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Safe switching model-free Value Iteration for general nonlinear systems

IEEE Access 2025年

作者： Lala, Timotei University Politehnica Timisoara Faculty of Automation and Computers Departament of Automation and Applied Informatics Timisoara300223 Romania

This paper presents a solution to the well-known challenge of ensuring safety guarantees during the evaluation of controllers tuned using Value Iteration techniques on real systems. We propose an approach called Safe Switching Model-Free Value Iteration (SSMFVI), which guarantees both stability and safety of a system in closed loop with a controller optimized with Value Iteration (VI) in a model-free manner. A state dependent controlled switching rule is designed to alternate between the VI tuned controller and an initial known stabilizing admissible controller. Using the initial controller Q function and the one continuously actualized during learning, the stability of the switching mechanism in closed loop with the system is derived using the Multiple Lyapunov Functions (MLF) framework. To guarantee safety during runtime operation, the systems maximum one-step transition is estimated. Then, the switching control signal is designed to select the MFVI controller only in the region of the state space both covered by the collected transitions during the exploration phase and with the distance to the unsafe set greater than the aforementioned maximum one-step transition. This subset of the state space is determined using single-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. The method includes mechanisms for early instability detection and chattering reduction near switching surfaces. The validation is conducted on a linear first order system for visualization of the results and on a real Electric Braking System circuit system, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control method. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Optimal control systems

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Validating neural networks for spectroscopic classification on a universal synthetic dataset

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1325-1336页

作者： Jan Schuetzke Nathan J.Szymanski Markus Reischl Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany Department of Materials Science&Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

To aid the development of machine learning models for automated spectroscopic data classification,we created a universal synthetic dataset for the validation of their *** dataset mimics the characteristic appearance of experimental measurements from techniques such as X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,and Raman spectroscopy among *** applied eight neural network architectures to classify artificial spectra,evaluating their ability to handle common experimental *** all models achieved over 98%accuracy on the synthetic dataset,misclassifications occurred when spectra had overlapping peaks or *** found that non-linear activation functions,specifically ReLU in the fully-connected layers,were crucial for distinguishing between these classes,while adding more sophisticated components,such as residual blocks or normalization layers,provided no performance *** on these findings,we summarize key design principles for neural networks in spectroscopic data classification and publicly share all scripts used in this study.

关键词： spectroscopic adding classify

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Matlab GUI-based Tool to Determine Performance Metrics of Physical Unclonable Functions 31

Matlab GUI-based Tool to Determine Performance Metrics of Ph...

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31st International Conference on Cybernetics and informatics, K and I 2022

作者： Kareem, Husam Almousa, Khaleel Dunaev, Dmitriy Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Department of Automation and Applied Informatics BudapestH-1111 Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9781665487757

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487757

This paper presents a MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) based tool that determines the performance evaluation metrics of the physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The PUFs are hardware security primitives which can be utilized in several hardware security applications like integrated circuits protection, device authentication, secret key generation, and hardware obfuscation. Like any other technology approach, PUFs evaluation requires testing different performance metrics, each of which can be determined by at least one mathematical equation. The proposed tool (PUFs Tool) reads the PUF instances' output and then computes and generates the values of the main PUFs' performance metrics: uniqueness, reliability, uniformity, and bit-aliasing. In addition, it generates a bar code for each PUF instance considered in the evaluation process. The PUFs Tool is designed and developed using the app designer of MATLAB software 2021b. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Incorporate Distributed Generators in AC Optimal Power Flow

A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Inco...

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2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe Conference, ISGT EUROPE 2024

作者： Dindar, Burak Saner, Can Berk Polat, Dogukan Yigit Çakmak, Huseyin Kemâl Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore National University of Singapore School of Computing Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9789531842976

In order to achieve the goal of a carbon-neutral power system, significant changes to the power grid are underway, necessitating enhanced interoperability between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) for effective grid operation, particularly in light of the growing number of distributed generators (DGs). Data privacy concerns, however, complicate decision-making processes, particularly when integrating DGs into system-wide dispatch decisions. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning (ML)-based method to incorporate DGs located within the distribution system (DS) into dispatch decisions, adhering to data privacy by mitigating the exchange of sensitive data, such as system topology and demand profiles, between TSOs and DSOs. The methodology involves training three ML models to represent the behavior of the DS, thereby replacing the standard power flow model that contains sensitive information. Notably, we utilize a novel tailored neural network (NN) architecture to enhance computational efficiency in mapping the feasible region of the DS. Additionally, we employ open-source data to construct the Baden-Wü rttemberg (Germany) electricity grid, allowing to test our method not only on standard systems but also on a model that more accurately represents real-world power systems. The numerical case studies verify that the proposed method achieves results comparable to standard AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) in both cost-optimality and computational time. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Modular Platform for Automated Characterisation of Printed Structures, Devices and Circuits

Modular Platform for Automated Characterisation of Printed S...

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Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Liane Koker Klaus-Martin Reichert Ulrich Gengenbach Markus Reischl Martin Ungerer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350378269

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378276

We present a real-time-controlled platform applied for automated characterisation of structures, devices and circuits printed on planar substrates. Its modular setup allows for implementation of different probe heads and a large number of instruments for electrical testing. Microscope optics are used to capture high-resolution images of entire printed substrates. Based on these images printed structures on the substrates are optically inspected for printing errors by means of image processing and electrically tested. Applications include fast identification of optimal printing parameters for various ink-substrate combinations, characterisation of complex printed devices and circuits and identification of known-good structures for multi-stage printing.

关键词： Printing Optical microscopy Microscopy Circuits Packaging Optical imaging Object recognition

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Grid Aware Portfolio Optimization of a Multi-Energy DER

Grid Aware Portfolio Optimization of a Multi-Energy DER

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Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC)

作者： Simon Grafenhorst Gökhan Demirel Kevin Förderer Veit Hagenmeyer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350395075

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395082

With the rapid increase in distributed generation and demanding loads such as heat pumps and electric vehicle chargers, the distribution grid is increasingly congested, and devices must be curtailed. In many cases, this can be avoided by installing a flexibility providing Distributed Energy Resource (DER) and considering the congestion of the grid in the planning process of the DER. Although previous studies have examined the design and com-position of DERs, the surrounding electrical grid is often not considered. The present paper extends these studies and shows how the portfolio of a complex multi-energy DER can be designed to be cost-optimal for a specific location i n t he grid while simultaneously providing grid-supporting services. For this purpose, an algorithm is outlined that minimizes the total cost of the D ER, i.e., investment and operation, while relieving the surrounding electrical grid. Two case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of using such a multi-energy DER to reduce line utilization in the distribution system, thereby preventing curtailment of renewable generation at minimal cost.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Costs Heat pumps Electric vehicles Distributed power generation Planning Portfolios Optimization Resistance heating Investment

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Industrial Application of the Shapley value-based Redispatch Cost Allocation to Large-Scale Power Grids requires AC Optimal Power Flow

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Bauer, Rebecca Dai, Xinliang Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

A burgeoning topic in the current energy transition are the huge costs of redispatch congestion management (CM) in large transmission systems. One of the German transmission system operators (TSOs) raised the critical inquiry of how to allocate the redispatch costs amongst TSOs in an equitable and beneficial way. Previously, a Shapley value-based approach has been introduced on small test grids, using the linear DC approximation of optimal power flow (OPF). However, within the application of CM, its feasibility and accuracy for large-scale power grids and its impact on the computed congestions remain uncertain. Therefore, this study investigates the applicability of the DC OPF compared to the exact AC OPF with regard to the Shapley values, for both small and large-scale grids. Numerical simulation shows significant differences in the congested lines, the overall redispatch costs, and the Shapley values. These findings suggest that for future CM, the TSOs should further investigate AC OPF solutions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Costs

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ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS WITH A NOVEL MODULAR CONFIGURABLE MULTI-MODAL WHITE-BOX BUILDING MODEL

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Haozhen Hagenmeyer, Veit Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

This paper presents a novel modeling approach for building performance simulation, characterized as a white-box model with a high degree of modularity and flexibility, enabling direct integration into complex large-scale energy system co-simulations. The introduced model is described in detail, with a focus on its modular structure, and proposes various configurations that include various building insulation, heating methods, occupancy patterns, and weather data to analyze different scenarios, and the energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and heating costs are compared and analyzed across 36 introduced scenarios. The thermodynamic behavior of the model is shown to be consistent with real-world conditions, and the comparison of the scenarios concludes that the use of heat pumps for indoor heating in well-insulated buildings has significant economic and sustainability benefits, whereas the use of natural gas-fueled boilers is more cost-effective for buildings with low energy ratings. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable building

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HARDWARE-BASED MICROGRID COUPLED TO REAL-TIME SIMULATED POWER GRIDS FOR EVALUATING NEW CONTROL STRATEGIES IN FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Kyesswa, Michael Wiegel, Friedrich Wachter, Jan Kühnapfel, Uwe Waczowicz, Simon Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

The design of new control strategies for future energy systems can neither be directly tested in real power grids nor be evaluated based on only current grid situations. In this regard, extensive tests are required in laboratory settings using real power system equipment. However, since it is impossible to replicate the entire grid section of interest, even in large-scale experiments, hardware setups must be supplemented by detailed simulations to reproduce the system under study fully. This paper presents a unique test environment in which a hardware-based microgrid environment is physically coupled with a large-scale real-time simulation framework. The setup combines the advantages of developing new solutions using hardware-based experiments and evaluating the impact on large-scale power systems using real-time simulations. In this paper, the interface between the microgrid-under-test environment and the real-time simulations is evaluated in terms of accuracy and communication delays. Furthermore, a test case is presented showing the approach's ability to test microgrid control strategies for supporting the grid. It is observed that the communication delays via the physical interface depend on the simulation sampling time and do not significantly affect the accuracy in the interaction between the hardware and the simulated grid. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Vibrational Control for Energy Balancing in Modular Multilevel Converters

Vibrational Control for Energy Balancing in Modular Multilev...

引用

International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)

作者： Adam Kastner Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350365771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365788

In order to balance the stored energy between the branches of a modular multilevel converter, an output-invisible control allocation strategy is used. A vibrational control approach, modeled via higher-order averaging methods, is applied to provide additional input variables that enable controlling the one-period average of all branch energies at the same time. Stability analysis of the linearized control loop including the moving average filter is performed using a delay model approach, for which careful handling of a removable singularity at zero is necessary. A finite-order discrete-time approximation of the delay system is used for optimization of the controller parameters. The potential of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated in simulation.

关键词： Electrical engineering Multilevel converters Electric potential Input variables Delay systems Stability analysis Delays Resource management Optimization Energy storage

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