In 2009, 2.6 million people in the United States over 12 years of age received treatment for substance abuse at a “specialty facility”. The direct cost of substance abuse treatment was estimated to be $22 billion in...
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In 2009, 2.6 million people in the United States over 12 years of age received treatment for substance abuse at a “specialty facility”. The direct cost of substance abuse treatment was estimated to be $22 billion in 2005, up from $11 billion in 1991. With recent federal health care reform, more clients may seek treatment, but it is unclear how this would affect clinics’ costs per client. Although past studies on substance abuse costs find some evidence of economies of scale, they also find wide variation in the average costs of treatment, the reasons for which require further investigation. As a result, state substance abuse agencies and other payers face difficulty in determining how to pay providers, in fact, very often funding is inadequate or wasted. The drug abuse treatment process can be viewed as a complex adaptive system in which system inputs such as workers, physical capital and other materials are converted into outputs such as treatment completions and outcomes. Treatment clinics desire the most cost efficient input mix to generate desired outputs. Although substance abuse researchers are ahead of many other fields in developing and refining instruments such as the Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program, many of these instruments are restricted by the fact that databases have many omissions making it difficult to answer research questions that might otherwise be informed by economic analysis. Additionally, due to the large numbers of variables involved, trade-offs are difficult to explore. Questions such as “what are the relationships between costs and case-mix?” or “what are reasonable reimbursement rates for substance abuse treatment and how do they differ for specialized populations such as heroin users?” are difficult to answer. The work reported in this paper provides significant insight that can help policymakers to decide where to focus funding through 1) prediction of missing treatment data and 2) identification of critical variables.
Cloud computing is one of the latest and an emerging area in the Information and Technology (IT) sector, which has given a different dimension to the organizations. Performance and security aspects of private cloud an...
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Cloud computing is one of the latest and an emerging area in the Information and Technology (IT) sector, which has given a different dimension to the organizations. Performance and security aspects of private cloud and widely used public cloud are the major issues which have to be addressed in Cloud Computing. Intrusion is one such critical and important security problem for Cloud Computing. This paper will attempt to give an overall idea about Cloud computing, Intrusion, types of Intrusion Detection Systems and earlier works done on Intrusion Detection System. The key proposal of this paper is to give an overall idea for building a Hybrid Intrusion Detection System that would detect any type of intrusion into the cloud.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) provides significant therapeutic benefit for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Current DBS devices lack real-time feedback (thus are open loop) and stimulation parameters...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424492695
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) provides significant therapeutic benefit for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Current DBS devices lack real-time feedback (thus are open loop) and stimulation parameters are adjusted during scheduled visits with a clinician. A closed-loop DBS system may reduce power consumption and DBS side effects. In such systems, DBS parameters are adjusted based on patient's behavior, which means that behavior detection is a major step in designing such systems. Various physiological signals can be used to recognize the behaviors. Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Local Field Potential (LFP) is a great candidate signal for the neural feedback, because it can be recorded from the stimulation lead and does not require additional sensors. A practical behavior detection method should be able to detect behaviors asynchronously meaning that it should not use any prior knowledge of behavior onsets. In this paper, we introduce a behavior detection method that is able to asynchronously detect the finger movements of Parkinson patients. As a result of this study, we learned that there is a motor-modulated inter-hemispheric connectivity between LFP signals recorded bilaterally from STN. We used non-linear regression method to measure this connectivity and use it to detect the finger movements. Performance of this method is evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).
In this paper we present a model-free system for humanoid push recovery. The concept is inspired by human proprioceptory sensory input used for detecting balance disturbances. In our implementation, the foot pressure ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467396769
In this paper we present a model-free system for humanoid push recovery. The concept is inspired by human proprioceptory sensory input used for detecting balance disturbances. In our implementation, the foot pressure sensors found on a humanoid are used to detect the degree of sway in any direction. This difference is fed to a PID controller which sets the proper ankle torque to be applied in order to keep the humanoid standing in the upright position. This approach imitates the proprioceptive sensor information used by humans which dominates posture assessment. The system is implemented on the NAO H25 V3.3 humanoid in Webots against push disturbances in various directions. The system is also tested on the actual Nao humanoid.
This paper discusses the design and building process of a net-zero energy solar-powered house developed for the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition to promote high-performance design while using traditional passive *** p...
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This paper discusses the design and building process of a net-zero energy solar-powered house developed for the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition to promote high-performance design while using traditional passive *** project,sponsored by the Department of Energy,brought together students from architecture,engineering,and marketing departments to design and build the house of the *** challenge was to design a net-zero energy completely solar-powered house that is economically viable,aesthetically pleasant,and completely functional as *** that a net-zero energy building will rely on the functional interdependency of a building’s passive and active elements,the UNC Charlotte entry-the UrbanEden house-tried to effectively integrate those elements and deliver a best *** that end,the building envelope embraced passive strategies to minimize the annual heating and cooling loads and to optimize natural *** design ideas were tested via energy simulation to optimize energy and comfort *** estimated energy demand led into the design of the photovoltaic system,which has the dual function of producing energy and acting as a shading *** modular configuration of the house accommodated the transportation of the house across the country while enhancing the future expansion of the house for bigger size *** simulation was performed to finalize the building openings and address the lighting *** paper reports a way of effectively designing and constructing a net-zero energy,comfortable,and affordable solar house.
The network-induced time delay is one of the major challenges that appear when the design or the analysis of any Networked Control System (NCS) is needed. The delay can be tackled in the network level by performing co...
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The network-induced time delay is one of the major challenges that appear when the design or the analysis of any Networked Control System (NCS) is needed. The delay can be tackled in the network level by performing control of network actions. Since the process of prioritizing the network access is the main contributor of the network-induced time delay, then the efficient way to control the time delay is to improve the scheduling criterion. This paper proposes an optimal scheduling criterion that improves the quality of service for each node in the network and at the same time maintains the stability of the control system. The proposed optimal scheduling protocol is a hybrid scheduling criterion that combines the advantages of the dynamic and the static scheduling protocols. First, the algorithm of the optimal scheduling is discussed. Second, the optimal control-scheduling problem is formulated. The mixed logical-dynamical optimization problem is then solved. Finally, numerical examples and simulation results are introduced and discussed.
It is in general complex to consider the complete robot dynamics when planning trajectories for bipedal locomotion. We present an approach to trajectory planning, with the classical Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIP...
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It is in general complex to consider the complete robot dynamics when planning trajectories for bipedal locomotion. We present an approach to trajectory planning, with the classical Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIPM), that takes explicit consideration of the unstable dynamics. We derive a relationship between initial state and the control input that ensures the overall system dynamics will converge to a stable steady state solution. This allows us to exploit the unstable dynamics to achieve system goals, while imposing constraints on certain degrees of freedom of the input and initial conditions. Based on this, we propose an approach to trajectory planning, and derive solutions for several typical applications. Experimental simulations using the REEM-C biped robot platform of Pal robotics validate our approach.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys may receive reflections from above ground and surface objects such as power lines, metal fences, building walls, and tree trunks. These reflections may have high amplitude and ob...
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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys may receive reflections from above ground and surface objects such as power lines, metal fences, building walls, and tree trunks. These reflections may have high amplitude and obscure reflections from below ground targets. This paper proposes an algorithm to filter reflections from above ground objects within a region of interest in the GPR scan data.
The color part of a color and motion amplification algorithm developed by the MIT computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSail) research group [1] is converted to real-time and used to visualize and ...
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The color part of a color and motion amplification algorithm developed by the MIT computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSail) research group [1] is converted to real-time and used to visualize and monitor heart rate for drivers in order to sense when a driver becomes sleepy. A Kinect camera mounted on the dashboard is used to gather video data from which the driver's heart rate is extracted in real time. This technology can be used to unobtrusively monitor heart rate and breathing of infants, sleep apnea patients or other individuals where worn devices are not optimal.
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