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Reliability evaluation of highly reliable computer control systems for energy generation, transmission and distribution

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第2期6卷 111-118页

作者： Kochs, HD Dieterle, W Dittmar, E [?]Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Dieter Kochs (1943) VDE is head of the Department of Computer Science and Information Processing Systems at the Gerhard Mercator-University of Duisburgl Germany. He received the Dip1.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering and the Dr.-Ing. degree from the RWTH Aached Germany in 1972 and 1976 respectively. From 1979 to 1991 he was system engineer and division leader in the areas of R & D of highly-reliable large-scale control and information systems (AEGIDaimler FAG-Kugelfischer). Since 199 1 he has been Professor at the University of Duisburg. His current R & D areas are reliability safety and fault tolerance of technical systems especially automation systems and hybridknowledge based systems including fuzzy-logic and neural networks. (Gerhard-Menxitor-University-GH Duisburg FB 71FG 10 Lotharstr. 1 D-47048 Duisburg T +49203/379-2204 Fax +49203I379-2205)

The paper presents the results of an application-based reliability study of distributed computer control systems with very high reliability demand, e.g. for supervision and control of power plants and energy distribution systems. A reliability classification scheme is presented and typical redundant control system structures are evaluated and classified due to their system reliability Special focus is placed on assessing the influence of the communication system on total system reliability.

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Robust Analysis of Distillation Column Dynamics

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第9期28卷 333-338页

作者： E.I. Varga G.Z. Kovács S.B. Jørgensen K.M. Hangos Systems and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Department of Chemical Engineering The Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

The robust stability and performance of a binary distillation column model is analysed using a minimal state space representation. The uncertainty modelling of the column is resulted in an LFT form with a four element diagonal block structure taking into account the dependence between the steady state gains. Robust analysis of the distillation column dynamics is performed and compared using µ - and l 1 -analysis tools. The magnitude of possible overshoots is determined by l 1 -test for robust performance and the dependence of this magnitude on the dominant time constant (i.e. the purity of the separation) is investigated. Futhermore the effect of the mi certainties in the time constants and the singular values on the robust performance is also analysed using l 1 -test. It has been found that the uncertainty in the time constants affects dominantly the robust performance of the open-loop system, i.e. the magnitude of possible overshoots.

关键词： Distillation column parametric uncertainty modelling robust stability robust performance

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H/sub /spl infin// vibration control of active suspension for automotive application

H/sub /spl infin// vibration control of active suspension fo...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： A. Kanbolat Y. Okuyama F. Takemori L. Gianone S. Horvat J. Bokor Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering Facult of Engineering Tottori University Japan Tottori Daigaku Tottori JP Dept. of Inf. & Knowledge Eng. Tottori Univ. Japan Systems and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary Department of Transpoi-talion Engineering Technical University of Budapest Hungary

This paper deals with simultaneous control of acceleration transmission, wheel load fluctuation, suspension deflection and sprung mass displacement. The control theory is based on the robust H/sub /spl infin// control theory with the consideration of the modeling errors lumped into an unstructured uncertainty acting on the unperturbed plant. The design method is new and powerful for electronic car suspension's control systems, as it presents a new approach to the designers for the computation of a controller maintaining robust stability while guaranteeing the performance in a wide frequency range, even in the case of the controller is applied to the actual plant. Additionally, the paper emphasizes that the assumptions in the modeling step may lead to unrealistic control designs and, as an example, the effect of the rigidity assumption on the behavior of the open loop system is discussed.

关键词： control systems control theory Open loop systems Displacement control Weight control Acceleration Wheels Fluctuations Robust control Power system modeling

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Grey-Box Modeling for Identification and control: An Emerging Discipline or an Established Technology?

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1994年第8期27卷 1193-1198页

作者： S. Bay Jorgensen K.M. Hangos Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Systems and Control Research Laboratory: Computer and Automation Institute HAS

Grey box modeling is a widely used term, which presently reflects that both a priori and experimental knowledge is being incorporated into the model building process. A brief investigation into various uses of grey box modeling approaches reveals that they mainly differ with respect to the required model accuracy. The goal of the model application also has to be considered in the model building, since it constrains the necessary accuracy required by the model. In this paper these two viewpoints are combined thus leading to a proposed new definition of grey box modeling.

关键词： Qualitative differential and algebraic equations Uncertainty representation Verbatim models Robust identification and control Modeling cycle

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Decentralized Variable Structure control of Complex systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1994年第11期27卷 227-232页

作者： V. Veselý D. Kalaš Slovak Technical University Department of Automatic Control Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering Bratislava Slovakia Slovak Technical University Department of Control and Automation Faculty of Electrical Engineering Bratislava Slovakia

The paper considers the problem of stabilizing large scale dynamic systems (LSS) via decentralized controllers based on Variable Structure systems (VSS) and using the principle of dominant subsystems. The principle and applications for LSS are described and simulation test results on a two- machines power system with nonlinear model are presented.

关键词： Decentralized control diagonal dominance variable structure systems large scale systems

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The Twenty‐first Century Enterprise, Agile Manufacturing and Something Called CALS

World Class Design to Manufacture

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World Class Design to Manufacture 1994年第3期1卷

作者： Eric M. Ross The Vice‐President of ProActive Resources Inc. a Rhode Island‐based industrial improvement consulting and training firm. He also serves as the Chair Commercial Application Task Group of the all‐volunteer US CALS/CE Industry Steering Group. Previously he was Director CALS at Intergraph Corporation a worldwide supplier of interactive computer graphic CAD/CAE/CAM systems and Program Director Strategic Enterprise Modernization at BDM International Inc. Mr Ross also served in various technical management and leadership positions in United States Air Force internal and contractor industrial base improvement programmes. He is a member of the American Society for Quality Control the American Production and Inventory Control Society the Automation Forum and the Computer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He holds a BS and an MS degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the State University of New York College of Ceramics respectively. He can be contacted at ProActive Resources Inc. Tel/Fax: 401 421 4072 or 10733 Basket Oak Ct. Burke VA 22015 USA.

Success in the twenty‐first century will require many manufacturingenterprises to have the innovative flexibility to respond rapidly tomarket desires, to produce top quality products, to deliver almostinstantaneously, and to provide superb service. Built on leanmanufacturing, the agile manufacturing paradigm is an evolutionary step,partially based on a combination of flexible manufacturing, integratedproduct development and stratgic partnering. An agile manufactuingenterprice is a dynamically reconfigurable organization of independentcompanies which forms individual companies optimized for the specificsof each market opportunity. Key to the success of such a paradigm is theability (for often geographically dispersed functions) to share fullythe technical information required and used for product design,development, validation, production and service. Argues that CALS, astandardized approach to integrated product data management, has thestrategies, approaches, technologies and neutral data formats as well asthe growing international commitment to enable this data sharing.

关键词： Agile production Computer‐aided acquisition and logistic support Co‐operation Flexible organizations Information exchange Manufacturing industry Partnering Product development

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An approach to the direct analysis of transient stability

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1993年第3期3卷 241-248页

作者： Djukanovic, M.B. Sobajic, D.J. Pao, Y.‐H. Miodrag B. Djukanovic (1959) received his B.S. M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Belgrade/Yugoslavia in 1982 1985 and 1992 respectively specializing in electric power systems. In 1984 he joined the Electrical Engineering Institute “Nikola Tesla” in Belgrade where he was working on the scientific studies in the field of power systems planning operation and control. In 1985 and 1990 he was appointed as a research scholar at the Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm and Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio. His major in- terests are in the area of power system analysis steady-state and dynamic security and application of neural networks in electric power systems. (Electrical Engineering Institute “Nicola Tesla” ul. Koste Glavinica 8A YU-11000 Belgrad T +3811/2351-619 Fax + 3811/2351-823) Dejan J. Sobajic (1949) received the B.S.E.E. and the M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Belgrade/Yugoslavia in 1972 and 1976 respectively and the Ph.D. degree from Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio in 1988. At present he is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland. He is also the Engineering Manager of A1 WARE Inc. Cleveland. His current research interests include power system operation and control neuralnet systems and adaptive control. He is a member of the IEEE Task Force on Neural-Network Applications in Power Systems and of the IEEE Intelligent Controls Committee. He is the Chairman of the International Neural-Networks Society Special Interest Group on Power Engineering. (Case Western Reserve University Department of Electrial Engineering and Computer Sciences Glennan Building Ohio 44 106 USA T + 1216/421-2380 Fax +1216/368-8776) Yoh-Han Pao (1922) has been a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Case Westem Reserve University (CWRU) Cleveland Ohio since 1967. He has served as chairman of the University's Electrical Engineering Department

The Transient Energy Function (TEF) method has been intensely investigated over the last decade as a reliable and accurate tool for transient stability assessment of multimachine power systems. In this paper we propose the Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) based method for direct analysis of transient stability. The critical value of transient energy and the Critical Clearing Time (T_CCT) are evaluated without the need for successive calculation and memorization of the system kinetic and potential energy values along the sustained fault trajectory. The method is used for determination of output features in the training phase of the neural‐net based transient security assessment. The proposed approach is tested on the well‐known ten‐generator New England test system demonstrating the validity and accuracy of obtained results. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Model Reference Adaptive control and Adaptive Stability Augmentation

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第14期25卷 209-214页

作者： A. Henningsen O. Ravn FLS Automation DK-2500 Valby Denmark Institute of Automatic Control Systems Building 326 Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

A comparison of the standard concepts in MRAC design suggests that a combination of the implicit and the explicit design techniques may lead to an improvement of the overall system performance in the presence of unmodelled dynamics. Using the ideas of adaptive stability augmentation a combined stability augmented model reference design is proposed. By utilizing the closed-loop control error, a simple auxiliary controller is tuned, using a normalized M.I.T. rule for the parameter adjustment. The M.I.T. adjustment is protected against the effects of unmodelled dynamics by lowpass filtering of the gradient. The proposed method is verified through simulation results indicating that the method may lead to an improvement of the model reference controller in the presence of unmodelled dynamics.

关键词： Adaptive control Stability Augmentation Model Reference control Unmodelled Dynamics Robustness

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Model based Fault Diagnosis and Supervision of the Main and Feed Drives of a Flexible Milling Center

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第6期24卷 185-190页

作者： P. Wanke T. Reiß Institut of Automatic Control Laboratory of Control Systems and Process Automation Technical University Darmstadt Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4 D-6100 Darmstadt Germany

The early detection and localization of faults in machines and drives is of primary interest to make further improvement of the reliability and saftey. This paper presents a new approach in fault diagnosis and supervision of main and feed drives with elastic components. The supervision of drives with additional sensors for temperature, pressures or vibrations is usually expensive. Currently, internal process faults are only detected partially and at a rather late stage, by generating alarms if certain limits of the measured signals are exceeded or limit switches stop the machine tool. A process model based approach for fault diagnosis was developed. Dynamic models of each drive are tried and together with easily measurable signals of the drive, like current and speed, physical parameters are estimated. Changes of those process parameters are the symptoms for a diag-nostic inference mechanism. Experimental results with least squares parameter estimation in the form of disrete square root filters are shown.

关键词： Fault detection feed drive machine tool main drive modeling parameter estimation process monitoring

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Model Based Fault Diagnosis of the Main Drive of a Horizontal Milling Machine

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第3期24卷 681-686页

作者： P. Wanke Institut of Automatic Control Laboratory of Control Systems and Process Automation Technical University Darmstadt Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4 D-6100 Darmstadt Germany

The early detection and localization of faults in machines and drives is of primary interest to make further improvement of the reliability and saftey. This paper presents a new approach in fault diagnosis and supervision of main drives with elastic components. The supervision of drives with additional sensors for temperature, pressures or vibrations is usually expensive. Currently, internal process faults are only detected partially and at a rather late stage, by generating alarms if certain limits of the measured signals are exceeded or limit switches stop the machine tool. A process model based approach for fault diagnosis was developed. A dynamic model of the main drive was derived and together with easily measurable signals of the drive, like current and speed, physical parameters can be estimated. Changes of those process parameters are the symptoms for a diagnostic inference mechanism. Experimental results with least squares parameter estimation in the form of disrete square root filters are shown.

关键词： Fault detection machine tool main drive modelling parameter estimation process monitoring

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