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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Xi Li, Chenzui Zou, Kehan Xi, Ning Chen, Fei Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering T-Stone Robotics Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Industrial and Manufacturing System Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Musculoskeletal models are pivotal in the domains of rehabilitation and resistance training to analyze muscle conditions. However, individual variability in musculoskeletal parameters and the immeasurability of some internal biomechanical variables pose significant obstacles to accurate personalized modelling. Furthermore, muscle activation estimation can be challenging due to the inherent redundancy of the musculoskeletal system, where multiple muscles drive a single joint. This study develops a whole-body musculoskeletal model for strength and conditioning training and calibrates relevant muscle parameters with an electromyography-based optimization method. By utilizing the personalized musculoskeletal model, muscle activation can be subsequently estimated to analyze the performance of exercises. Bench press and deadlift are chosen for experimental verification to affirm the efficacy of this approach. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electromyography

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Comparison of Unsupervised Learning Algorithms for K-Means Clustering Efficiency in IoE Sensor Detection systems for Smart Agriculture

Comparison of Unsupervised Learning Algorithms for K-Means C...

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International Electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Wallop Tipwong Adisorn Sirikham Jessada Konpang Putthiphong Kirdpipat Yutana Chongjarearn Oradee Preutisrunyanont Department of Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Thammasat School of Engineering Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand Department of Robotic Engineering and Automation System Dhurakij Pundit University Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

This study investigates the application of clustering algorithms to data collected from color sensors providing frequency signals during the cultivation process. Continuous sampling allowed for real-time data collection, and variations in temperature and humidity were observed to influence signal reception. The dataset's large volume and varying sample sizes necessitated the evaluation of several clustering models for efficient data processing. The experiment tested K-Means, K-Means++, Mini-Batch K-Means, and Bisecting K-Means algorithms. The results reveal that the computation time for each model increased with the number of groups. Specifically, the K-Means, K-Means++, and Mini-Batch K-Means models exhibited shorter computation times, ranging from 0.02 to 0.03 seconds for two-group scenarios, while the Bisecting K-Means algorithm took significantly longer, approximately 0.10 seconds. Despite the variation in processing times, all models performed similarly in terms of clustering quality, with an average Silhouette Score of 0.82. This score indicates that the algorithms effectively separated data points into well-defined groups while maintaining high accuracy in clustering. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the importance of balancing computation time and clustering quality, particularly as the number of clusters increases. These findings suggest that while computational efficiency may vary across models, the clustering quality remains robust, providing valuable insights for data analysis in agricultural sensor networks. The study's results demonstrate that each clustering model is capable of handling large datasets with high accuracy in grouping, making them applicable to real-world agricultural data processing scenarios. In conclusion, the experiment confirms that all tested models, despite differing in computation time, successfully partitioned the data with high-quality results, offering promising applications for data analysis and optimization in agricult

关键词： Temperature sensors Analytical models Image color analysis Computational modeling Clustering algorithms Approximation algorithms Data models Sensor systems Computational efficiency Optical sensors

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A third-party platoon coordination service: Pricing under government subsidies

A third-party platoon coordination service: Pricing under go...

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作者： Bai, Ting Johansson, Alexander Li, Shaoyuan Johansson, Karl Henrik Mårtensson, Jonas School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Digital Futures Stockholm Sweden

This paper models a platooning system consisting of trucks and a third-party service provider (TPSP), which performs platoon coordination, distributes the platooning profit in platoons, and charges trucks in exchange for the services. Government subsidies used to incentivize platooning are also considered. We propose a pricing rule for the TPSP, which keeps part of the platooning profit including the subsidy each time a platoon is formed. In addition, a platoon coordination solution based on the distributed model predictive control (MPC) is proposed, in which the pricing rule under government subsidies is integrated. We perform a realistic simulation over the Swedish road network to evaluate the impact of the pricing rule and subsidies on the achieved profits and fuel savings. Our results show that subsidies are an effective mean to boost fuel savings from platooning. Moreover, the simulation study indicates that high pricing corresponds to a low platooning rate of the system, as trucks' incentives for platooning decrease. © 2023 The Authors. Asian Journal of Control published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Chinese Automatic Control Society.

关键词： Trucks

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Enhancing Resource Allocation and Performance in Multi-Layer Industrial IoT Through Adjustable Strategy Integrating Cooperative Communication and Edge Computing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Sun, Mingyue Yuan, Yazhou Ma, Kai Chen, Cailian Zhang, Jianmin Luo, Xiaoyuan The Institute of electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China The Automation Department of the Baosteel Research Institute Shanghai200240 China

Reliable bidirectional communication between the control center (CC) and manufacturing devices (MDs) along with efficient resource allocation are critical for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, due to the limited network resources of IIoT devices and the intertwined nature of communication and computation resources, achieving efficient optimization of these resources presents significant challenges. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer communication architecture for the IIoT based on edge computing and cooperative communication technologies, where resource-constrained MDs upload data to edge servers (ESs) for processing. To address the issues of resource scarcity and coupling, we establish a bandwidth release model (BRM) to analyze and quantify the relationship between computation and communication resources. This elucidates the interaction mechanisms between ‘transmission-computation’ performance. Furthermore, to prevent excessive data upload to ESs, which could lead to node overload and network congestion, we employ game theory to develop a pricing mechanism for resource allocation, where ESs charge for computation services. Specifically, we construct a Lagrangian framework to determine a resource allocation scheme, aiming to maximize the utility of the factory. Simulation results indicate that compared to common methods employed in existing works, our strategy enhances factory utility by 29.79%. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Edge computing

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Adapting Vision Transformers for Cross-Product Defect Detection in Manufacturing

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 253卷 2693-2702页

作者： Nikolaos Nikolakis Paolo Catti Luca Fabbro Kosmas Alexopoulos Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics University of Patras Rio Campus Greece APTIV Connection System Service Italia S.p.A. Strada Del Francese 137 Turin Italy

Advanced defect detection solutions that can easily adapt to different products and defect types are of high value for modern manufacturing companies. A significant challenge in developing and deploying such AI models is ensuring they generalize efficiently across diverse visual domains. This challenge is driven by limited data availability of high quality and the substantial effort required for labeling such datasets. This paper explores the adaptation of a Vision Transformer (ViT), originally trained to identify aesthetic defects in battery modules, for application in moulded plastic parts. By using transfer learning and generative AI techniques, this study evaluates fine-tuning and synthetic data augmentation strategies. The proposed approaches are assessed for their potential to enhance model adaptability and reduce dependency on extensive labelled datasets. A case study involving a battery manufacturing company with real-world data serves as the basis for this evaluation. Our preliminary findings suggest promising directions for enhancing the flexibility and efficacy of AI-driven defect detection systems in diverse manufacturing environments.

关键词： Vision Transformers Transfer Learning Generative AI Defect Detection

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Mechanical Properties Inside Origami-Inspired Structures: An Overview

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Applied Mechanics Reviews 2025年第1期77卷 011001页

作者： Yan, Peng Huang, Hailin Meloni, Marco Li, Bing Cai, Jianguo Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key Laboratory of C & PC Structures of Ministry of Education National Prestress Engineering Research Center Southeast University Nanjing211189 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robotics Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Habin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China

In recent decades, origami has transitioned from a traditional art form into a systematic field of scientific inquiry, characterized by attributes such as high foldability, lightweight frameworks, diverse deformation modes, and limited degrees-of-freedom. Despite the abundant literature on smart materials, actuation methods, design principles, and manufacturing techniques, comprehensive reviews focusing on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures are relatively rare and unsystematic. This review aims to fill this void by analyzing and summarizing the significant studies conducted on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures from 2013 to 2023. We begin with an overview that includes essential definitions of origami, classical origami patterns, and their associated tessellated or stacked structures. Following this, we delve into the principal dynamic modeling method for origami and conduct an in-depth analysis of the key mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures. These properties include tunable stiffness, bistability and multistability, metamechanical properties demonstrated by origami-based metamaterials, and bio-inspired mechanical properties. Finally, we conclude with a comprehensive summary that discusses the current challenges and future directions in the field of origami-inspired structures. Our review provides a thorough synthesis of both the mechanical properties and practical applications of origami-inspired structures, aiming to serve as a reference and stimulate further research. © 2025 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Natural Language Processing for Subjective Exam Grading in Programming Explanations in Thai Language

Natural Language Processing for Subjective Exam Grading in P...

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International Electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Waris Rattanimit Thanyarat Nomponkrang Electrical Technology and Automation System Faculty of Engineering and Technology Siam Technology College Bangkok Thailand Department of Computer Education King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

In the digital era, learning programming has become an essential skill, and assessing students' understanding in this area plays a crucial role in enhancing educational quality. However, evaluating subjective programming exam responses, especially those involving conceptual explanations or procedural descriptions, remains a challenging task due to the diversity and complexity of answers. Manual grading can lead to delays and inconsistencies in scoring. This research aims to develop an automated system for evaluating Thai subjective programming exams using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to assess the correctness of responses. The system is implemented in Python, utilizing the ThaiNLP library for word tokenization, alongside Machine Learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification and prediction of answers. The experimental dataset includes responses from 120 students who answered subjective questions about Python commands. Expert testing indicated high user satisfaction with an average score of 4.05. The findings show that SVM achieved the highest accuracy at 85.33%. This system can enhance efficiency and consistency in exam evaluation, reducing grading time and contributing to standardized scoring.

关键词： Support vector machines Electrical engineering Machine learning algorithms Manuals Machine learning Tokenization Libraries Programming profession Python Testing

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Prescribed-Time Mitigation of False Data Attacks in Microgrid Load Frequency Control

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Abouzeid, Said I. Chen, Y. Zaery, Mohamed Amrr, Syed Muhammad Abdelhameed, Esam H. Engineering Technology Research Center for Electric Vehicle Driving System and Safety School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Province Sichuan Chengdu611731 China Aswan University Faculty of Energy Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Aswan Egypt K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center Saudi Arabia KFUPM Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia

Microgrid load frequency control (LFC) operation relies extensively on cyber networks which significantly increases their susceptibility to false data injection attacks (FDIAs) that can undermine microgrid’s stability. This paper proposes a multi-layer control framework that efficiently detects and mitigates false data injected in the actuator and measurements of the LFC. Firstly, an FDIAs detection layer based on an unknown input observer (UIO) utilizing an adaptive threshold has been proposed. An adaptive threshold aims to enhance detection sensitivity and reduce false alarms by distinguishing between actual attacks and temporal discrepancies in observer error caused by internal disturbances. Secondly, to ensure timely and accurate mitigation of FDIAs, an estimation layer utilizing a prescribed-time unknown input observer (PTUIO) has been designed. PTUIO is designed to be robust against unknown inputs and parameter uncertainty. The PTUIO employs periodic time-delayed output to estimate system states and FDIAs within a predefined time. Afterward, a two-layer robust and resilient LFC system was developed. The first layer ensures the rejection of unknown inputs, including load/generation disturbances and FDIAs based on PTUIO estimations. The second layer incorporates robust state feedback control, which stabilizes the microgrid and accurately tracks the frequency reference. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is confirmed through multiple scenarios by simulations and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), demonstrating its robustness and reliability in addressing challenges associated with internal disturbances, and FDIAs within the microgrid. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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UW-DNeRF: Deformable Soft Tissue Reconstruction with Uncertainty-Guided Depth Supervision and Local Information Integration

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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Shan, Jiwei Zhang, Zixin Li, Hao Hsieh, Cheng-Tai Li, Yirui Wu, Wenhua Wang, Hesheng School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Avionics Integration and Aviation System-of-Systems Synthesis Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China

Reconstructing deformable soft tissues from endoscopic videos is a critical yet challenging task. Leveraging depth priors, deformable implicit neural representations have seen significant advancements in this field. However, depth priors from pre-Trained depth estimation models are often coarse, and inaccurate depth supervision can severely impair the performance of these neural networks. Moreover, existing methods overlook local similarities in input sequences, which restricts their effectiveness in capturing local details and tissue deformations. In this paper, we introduce UW-DNeRF, a novel approach utilizing neural radiance fields for high-quality reconstruction of deformable tissues. We propose an uncertainty-guided depth supervision strategy to mitigate the impact of inaccurate depth information. This strategy relaxes hard depth constraints and unlocks the potential of implicit neural representations. In addition, we design a local window-based information sharing scheme. This scheme employs local window and keyframe deformation networks to construct deformations with local awareness and enhances the model's ability to capture fine details. We demonstrate the superiority of our method over state-of-The-Art approaches on synthetic and in-vivo endoscopic datasets. Code is available at: https://***/IRMVLab/UW-DNeRF. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Endoscopy

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S2KAN-SLAM: Elastic Neural LiDAR SLAM with SDF Submaps and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhong Zhang, Lin Wang, Hesheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Avionics Integration and Aviation System-of-Systems Synthesis Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China Tongji University School of Computer Science and Technology National Pilot Software Engineering School with Chinese Characteristics Shanghai201804 China

Traditional LiDAR SLAM approaches prioritize localization over mapping, yet high-precision dense maps are essential for numerous applications involving intelligent agents. Recent advancements have introduced methods leveraging neural fields to enhance mapping capabilities;however, these approaches still face several limitations. Firstly, concerning scene representation, they typically employ neural fields with high-dimensional features and multi-layer perceptron decoders utilizing non-continuous activation functions. This results in low learning efficiency and challenges in capturing high-frequency signals. Secondly, in terms of scene organization, these methods often treat the entire scene as a singular neural field, leading to inefficiencies, inflexibility, and difficulties in rectifying accumulated errors when mapping large-scale environments over extended periods. To tackle the first issue, we propose a lightweight continuous SDF regression approach by encoding the scene in single-valued embeddings and decoding SDF values from a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network. By minimizing discrepancies in measuring range, sampling distance, and decoded SDF values, we facilitate iterative frame-to-model tracking and bundle adjustment neural mapping. To mitigate the second challenge, we propose structuring the whole scene into multiple neural SDF submaps. By establishing node-node, node-submap, and loop closure constraints into a global pose graph, the system can create dense neural maps with global consistency across large-scale scenes. Experimental evaluations in both real-world and simulated settings indicate that our system achieves superior mapping completeness and accuracy, enhanced learning efficiency, reduced memory consumption, and greater flexibility compared to its counterparts. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mapping

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