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SGformer:Boosting transformers for indoor lighting estimation from a single image

Computational Visual Media 2024年第4期10卷 671-686页

作者： Junhong Zhao Bing Xue Mengjie Zhang Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence&School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of WellingtonWellington 6012New Zealand

Estimating lighting from standard images can effectively circumvent the need for resourceintensive high-dynamic-range(HDR)lighting ***,this task is often ill-posed and challenging,particularly for indoor scenes,due to the intricacy and ambiguity inherent in various indoor illumination *** propose an innovative transformer-based method called SGformer for lighting estimation through modeling spherical Gaussian(SG)distributions—a compact yet expressive lighting *** from previous approaches,we explore underlying local and global dependencies in lighting features,which are crucial for reliable lighting ***,we investigate the structural relationships spanning various resolutions of SG distributions,ranging from sparse to dense,aiming to enhance structural consistency and curtail potential stochastic noise stemming from independent SG component *** harnessing the synergy of local–global lighting representation learning and incorporating consistency constraints from various SG resolutions,the proposed method yields more accurate lighting estimates,allowing for more realistic lighting effects in object relighting and *** code and model implementing our work can be found at https://***/junhong-jennifer-zhao/SGformer.

关键词： lighting estimation transformer spherical Gaussian(SG) augmented reality

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A 3 Degrees-of-Freedom Lightweight Flexible Twisted String Actuators (TSAs)-based Exoskeleton for Wrist Rehabilitation

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IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 6520-6527页

作者： Dragusanu, Mihai Guinet, Nicolas Suthar, Bivraj Baldi, Tommaso Lisini Prattichizzo, Domenico Malvezzi, Monica University of Siena Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics Siena Italy School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science India

This paper introduces a lightweight, three-degrees-of-freedom exoskeleton for wrist rehabilitation powered by Twisted String Actuators (TSAs), specifically designed to support flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, and pronation/supination movements. Leveraging the high power-to-weight ratio of TSA actuation system, the exoskeleton ensures effective, comfortable, and personalized rehabilitation exercises. The device comprises five TSAs arranged in a tendon-driven configuration, enabling precise control and adaptability to various user anatomies. The experimental evaluations was conducted on a prototype demonstrating the device's ability to accurately replicate wrist movements guided by a physiotherapist, achieving low tracking errors (RMSE 1°). The exoskeleton effectively achieves the desired wrist range of motion-115° for flexion/extension, 70° for radial/ulnar deviation, and 150^{\circ } for pronation/supination-with torque capabilities suitable for rehabilitation purposes (0.35 Nm for flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation, and 0.06 Nm for pronation/supination). © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Exoskeleton (Robotics)

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Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Classification using Hybrid Model: SVM and Random Forest 3

Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Classification using Hybrid Mo...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Archana, S.H. Rajeshkannan, M. Anish, M.J. Sandeep, Pasupuleti Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Saveetha Engineering College Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative condition that significantly impairs motor and cognitive functions, posing a considerable burden on global healthcare systems. Early and precise diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes, yet traditional diagnostic techniques often encounter limitations due to overlapping symptoms with other neurological disorders and the subtle nature of early PD indicators. This research introduces a machine learning-driven approach that employs a hybrid ensemble model integrating Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest classifiers to enhance diagnostic accuracy by analyzing vocal and acoustic features. To address dataset imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied, enabling the model to identify meaningful patterns within underrepresented data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized to reduce dimensionality, preserving critical data variance while minimizing computational complexity and mitigating overfitting. Hyperparameter tuning further optimizes each classifier, bolstering the model’s accuracy and robustness. Comparative analyses demonstrate that this hybrid ensemble model effectively distinguishes PD patients from healthy individuals, showcasing its potential as a reliable predictive tool in clinical applications. This study highlights the promise of advanced machine learning methodologies in supporting early PD detection, offering clinicians a valuable resource for timely intervention and improved patient care. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： hybrid classification Machine learning models Parkinson’s Disease principal component analysis (PCA) random forest algorithm support vector machine (SVM)

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Deep learning framework for automatic detection and classification of sleep apnea severity from polysomnography signals

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第28期36卷 17483-17493页

作者： Raja Brundha, A. Lakshmi Sangeetha, A. Balajiganesh, A. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Sri Sai Ram Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science Engineering Velammal Engineering College Chennai India

Sleep apnea (SA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by breathing pauses during sleep. A person’s sleep schedule is significantly influenced by that person’s hectic lifestyle, which may include unhealthy eating habits and their line of work. Polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies examine sleep-related disorders by recording various biosignals from the human body. However, SA classification methods could be more robust in terms of performance because they rely on feature-engineering strategies or employ a particular signal from PSG recording for diagnosis. This study aims to classify the severity of SA according to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) into normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe groups using oxygen saturation (SpO2), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The proposed deep neural network (DNN)-bidirectional long short-term memory (DNN-BiLSTM) framework addresses the issue of low detection accuracy in analysis. The DNN-BiLSTM approach employs features extracted from a multiscale dilation attention 1D convolutional neural network (MSDA-1DCNN) as input for detection and classification purposes. The MSDA-1DCNN network extracts deep features from processed SpO2, EEG, and ECG signals. The developed firefly combined electric fish optimization (FCEFO) algorithm improves performance by optimizing the hidden neuron count of the DNN and the learning rate of the BiLSTM framework. The performance measures proved the effectiveness of the model over conventional machine and deep learning approaches. With the integration of deep features, the proposed DNN-BiLSTM model provides enhanced performance in terms of accuracy and precision. Thus, the proposed approach is progressive and can be used for medical diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Leveraging Advanced Deep Learning Architectures for Precise Knee Osteoporosis Prediction: A Paradigm Shift in Diagnostic Healthcare 2

Leveraging Advanced Deep Learning Architectures for Precise ...

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2nd International Conference on Advances in Computation, Communication and Information Technology, ICAICCIT 2024

作者： Keerthika, S. Janani, A. Krishnasamy, Lalitha DevaBrindha, S. Priyanka, S. Dharun, S.R. Department of Artificial Intelligence Kongu Engineering College Erode India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Kongu Engineering College Erode India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Nandha Engineering College TamilNadu Perundurai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541217

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. It affects the people by increasing bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. Globally, it affects approximately 200 million people, predominantly postmenopausal women and the elderly. Early detection of osteoporosis is crucial for reducing fracture risks, improving patient outcomes, and lowering healthcare costs. However, traditional diagnostic methods are often invasive and costly, particularly in developing regions. Current methods lack efficiency and affordability, underscoring the need for noninvasive and cost-effective diagnostic solutions. This paper explores the use of various deep learning techniques such as CNN, VGG16, ResNet, DenseNet, AlexNet, and GoogLeNet. Using deep learning models on knee X-ray images, this effort provides a simple, non-invasive approach to early osteoporosis detection. The models are assessed using accuracy metrics, and cross-validation on training, validation, and test datasets is used to validate their performance. The models' classification performance is also evaluated using F1-scores, accuracy, recall, and confusion matrices. The models are employed to analyze the images, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling early intervention. The overall efficiency is improved by using data augmentation approaches, optimizing the models and implementing efficient preprocessing steps. This study's primary objective is to develop and evaluate deep learning models that can use knee X-ray images to identify osteoporosis early, offering a quicker, non-invasive, and easier method of diagnosis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Bone Fragility Deep Learning Early Detection Healthcare Efficiency Osteoporosis

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A Long Short-Term Memory Network-Based Approach for Predicting the Trends in the S&P 500 Index

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2024年第1期105卷 19-26页

作者： Siddesh, G.M. Sekhar, S. R. Mani Srinivasa, K.G. Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore India Department of Information Science and Engineering M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore India Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Programme International Institute of Information Technology Naya Raipur India

The price level of a considered security in the stock market is largely determined by perceived consumer demand. Variations in price level in the stock market are essentially a manifestation of public psychology aiming to either cut losses or maximize profits. The assumption that market movements are controlled by a guiding trend is proved by establishing that the time-series variations of daily S&P 500 indices are a non-stationary process using the Dickey–Fuller test. This paper presents a long short-term memory (LSTM) network adaptation of an autoregressive predictive model for S&P 500 indices. Later, an LSTM network-based model is devised to learn the underlying patterns that are responsible for driving the trends in market dynamics. The proposed model accepts as input at each time-step a vector of prior S&P indices over the past two weeks and estimates the current market index. The network weights assume the correct settings by training the model using daily S&P indices over the past ten years. The proposed model decisively captures subtleties in market trends, which are in turn verified using the Granger causality approach. The result demonstrates that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 82.6%, whereas random forest results in 79.12%. The results obtained are truly the latest in this line of predictive models and reaffirm that LSTM networks are powerful learning models capable of deciphering intricate underlying patterns. © 2023, The Institution of Engineers (India).

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Quasi-Parallel Dense Video Captioning: A Novel Approach to Achieving Ground Truth Event Captions using Hierarchical Attention 2

Quasi-Parallel Dense Video Captioning: A Novel Approach to A...

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2nd International Conference on Intelligent data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2024

作者： Kalai Selvi, T. Naveenkumar, S. Thompson, Michael Kesavaraj, R. Easwari Engineering College Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327533

Video captioning is a complex process, involving the automatic generation of descriptive, natural language narratives for video content. The current landscape of video captioning models primarily emphasizes crafting coherent, grammatically sound captions, yet often falls short in comprehensively capturing the essential events and actions portrayed in the video. Capturing ground truth events and localization of the generated predictions stays a challenge. This study introduces a novel video captioning model, Quasi-Parallel Dense Video Captioning (QPDVC), which directly targets authentic events within the video. QPDVC operates by concurrently analysing random frames, generating captions for each frame. These captions are then amalgamated, localized, and condensed to construct a cohesive story or summary. The distinct design of QPDVC is meticulously crafted to achieve elevated precision, rendering it particularly apt for applications such as sophisticated AI-based CCTV surveillance and advancing the realm of video captioning research. This approach not only enhances the interpretative capability of video captioning systems but also ensures a more accurate portrayal of the actual content. The model's framework provides an efficient mechanism to process and synthesize information, thereby offering a more detailed and nuanced understanding of the video's content. As the necessity for accurate video understanding grows across various domains, from security surveillance to content analysis, QPDVC's precision-driven methodology represents a significant step forward in the evolution of video captioning technology. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Attention Computer Vision Decoder Parallelization Deep Learning Encoder Feature Extraction Machine Learning Video Captioning

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Advancements in Breast Imaging: CNN-based Thermogram Quality Enhancement 2

Advancements in Breast Imaging: CNN-based Thermogram Quality...

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2nd International Conference on Intelligent data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2024

作者： Venkatachalam, Nirmala Risha Dharshini, S. Charanya, B. Ashwati, K. Easwari Engineering College Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327533

Breast thermography is a medical imaging technique that is free from radiation and is non-invasive which apprehends variations in temperature on the breast surface. The significant information, like early detection of potential abnormalities for breast health assessments, are provided. This study proposes an innovative approach to enhance the visual quality of breast thermograms utilizing a specialized Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed methodology involves a tailored image enhancement model that is CNN-based to ascend the resolution, contrast, and overall quality of breast thermogram images. This research not only advances the state-of-the-art in breast thermogram image processing but also holds promise for enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of thermography in early breast cancer detection. The proposed CNN-based framework demonstrates its potential as a valuable tool in the realm of medical image analysis, contributing to improved clinical decision-making and patient outcomes in breast health assessments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Abnormality Detection Breast Health Assessment Breast Thermography Convolutional Neural Network Diagnostic accuracy Image Enhancement Non-invasive Radiation free

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Enabling secure modern web browsers against cache-based timing attacks

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International Journal of Security and Networks 2024年第1期19卷 43-54页

作者： Ganesan, Sangeetha Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science R.M.K College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Tiruvallur India

Web applications have grown to be the foundation of any kind of system, ranging from cloud services to the internet of things (IoT) systems. As a huge amount of sensitive data is processed in web applications, user privacy shows as the most important concern in web security. In the virtualisation system, cache side channel (CSC) attack techniques have become popular to retrieve the secret information of other users. This paper presents a run-time detection and prevention mechanism, called browser watcher (BW), for time-driven CSC attacks. The computation overhead of the proposed BW java script engine is monitored and tabulated for the different domains. The average cache miss rate is measured from 23% to 89%. Once the BW system identifies the attacker, then it prevents stealing the secret information of the victim. This makes it very hard for the attacker to find the memory access pattern of the victim. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Side channel attack

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Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Detection: Leveraging EfficientNetB3 for Accuracy and Scalability 3

Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Detection: Leveraging Efficien...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Bhuvaneswari, S. Dhivya, G. Veronica Philo Vimal, J. Veera Anusuya, V. Kalaivani, V. National Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Kovilpatti India

ISBN: (数字)9798331509675

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

One of the largest health issues facing women worldwide is breast cancer, with a growing need for early and accurate diagnosis to improve the patient outcome. Traditional approaches like mammography and biopsy often come with limitations like interpretive variability and accessibility issues. In this paper, let's approach the identification of breast cancer using CNN by focusing on the EfficientNetb3 architecture. The proposed method utilizes the advanced feature extraction capabilities and computational efficiency of EfficientNetb3 to analyze mammographic images. The model achieves high accuracy and sensitivity with class imbalance and overfitting issues using a well-structured dataset and robust preprocessing techniques. This study opens the door for more efficient and widely available AI-driven healthcare solutions by showcasing the potential of EfficientNet - based CNN models to improve diagnostic precision and scalability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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