Time-varying electric loads, fluctuating around their nominal point, cause fluctuations also of current and power. The mean phasors of current and complex power differ from their nominal values, which results in a def...
Time-varying electric loads, fluctuating around their nominal point, cause fluctuations also of current and power. The mean phasors of current and complex power differ from their nominal values, which results in a deflection of mean power input. A transformation to a time-invariant equivalent circuit is introduced representing the mean values of voltage, current and power. The variances on the other hand contribute equations for a second phenomenon of fluctuating lends: the generation of disturbances in the power supply system. Results for both phenomena are derived for single-phase lends, validated by Monte-Carlo simulations, and generalized to three important kinds of three-phase bonds. Measured data from an electric arc furnace illustrate the application of ideas.
The paper presents results of research with the new predictive autopilot structure (PIP+D) with gain scheduling. The autopilot is tested and compared with conventional PID autopilot for a mariner class ship. The autop...
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The paper presents results of research with the new predictive autopilot structure (PIP+D) with gain scheduling. The autopilot is tested and compared with conventional PID autopilot for a mariner class ship. The autopilot parameters are changed with the speed of the ship using the gain scheduling technique. Results obtained during the research show that the proposed autopilot structure is to be recommended if improved performance is of prime interest, when the velocity of the ship is changing. The analysis is based on the simulation of a mariner class ship as a nonlinear system, with the steering servo system taken as a nonlinear model. Results of the simulation are included.
High-accuracy positioning is applied in a variety of modern computer-controlled machines. The achievable precision is not only determined by the mechanical properties of the systems but strongly depends on the utilize...
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High-accuracy positioning is applied in a variety of modern computer-controlled machines. The achievable precision is not only determined by the mechanical properties of the systems but strongly depends on the utilized control algorithms and the quality of the sensor signals. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how alternative position sensors influence the performance of a robust digital tracking controller consisting of a disturbance observer in the velocity loop, a feedback controller in the position loop, and a zero phase error tracking controller as feedforward controller. Two different sensor systems for an x-y positioning table are considered. While a digital encoder is attached to the actuating motor, a laser interferometer with a significantly higher resolution directly measures the position of the compliantly coupled table. The latter case represents a noncollocated system. After introducing the hardware setup, both the system identification and the controller design are briefly reviewed. The impact of the measurement device on the control performance and the optimal choice of the controller parameters are investigated in extensive experiments.
In blind source separation problem it is usually assumed that the source signals are mutually *** has been realized that this assumption is not *** this paper,we provide some general conditions under which the source ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780329120
In blind source separation problem it is usually assumed that the source signals are mutually *** has been realized that this assumption is not *** this paper,we provide some general conditions under which the source signals can be recovered from their linear mixtures. We first define two concepts,the mutually M-th order independence and the pairwise M-th order independence,on a set of random *** we prove that if the source signals are mutually M-th order independent,then those source signals,each of which has at least one nonzero m-th order cumulant for 3≤m≤M,can be *** conclusion is in spirit similar to but more general than that proposed by Tong et al[10].The constructive proof suggests an algorithm for the blind separation of sources which are mutually Af-th order *** examples arc presented to illustrate the results.
Predictive control strategies have been proved effective and robust in practice. These algorithms were developed mainly for linear processes. The main idea is to determine the control signal minimising the deviation b...
Predictive control strategies have been proved effective and robust in practice. These algorithms were developed mainly for linear processes. The main idea is to determine the control signal minimising the deviation between a reference signal and the predicted process output in a given prediction horizon. A simplified version is one-step-ahead predictive control, where prediction horizon is restricted to one future point. Extended horizon control proposed by Ydstie (1984) is enlengthened one-step-ahead control which lets more time for the settling process than the dead time. Extended horizon predictive control strategy is derived here for a class of nonlinear systems. Some simulation results show the effect of the tuning parameters for the reference signal tracking performance of the nonlinear system.
Autonomous systems of electric power supply consisted of one common primary source of electric power supply and a set of multiple modular switched-controlled secondary sources of electric power supply (DC-to-DC power ...
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Autonomous systems of electric power supply consisted of one common primary source of electric power supply and a set of multiple modular switched-controlled secondary sources of electric power supply (DC-to-DC power converters) are considered. The interconnection of the processes in secondary sources through the common primary source increases the dimension of the switched-control problem and leads to extra nonlinear (bilinear) effects. The problem of the stabilization of the voltage transformed by the multiple modular switched-controlled secondary sources of electric supply is formulated and solved in sliding modes. The robust decoupled linear desired behavior of the stabilization errors of the transformed voltage is guaranteed in local sliding modes. In order not to overload some of the basic DC-to-DC power converters within each multiple modular secondary source of electric power supply the differences between the currents consumed by these basic converters are set to zero in sliding modes.
Some undesirable properties of the standard Takagi-Sugeno (TS) inference method are discussed in relation to an analysis of the TS model and its approximation accuracy. A new inference method based on a smoothing maxi...
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Some undesirable properties of the standard Takagi-Sugeno (TS) inference method are discussed in relation to an analysis of the TS model and its approximation accuracy. A new inference method based on a smoothing maximum function is proposed. This method guarantees smoothness of the model output to a desired degree, boundedness of the output gradient at each point by the local gradients of the rule consequences and also improves the accuracy of the TS model, as demonstrated in the given numerical examples.
This paper describes a flexible and systematic implementation method of Petri Nets that can be applied to high speed parallel control. This paper suggests a hard-wired implementation for a high frequency clock-driven ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780327756
This paper describes a flexible and systematic implementation method of Petri Nets that can be applied to high speed parallel control. This paper suggests a hard-wired implementation for a high frequency clock-driven system with little jitter. To implement Petri Nets with synchronous (clock-driven) digital circuits, a Synchronous Petri Net is proposed. The suggested implementation method is based on a regular cell-array such as FPGA (field programmable gate array). Radix-k Petri Net and Radix-k conversion are defined to solve technology mapping problem of FPGA that consists of k-size cells. Cell usage, cell utilization, cell complexity, and speed index are defined and derived, which are used for quantitative analysis and efficient design. To help the design process, necessary CAD tools such as design entry library, hard-macro library, and net-list converter are developed. The suggested method is demonstrated using Xilinx FPGA, and its operation is verified by computer simulations.
The paper proposes a fast online learning method for neural network structures by using genetic algorithm (GA) and dynamic back propagation algorithm (BP) jointly. GA is used in the coarse tuning process which adjusts...
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The paper proposes a fast online learning method for neural network structures by using genetic algorithm (GA) and dynamic back propagation algorithm (BP) jointly. GA is used in the coarse tuning process which adjusts interconnection weights of the neural network. The dynamic back propagation algorithm is subsequently applied to achieve fine adjusting of the network weights. The fitness function, based on the squared error between the teaching signal and the network output value, is redefined at every time step and the proposed GA based algorithm solves a nonstationary function optimization task. At every time step the solution with the best fitness function is used for current representation of the neural network weights and biases. It is shown through the simulations and real time temperature control of drying oven that this learning algorithm has faster convergence ability and better performance on reducing mapping error in the online learning neural network structures. This leads to an improvement of the transient response of neuro adaptive systems. The proposed method has the potential to be applied to many practical areas such as system modeling and control, signal processing and pattern recognition.
Utilities are required to provide reliable power to customers. In the design stages, utilities need to plan ahead for anticipated future load growth under different possible scenarios. Their decisions and designs can ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780335228
Utilities are required to provide reliable power to customers. In the design stages, utilities need to plan ahead for anticipated future load growth under different possible scenarios. Their decisions and designs can affect the gain or loss of millions of dollars for their companies as well as customer satisfaction and future economic growth in their territory. This paper proposes and describes the general methodology to use fuzzy logic to fuse the available information for spatial load forecasting. The proposed scheme can provide distribution planners other alternatives to aggregate their information for spatial load forecasting.
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