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arXiv 2020年

作者： Elouard, Cyril Herrera-Martí, David Esposito, Massimiliano Auffèves, Alexia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Atos Centre for Excellence in Performance Programming 1 rue de Provence Echirolles38130 France Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics Department of Physics and Materials Science University of Luxembourg LuxembourgL-1511 Luxembourg CNRS Université Grenoble Alpes Institut Néel GrenobleF-38042 France

Optical Bloch Equations (OBE) describe the coherent exchange of energy between a quantum bit (qubit) and a quasi-resonant driving field in the presence of a thermal bath. Despite it being an ubiquitous process in quantum technologies, a sound thermodynamic analysis is still missing. We hereby provide such an analysis, by deriving the relevant framework from first principles. We start from a complete microscopic description of the qubit-bath system where definitions of heat, work and entropy production are unambiguous. We trace out the bath and coarse-grain the resulting expressions in time, using a methodology similar to the derivation of the dynamical master equation, to derive closed expressions for the First and Second Law in terms of system properties. Long coarse graining times yield the Floquet Master Equation and its already known thermodynamic description. Short coarse-graining times yield instead to the OBE and a novel thermodynamic framework which explicitly depend on quantum coherences in the qubit’s energy basis which produce quantum signatures in the heat and entropy production flows. This allow us to characterize a genuinely quantum non-equilibrium situation, where the coherences created by the driving field are continuously erased by the bath. Our findings can be readily extended to larger open quantum systems. They carry the seeds for future thermodynamic analyses of quantum gates and the design of quantum engines in the strong coherent driving regime. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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