minimize makespan in the Job Shop Scheduling Problem which was used as sourced from benchmark data which is secondary data obtained from E. Taillard “Benchmarks for basic scheduling problems” which consists of job shop matrix data (job × machine) measuring 4 × 4, 5 × 5, 7 × 7, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, 20 × 20, 30 × 15, 30 × 20, 50 × 15 and 50 × 20. Hybrid is carried out by calculating the Pbest value, namely the process position of each job on the machine to get the best solution using the PSO algorithm. Next, calculate the Gbest (Global best) value for the position of each job on the best machine on the entire machine using the PSO algorithm and initialize the ACO parameters using the PBest and Gbest values. The results of research on datasets with sizes 10×10, 15×15, 20×20, 30×15, 30×20, 50×15 and 50×20 produce smaller makespan compared to the lower bound on the dataset with an average minimum makespan improvement value of 1.184.

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Structure analysis and molecular docking studies of laccase from “Bacillus licheniformis NS2324”

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

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Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment 2023年 1卷

作者： Chopra, Navleen Kaur Singhal, Divya Saini, Ribhav Sondhi, Sonica Department of Biotechnology I.K. Gujral PunjabTechnical University Punjab Kapurthala 144603 India University Institute of Biotechnology Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali 140413 India Program of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Loyalist College of Applied Arts and Technology Belleville ON Canada Department of Biotechnology Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran Punjab Mohali 140307 India

Laccase in prokaryotes have enormous application as biocatalysts. Nevertheless, very few laccases have been characterized structurally till date. Recently, a prokaryotic laccase from“Bacillus licheniformis NS2324” have been was cloned and expresses in E. coli. The present research was focused on in silicostructure prediction and characterization of cloned laccase gene isolated from “B. licheniformisNS2324”.In this study various homology modeling servers were used to predict the protein structure of the cloned laccase. Total 17 models were predicted with servers like SWISS-MODEL, ModWeb, Geno3D,I-TASSER,HHPRED using different template structures. All of these models were further validated through PROTSAV, PROCHECK and SAVES *** best scoring model predicted by SWISS MODEL was selected and submitted in PMDB database. Selected and submitted protein structure was used further for in silico protein structure characterization and docking studies on leather dyes. It was found that all the 33 tested acid leather dyes were docked perfectly to laccase structure with good binding affinity. Acid orange 56 was having highest affinity of − 9.6 kcal mol⁻¹for binding site. A binding affinity of − 9.3 kcal mol⁻¹ and − 9.2 kcal mol⁻¹ was achieved by docking acid red 97 and acid yellow 110 with laccase respectively. The docking studies were further validated by wet laboratory dye decolorization studies which showed a maximum of 96.26 ± 2.51% of (acid orange 56) and a minimum of 61.87 ± 1.30% (acid red 18) This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that reports model building from extracellular B. licheniformis laccase and docking with acid leather dyes. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Bacillus licheniformis Homology modeling Laccase Structure prediction

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