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Computational Intelligence on Engineering/Cyber Physical Systems Companion (CIES Companion), IEEE Symposium on

作者： Huy Xuan Pham Erdal Kayacan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Artificial Intelligence in Robotics Laboratory (Air Lab) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark Automatic Control Group (RAT) Paderborn University Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331508494

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508500

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction serves as a cornerstone in various robotic applications, playing critical roles in scene understanding and navigation. Traditionally, LiDAR has been instrumental in generating precise point clouds of the environment, providing essential data for these applications. However, the efficacy of LiDAR sensors is significantly hindered in challenging conditions, such as the presence of water or icy surfaces. The complex interplay between laser beams and icy or non-ideal surfaces can result in signal degradation, distortion, or even complete signal loss, adversely affecting the accuracy and reliability of the 3D reconstruction process. The reflective and refractive properties of ice, along with its variable surface conditions, present challenges that traditional LiDAR sensors struggle to address. This paper proposes a diverse dataset to facilitate a multimodal approach for reconstructing icy surfaces using various sensors. A preliminary study based on this dataset demonstrates the feasibility of combining the geometric surface obtained from consecutive LiDAR scans with reconstructed meshes from visual cameras. The integration of distinct data sources has the potential to improve the robustness of reconstruction algorithms in diverse scenarios. The dataset can be downloaded at https://***/records/13862009.

关键词： Point cloud compression Surface reconstruction Laser radar Three-dimensional displays Navigation Ice Robustness Laser beams Image reconstruction Surface treatment

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Real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching stereo vision algorithm for a 4K/UHD video stream

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Grabowski, Mariusz Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Agh University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In this paper, we propose a real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) stereo vision algorithm. The designed module supports a 4K/Ultra HD (3840 ×2160 pixels @ 30 frames per second) video stream in a 4 pixel per clock (ppc) format and a 64-pixel disparity range. The baseline SGM implementation had to be modified to process pixels in the 4ppc format and meet the timing constrains, however, our version provides results comparable to the original design. The solution has been positively evaluated on the Xilinx VC707 development board with a Virtex-7 FPGA device. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Traffic Sign Detection With Event Cameras and DCNN 25

Traffic Sign Detection With Event Cameras and DCNN

引用

25th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2022

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Agh University of Science and Technology Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Kraków Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Digital Systems Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (数字)9788362065424

ISBN: (纸本)9788362065424

In recent years, event cameras (DVS - Dynamic Vision Sensors) have been used in vision systems as an alternative or supplement to traditional cameras. They are characterised by high dynamic range, high temporal resolution, low latency, and reliable performance in limited lighting conditions - parameters that are particularly important in the context of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and self-driving cars. In this work, we test whether these rather novel sensors can be applied to the popular task of traffic sign detection. To this end, we analyse different representations of the event data: event frame, event frequency, and the exponentially decaying time surface, and apply video frame reconstruction using a deep neural network called FireNet. We use the deep convolutional neural network YOLOv4 as a detector. For particular representations, we obtain a detection accuracy in the range of 86.9-88.9% mAP@0.5. The use of a fusion of the considered representations allows us to obtain a detector with higher accuracy of 89.9% mAP@0.5. In comparison, the detector for the frames reconstructed with FireNet is characterised by an accuracy of 72.67% mAP@0.5. The results obtained illustrate the potential of event cameras in automotive applications, either as standalone sensors or in close cooperation with typical frame-based cameras. © 2022 Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： Cameras

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Optimising Graph Representation for Hardware Implementation of Graph Convolutional Networks for Event-based Vision

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeziorek, Kamil Wzorek, Piotr Blachut, Krzysztof Pinna, Andrea Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Poland Sorbonne Université CNRS LIP6 ParisF-75005 France

Event-based vision is an emerging research field involving processing data generated by Dynamic Vision Sensors (neuromorphic cameras). One of the latest proposals in this area are Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), which allow to process events in its original sparse form while maintaining high detection and classification performance. In this paper, we present the hardware implementation of a graph generation process from an event camera data stream, taking into account both the advantages and limitations of FPGAs. We propose various ways to simplify the graph representation and use scaling and quantisation of values. We consider both undirected and directed graphs that enable the use of PointNet convolution. The results obtained show that by appropriately modifying the graph representation, it is possible to create a hardware module for graph generation. Moreover, the proposed modifications have no significant impact on object detection performance, only 0.08% mAP less for the base model and the N-Caltech data set. Finally, we describe the proposed hardware architecture of the graph generation module. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Embedded Graph Convolutional Networks for Real-Time Event Data Processing on SoC FPGAs

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeziorek, Kamil Wzorek, Piotr Blachut, Krzysztof Pinna, Andrea Kryjak, Tomasz The Embedded Vision Systems Group Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Poland The Sorbonne Université CNRS LIP6 ParisF-75005 France

The utilisation of event cameras represents an important and swiftly evolving trend aimed at addressing the constraints of traditional video systems. Particularly within the automotive domain, these cameras find significant relevance for their integration into embedded real-time systems due to lower latency and energy consumption. One effective approach to ensure the necessary throughput and latency for event processing systems is through the utilisation of graph convolutional networks (GCNs). In this study, we introduce a series of hardware-aware optimisations tailored for PointNet++, a GCN architecture designed for point cloud processing. The proposed techniques result in more than a 100-fold reduction in model size compared to Asynchronous Event-based GNN (AEGNN), one of the most recent works in the field, with a relatively small decrease in accuracy (2.3% for N-Caltech101 classification, 1.7% for N-Cars classification), thus following the TinyML trend. Based on software research, we designed a custom EFGCN (Event-Based FPGA-accelerated Graph Convolutional Network) and we implemented it on ZCU104 SoC FPGA platform, achieving a throughput of 13.3 million events per second (MEPS) and real-time partially asynchronous processing with a latency of 4.47 ms. We also address the scalability of the proposed hardware model to improve the obtained accuracy score. To the best of our knowledge, this study marks the first endeavour in accelerating PointNet++ networks on SoC FPGAs, as well as the first hardware architecture exploration of graph convolutional networks implementation for real-time continuous event data processing. We publish both software and hardware source code in an open repository: https://***/vision-agh/***. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Development of PLC Based Fault Isolation and Remote IIoT Monitoring of Three Tank System

引用

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2022年第6期55卷 175-180页

作者： Jakub Możaryn Konrad Bogusz Sebastian Juszczyński Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Warsaw University of Technology A. Boboli 8 St. 02-525 Warsaw Poland

Fault tolerance and constant, remote control of the process becomes important because of a continuous increase in complexity and high-performance demand for industrial systems. Therefore, there are developed advanced control systems that can detect and identify faults without being present at the site. This article presents the methodology of designing a PLC based fault isolation and remote monitoring system using the Industrial Internet of Things technologies. An algorithm of fault detection and isolation based on Unknown Input Observer and its implementation on a PLC controller are described and analyzed based on the simulated level control process in a three-tank system. The article contains a description of multiple technologies related to the concept of Industry 4.0 that can increase the performance of modern industrial systems.

关键词： Fault Detection Isolation Unknown Input Observer Industrial Internet of Things

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Prototype of Turbine Propulsion System with controllable Thrust Vector for Long-Range Unmanned VTOL Aircraft 21st

Prototype of Turbine Propulsion System with Controllable Thr...

引用

21st Polish control Conference, PCC 2023

作者： Czyba, Roman Lemanowicz, Marcin Domin, Jaroslaw Grzybowski, Jacek Stępień, Izabela Ungier, Lukasz Rosiek, Radoslaw Bialas, Piotr Niemiec, Michal Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology ul. Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology ul. Ks. M. Strzody 7 Gliwice44-100 Poland Department of Mechatronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Silesian University of Technology ul. Akademicka 10a Gliwice44-100 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031351723

The aim of the project was to build a prototype of a turbine drive with a controllable thrust vector for a long-range vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The construction of the prototype required the development of a vectoring system for the tail propulsion system and a dedicated VTOL aircraft stabilization and control system. The prototype of the turbine drive system was based on energy-efficient electric motors. Research also involved modeling the turbine propulsion aerodynamics with usage of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. As a result of the design stage, a prototype of the propulsion system was created, on which flight tests were carried out. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Supervisors for Gas Compressor Stations with Compression and Valve Faults

Supervisors for Gas Compressor Stations with Compression and...

引用

South Eastern European Design Automation, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM)

作者： Dimitrios G. Fragkoulis Fotis N. Koumboulis Nikolas D. Kouvakas Antonis N. Menexis Department of Digital Industry Technologies Robotics Automatic Control and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory School of Science National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece

A Discrete Event System (DES) based approach is developed for the derivation of the model and safe performance of a gas compressor station (GCS), in the presence of all possible actuator faults. The safe performance goal is surge avoidance, despite the presence of actuator faults, and is modelled as four rules, being translated to four regular languages. The respective supervisor automata are developed to realize the four regular languages. The physical realizability and nonblocking of the synchronous product of the supervisor automata and the automaton of the system is proved. Implementation of the supervisors in the Structured Text language for PLCs is provided.

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Nonlinear Luenberger observer for velocity estimation in active magnetic levitation system

Nonlinear Luenberger observer for velocity estimation in act...

引用

International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and robotics (MMAR)

作者： Rafał Bieszczad Adam Piłat Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Cracow Poland

This article presents the problem of designing a nonlinear observer for an active magnetic suspension system. The design process of the nonlinear Luenberger observer (also known as the Kazantzis-Kravaris-Luenberger observer) is discussed. Particular attention was paid to the main nonlinearity of the system - the electromagnetic force, which was modeled applying the function describing the change in inductance as a function of the distance of the levitating object from the electromagnet surface. Theoretical analyses were confirmed by the results of experimental studies in which the task of moving the sphere between the given positions using current control was carried out. control tasks were conducted in the real-time regime on an embedded platform. The measured signals and estimated velocity were analyzed in the context of future implementations in control applications.

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Terminal Sliding Modes-Based PLLs for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters 49

Terminal Sliding Modes-Based PLLs for Three-Phase Grid-Conne...

引用

49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2023

作者： Hosseinabadi, Pooyan Alinaghi Kermadi, Mostefa Pota, Hemanshu Mekhilef, Saad Abadi, Ali Soltani Sharif The School of Engineering and Information Technology The University of New South Wales CanberraACT Australia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia The School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Mechatronics Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331820

This paper proposes and experimentally implements new phase-locked loop algorithms using non-adaptive and adaptive terminal sliding modes for the three-phase grid-connected inverters. The proposed algorithms aim to extract the grid voltage phase and frequency and provide them for the inverter controller. The proposed sliding mode-based PLL algorithms provide faster, more robust, and more accurate detection of the grid voltage information compared to the conventional PI-PLL. This leads to better current controller performance and subsequently, improves the quality of the injected currents into the grid. The finite-time stability notion is incorporated with robust sliding modes to ensure a fast convergence rate. An adaptive law is proposed to determine a proper value for the switching gain which leads to a better overall performance of the PLL compared with a non-adaptive one. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to obtain the stability proofs of the closed-loop systems under both designed sliding modes-based PLLs. The proposed PLL algorithms are validated by simulation and experimental results for the three-phase grid-connected inverter under normal and various abnormal grid conditions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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