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Plasma-Enhanced Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Silicon Carbide Nanopowders in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Zihao Lei, Zewei Hong, Ruoyu Li, Ming-Lin He, Xianfeng College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China International Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Sensing and Robotics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Ultrafine silicon carbide (SiC) powders have garnered increasing attention due to their vast potential for diverse applications. In this study, we developed a plasma-enhanced fluidized bed reactor to crack hexamethyldisilane (HMDS), thereby producing SiC/NC composites with diameters ranging from 10 to 20 nm. This method enables large-scale and sustainable production of SiC/NC composites. Concurrently, nitrogen doping was achieved by introducing ammonia during the plasma process, which increased material defects and thus enhanced electrical conductivity. Moreover, the abundant hydrogen atoms in ammonia modulated the product properties, as evidenced by reduced particle size, enhanced crystallinity, and decreased free-carbon content. The synthesized composites were applied as anodes in lithium-ion batteries, and their feasibility was confirmed through extensive testing. Notably, SiC-150 exhibited a discharge capacity of 413 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and maintained a high specific capacity of 780 mAh g-1 even after 800 cycles at 0.5 A g-1. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ammonia

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Enhancement of gasification performance of Sesamum indicum stalk residue and Oryza sativa husk through densification and co-gasification with Prosopis juliflora

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Renewable Energy 2025年 251卷

作者： Peethambaran, Sanalkumar Atthanikuzhy Sivaraman, Subramaniyasharma Krishnan, Srividhya Shanmugam, Saravanan Ramiah Saady, Noori M. Cata Zendehboudi, Sohrab Sriariyanun, Malinee Ponnusami, Venkatachalam Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory Centre for Bioenergy School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India Department of Biosystems Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Civil Engineering Memorial University St. John'sNLA1B 3X5 Canada Department of Process Engineering Memorial University St. John'sNLA1B 3X5 Canada Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center Department of Chemical and Process Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

Sustainable management approaches for crop residues have not been explored to their maximum potential. Most agricultural crop residues are arbitrarily burned in the agricultural fields, causing significant air pollution and health problems. This work investigated the gasification of two under-explored herbaceous agricultural wastes, namely Sesamum indicum stalk residue (SSR) and rice (Oryza sativa) husk (RH), in a throatless downdraft gasifier with air. It studied syngas composition, higher heating value (HHV), cold gas efficiency (CGE), and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) at an air velocity of 7.5 m/s. To improve the gasification performance, pelletization and blending of woody biomass (co-gasification) were studied. After pelletization, the densities increased by 2.3 and 1.8 folds for SSR and RH, respectively. The CGE increased proportionately by 2.9 and 1.7 folds for SSR and RH, respectively. Meanwhile, CCE increased by 2.7 and 1.7 folds for SSR and RH, respectively. Further, the hardwood Prosopis juliflora (PJ) was blended with these biomasses in different mass ratios to improve their gasification performance. The co-gasification studies revealed that the gasification performance of the 1:1:2 blend pelletized SSR: pelletized RH: PJ matched that of hardwood. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated that the leftover agricultural biomasses could be efficiently blended with hardwood to produce energy and thereby (1) reduce hardwood consumption in gasification, (2) provide a solution to manage residues generated during agricultural practices, (3) contribute to a circular economy, and (4) complies with sustainable development goals 2, 7 and 12. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Waste treatment

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Composite Nonlinear Trajectory Tracking Control of Co-Driving Vehicles Using Self-Triggered Adaptive Dynamic Programming

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Hu, Chuan Ge, Sicheng Shi, Yingkui Gao, Weinan Guo, Wenfeng Zhang, Xi Shanghai Jiao Tong University Intelligent Vehicle Institute School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Tsinghua University School of Vehicle and Mobility Beijing100190 China

This article presents a composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control method using self-triggered (ST) adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm in a human-machine shared steering framework. For the overall system dynamics, a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) vehicle model is established and a two-point preview driver model is adopted. A dynamic authority allocation strategy based on cooperation level is proposed to combine the steering input of the human driver and the automatic controller. To make further improvements in the controller design, three main contributions are put forward. Firstly, the CNF controller is designed for trajectory tracking control with refined transient performance. Besides, the self-triggered rule is applied such that the system will update in discrete times to save computing resources and increase efficiency. Moreover, by introducing the data-based ADP algorithm, the optimal control problem can be solved through iteration using system input and output information, reducing the need for accurate knowledge of system dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated through Carsim-Simulink co-simulations in diverse driving scenarios. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steering

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High-sensitivity Mach–Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor based on a no-core optical fiber with a large lateral offset

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Applied Optics 2025年第16期64卷 4639-4645页

作者： Xinghui Li Huifang Wang Xiaopeng Chen Qi Zhang Xiaoyu Chen Xue Zhou Xin Yan Yong Zhao Tonglei Cheng State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries the College of Information Science and Engineering and the National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern University Foshan Guangdong 528311 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 China

We designed and experimentally demonstrated an innovative temperature sensor based on Mach–Zehnder interference, which was formed by splicing a piece of no-core fiber (NCF) between two conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) with a core offset. The intentional misalignment formed a gap that can be filled with ethanol, and temperature sensing was realized using the mode interference between the two distinct optical paths passing through the NCF cladding and the ethanol solution. Although the NCF length barely influenced the sensor sensitivity, it produced a major impact on the free spectral range (FSR) value. As a result, simulations were conducted and an NCF length of 620.7 µm was prepared. The sensor achieved a remarkable temperature sensitivity of 5.3574 nm/°C within the 30–36 °C range. Furthermore, the sensor boasted multiple advantages, including compact structure, high repeatability, and exceptional stability, rendering it a highly effective and versatile tool for precise thermal measurement in cell culture.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Beam propagation methods Fiber Bragg grating sensors Fiber optic sensors Position sensors Temperature sensors

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Advances in fiber-optic-based 3D shape sensing technology

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Optics and Laser Technology 2025年 190卷

作者： Zhai, Haodi Wang, Qi Zhou, Bing Fan, Yijie Wang, Fuyin Yao, Qiong Xia, Ji College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao066004 China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

Fiber-optic 3D shape sensing technology, renowned for its immunity to electromagnetic interference and unparalleled spatial accuracy, is indispensable for real-time deformation monitoring in demanding and intricate environments. This study delves into the sensing mechanisms of both multi-core fibers (MCFs) and fiber bundle configurations. It examines quasi-distributed sensing approaches, including fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and addresses mitigation techniques for temperature-strain cross-sensitivity. A comparative analysis of distributed sensing methods, such as Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering, is presented, emphasizing their distinct performance characteristics. Furthermore, the paper systematically outlines shape sensing algorithms, focusing on curvature and shape reconstruction, and explores torsion demodulation techniques, underscoring the transformative impact of machine learning in enhancing reconstruction precision and computational efficiency. Lastly, it highlights critical challenges in distributed fiber-optic shape sensing (DFOSS) and outlines future research trajectories, providing a holistic overview of the technology's current landscape and its potential for groundbreaking advancements. © 2025

关键词： Brillouin scattering

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Fabrication of a low insertion loss and high productivity FI/FO device based on the different core couple method and tapered corrosion method

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Optics Letters 2025年第11期50卷 3497-3500页

作者： Li, Yuxin Wang, Qianjin Wu, Yupeng Yin, Zhiyuan Zhou, Xue Yan, Xin Cheng, Tonglei State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries College of Information Science and Engineering National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern University Guangdong Foshan 528311 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 China

Two innovative methods, the different core couple (DC) method and the tapered corrosion (T-C) method, are proposed to improve traditional fiber bundle corrosion techniques for fabricating fan-in/fan-out (FI/FO) devices. The D-C method utilizes fibers with varying core diameters to facilitate light transmission from smaller to larger diameters, enhancing the fault tolerance of a fiber core structure on the end-face of FI/FO devices and minimizing optical signal leakage at the multiplexer joint, thereby reducing insertion loss (IL). Taper-cut and fusion-splicing techniques ensure the compatibility of the device with standard optical communication systems. The T-C method presents the idea of tapered corrosion fibers applied to FI/FO device fabrication, significantly enhancing production efficiency through a simple, repeatable, and cost-effective process. The above two methods were used to fabricate the corresponding FI/FO device for four-core single-mode fibers (4C-MCF), which are employed for signal multiplexing and demultiplexing. The device has a low average IL value of less than 0.5 dB, with cross talk lower than −60 dB, meeting the requirements for fiber-optic communication. This work provides two techniques for the fabrication of FI/FO device in multi-core fiber (MCF) communication systems, which can be expected to promote the innovation and development of space division multiplexing (SDM) technology. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Fiber bundles Fiber optic communications Multicore fibers Optical signals Space division multiplexing Tapered fibers

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Multirate Dynamic Variational Autoencoder for Fault Detection in Nonlinear Industrial processes

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Ying, Ze Chang, Yuqing Yang, Jinsha Wang, Fuli He, Yuchen Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Education and Sports Bureau Zhejiang Zhuji311800 China China Jiliang University College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou310018 China

The variational autoencoder (VAE) has proven highly effective in monitoring nonlinear stochastic processes, primarily under the assumption of complete and temporally independent data. However, real-world industrial data often exhibit additional complexities, such as multiple sampling rates and dynamic behavior, which complicate the development of efficient latent variable models for nonlinear systems. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel multirate dynamic VAE (MDVAE) model, specifically designed for dynamic industrial fault detection with incomplete dataset. In MDVAE, both the encoder and decoder are adapted to a multirate structure, enabling the latent variables to capture nonlinear correlations across varying sampling rates. Additionally, a first-order Markov chain is applied to the latent variables to represent the dynamic behavior of multirate nonlinear systems. The effectiveness of MDVAE is demonstrated using the Tennessee Eastman and coal-fired power generation processes (CFPs). The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms comparable approaches in addressing the coexisting challenges of multirate sampling and nonlinear dynamics. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov chains

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Observer-Based Adaptive Finite-Time Containment Control for Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Subject to FDI Attacks

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IEEE Transactions on automation Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Kang, Haobo Ma, Hongjun Niu, Ben Guangzhou University School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Information Fusion and Collaborative Optimization Control of Complex Manufacturing Process Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China South China University of Technology School of Automation Science and Engineering Guangzhou510641 China Dalian University of Technology School of Control Science and Engineering Liaoning Dalian116024 China

This paper investigates the adaptive finite-time containment control problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. On account of the fact that instability is inevitable when the false datas are injected into the researched system, the backstepping technique based on the modified coordinate transformation is applied to eliminate the impact of the FDI attacks. Furthermore, the "dynamic surface control"(DSC) approach is utilized to overcome the issue of "explosion of complexity" caused by repeatedly taking derivatives for the virtual control laws. Then, by designing an observer to refactor the immeasurable states of the MASs, a finite-time adaptive output-feedback tracking containment controller is constructed. It is shown that all the signals in the closed-loop systems are semi-globally practical finite-time stability(SGPFS), and the outputs of all the followers converge to the convex hull spanned by the multiple leaders’s outputs. Besides, the observer errors and the containment errors can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in finite time. Finally, the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed containment control protocol. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Closed loop control systems

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Plasma-enhanced synthesis of nitrogen-doped silicon carbide nanopowders in a fluidized-bed reactor for lithium-ion battery anodes

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Wang, Zihao Lei, Zewei Hong, Ruoyu Li, Minglin He, Xianfeng College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China International Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Sensing and Robotics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Ultrafine silicon carbide (SiC) powders have garnered increasing attention mainly due to their vast potential for diverse applications. In this study, a plasma-enhanced fluidized bed reactor to crack hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) was effectively developed, thereby producing SiC/NC composites with diameters ranging from 10 to 20 nm. This method enabled large-scale and sustainable production of SiC/NC composites. Concurrently, nitrogen doping was finally achieved by introducing ammonia during the plasma process, which increased material defects and thus enhanced electrical conductivity. Moreover, the abundant hydrogen atoms in ammonia modulated the product properties, as evidenced by reduced particle size, enhanced crystallinity as well as decreased free-carbon content. The synthesized composites were applied as anodes in lithium-ion batteries, and their feasibility was confirmed through extensive testing. Notably, SiC-150 exhibited a discharge capacity of 413mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and maintained a high specific capacity of 780mAh g−1 even after 800 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Stealthy Attacks on Sampled-Data Control and Encryption-Based Countermeasures

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Shang, Jun Li, Yuzhe Chen, Tongwen Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai200092 China Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110004 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada

This paper investigates stealthy attacks on sampled-data control systems, where a continuous process is sampled periodically, and the resultant discrete output and control signals are transmitted through dual channels in wireless communication networks. Acknowledging the vulnerability of these transmitted data to cyber threats, we analyze two types of stealthy attacks that compromise either one or both channels. We explicitly present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of stealthy single-channel attacks. To mitigate these security risks, we implement encryption-based countermeasures, including linear time-invariant and periodic encryption methods. We detail sufficient conditions under which these encryption strategies effectively thwart single- and dual-channel stealthy attacks. The effectiveness of these approaches and the theoretical findings are demonstrated through numerical simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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